Distribusi dan Karakterisasi Populasi Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides. Benth) Gulma Resisten Parakuat pada Lahan Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays) di Kabupaten Dairi
ABSTRAK
Berton Sianturi. 2015. Distribusi dan Karakterisasi Populasi Sintrong
(Crassocephalum crepidioides. Benth) Gulma Resisten Parakuat pada Lahan
Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) di Kabupaten Dairi, dibimbing oleh Edison Purba,
dan Lisnawita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik, dan
distribusi populasi sintrong (C.crepidiodes) yang resisten parakuat pada lahan
tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Dairi. Kabupaten Dairi sebagai sumber benih gulma
sintrong berada pada ketinggian 400 – 1700 meter di atas permukaan laut.
Penapisan populasi sintrong dilakukan di Kecamatan Patumbak Kabupaten Deli
Serdang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan Pebruari
2014. Percobaan ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu tahap pertama penapisan
populasi sintrong dengan parakuat pada dosis anjuran 304,5 gr.b.a/ha, dan tahap
kedua menguji tingkat resistensi populasi sintrong dari hasil penapisan. Untuk
menguji tingkat resistensi dari hasil penapisan, dipilih 3 (tiga) populasi yang
memilki persentase hidup paling tinggi dan populasi yang sensitif sebagai kontrol.
Percobaan tahap pertama menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK)
dengan tiga ulangan, tahap kedua dengan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak
(RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Penapisan dan uji tingkat resistensi populasi
sintrong menggunakan herbisida berbahan aktif diklorida 280g/l setara dengan ion
parakuat 203g/l. Perlakuan yang digunakan tahap kedua dengan dosis 0 gr/ha (P0),
76 gr.ba/ha (P1), 152 gr.ba/ha (P2), 304,5gr.ba/ha (P3), 609 gr.ba/ha (P4), 1218
gr.ba/ha (P5), 2436 gr.ba./ha (P6). Alat menyemprot digunakan knapsack sprayer
elektrik dengan nozzle T-jet warna kuning dengan lebar semprot 0,5 m. Hasil
penapisan dari 30 populasi sintrong, sebanyak 19 populasi (63,3%) termasuk
kategori K2 dengan tingkat rata-rata mortalitas 24,82%, sedangkan 11 populasi
(36,7%) termasuk kategori K3 dengan tingkat rata-rata mortalitasnya 5,12%. Ratarata lama penggunaan parakuat oleh petani responden 17,4 tahun, dengan dosis
544,57gr.ba/ha, serta frekuensi 1,5 kali/periode tanam. Populasi sintrong resisten
parakuat terdistribusi pada enam kecamatan di Kabupaten Dairi, resistensi terkecil
47,92% (C11) terdapat di Kecamatan Siempat Nempu Hulu, dan tertinggi 100,0%
(C29, C30) terdapat di Tanah Pinem. Tingkat resistensi (R/S) populasi sintrong RC25 dari Kecamatan Tiga Lingga, R-C27, dan R-30 dari Tanah Pinem berturutturut adalah 12,3, dan 14,86 serta 24,83 kali lipat dibandingkan populasi sensitif.
Rata-rata jumlah klorofil daun sintrong populasi sensitif berbeda nyata dengan
populasi resisten.
Kata kunci: Crassocephalum crepidioides, Parakuat, Herbisida, Resisten
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Berton Sianturi. 2015. The Distribution and the Characteristict of
Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth Weed Resistan to Paraquat at Corn field
(Zea mays) in Dairi District,”supervised by Edison Purba, and Lisnawita. The
objective of the research was to determine the characteristics and the distribution
of C.crepidioides which is resistant to paraquat in corn fields in Dairi District as
the source of C, crepidioides at the altitude of 400 - 1700 meters above sea
level. Its population was screened in Patumbak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang
District. The research was conducted from May 2013 until February 2014. The
experiment was conducted in two stages, in the first stage, its population was
screnened with parakuat at the suggested dosage of 304.5 g.ai/ha and in the
second stage its resistance level from the screening was tested. Three
populations, which had the highest living percentage and the sensitive population
as control, were selected to examine their resistance levels. The first experiment
used Group Random Design and the second experiment used Complete Group
Random Design with three replications respectively. The screening and the
testing of the resistance levels of its population used herbicide with active
dichloride iof 280g /l which was equivalent with paraquat ion of 203 g/l.
Treatment in the second stage used dosage of 0 g.ai/ha (P0), 76 g.ia/ha (P1), 152
g.ai/ha (P2), 304,5g.ai/ha (P3), 609 g.ai/ha (P4), 1218 g.ai/ha (P5), 2436 g.ai. /
ha (P6). Knapsack electric sprayer with yellow nozzle T-jet and spraying reach of
0.5 m was used. The results of the screening on 30 C.crepidioides showed that 19
populations (63.3%) were in K2 category at the average mortality level of 24.82%
and while the 11 populations (36.7%) were in K3 category at the average
mortality level of 5,12%. The average length oftimt in using paraquat by the
respondents was 17.4 years, at dosage of 544,57g.ai/ha with the frequency of 1.5
times/planting period. The C. crepidioides resistant to paraquat was distributed in
six subdistricts of Dairi District; the lowest resistance 47.92% (C11) was found in
Siempat Nempu Hulu Subdistrict and the highest resistance 100.0% (C29, C30)
was found Tanah Pinem. The resistance level (R/S) of C.crepidioides R-C25 was
from Tiga Lingga Subdistrict, while R-C27, and R-C30 were from Tanah Pinem at
12.3, 14.86 and 24.83 times consecutively, compared with sensitive population.
The average number of C.crepidioides chlorophyll leaves in sensitive population
was significantly different from those in resistant population.
Keywords: Crassocephalum crepidioides, Paraquat,Herbicide, Resistance
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Berton Sianturi. 2015. Distribusi dan Karakterisasi Populasi Sintrong
(Crassocephalum crepidioides. Benth) Gulma Resisten Parakuat pada Lahan
Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) di Kabupaten Dairi, dibimbing oleh Edison Purba,
dan Lisnawita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik, dan
distribusi populasi sintrong (C.crepidiodes) yang resisten parakuat pada lahan
tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Dairi. Kabupaten Dairi sebagai sumber benih gulma
sintrong berada pada ketinggian 400 – 1700 meter di atas permukaan laut.
Penapisan populasi sintrong dilakukan di Kecamatan Patumbak Kabupaten Deli
Serdang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan Pebruari
2014. Percobaan ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu tahap pertama penapisan
populasi sintrong dengan parakuat pada dosis anjuran 304,5 gr.b.a/ha, dan tahap
kedua menguji tingkat resistensi populasi sintrong dari hasil penapisan. Untuk
menguji tingkat resistensi dari hasil penapisan, dipilih 3 (tiga) populasi yang
memilki persentase hidup paling tinggi dan populasi yang sensitif sebagai kontrol.
Percobaan tahap pertama menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK)
dengan tiga ulangan, tahap kedua dengan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak
(RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Penapisan dan uji tingkat resistensi populasi
sintrong menggunakan herbisida berbahan aktif diklorida 280g/l setara dengan ion
parakuat 203g/l. Perlakuan yang digunakan tahap kedua dengan dosis 0 gr/ha (P0),
76 gr.ba/ha (P1), 152 gr.ba/ha (P2), 304,5gr.ba/ha (P3), 609 gr.ba/ha (P4), 1218
gr.ba/ha (P5), 2436 gr.ba./ha (P6). Alat menyemprot digunakan knapsack sprayer
elektrik dengan nozzle T-jet warna kuning dengan lebar semprot 0,5 m. Hasil
penapisan dari 30 populasi sintrong, sebanyak 19 populasi (63,3%) termasuk
kategori K2 dengan tingkat rata-rata mortalitas 24,82%, sedangkan 11 populasi
(36,7%) termasuk kategori K3 dengan tingkat rata-rata mortalitasnya 5,12%. Ratarata lama penggunaan parakuat oleh petani responden 17,4 tahun, dengan dosis
544,57gr.ba/ha, serta frekuensi 1,5 kali/periode tanam. Populasi sintrong resisten
parakuat terdistribusi pada enam kecamatan di Kabupaten Dairi, resistensi terkecil
47,92% (C11) terdapat di Kecamatan Siempat Nempu Hulu, dan tertinggi 100,0%
(C29, C30) terdapat di Tanah Pinem. Tingkat resistensi (R/S) populasi sintrong RC25 dari Kecamatan Tiga Lingga, R-C27, dan R-30 dari Tanah Pinem berturutturut adalah 12,3, dan 14,86 serta 24,83 kali lipat dibandingkan populasi sensitif.
Rata-rata jumlah klorofil daun sintrong populasi sensitif berbeda nyata dengan
populasi resisten.
Kata kunci: Crassocephalum crepidioides, Parakuat, Herbisida, Resisten
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Berton Sianturi. 2015. The Distribution and the Characteristict of
Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth Weed Resistan to Paraquat at Corn field
(Zea mays) in Dairi District,”supervised by Edison Purba, and Lisnawita. The
objective of the research was to determine the characteristics and the distribution
of C.crepidioides which is resistant to paraquat in corn fields in Dairi District as
the source of C, crepidioides at the altitude of 400 - 1700 meters above sea
level. Its population was screened in Patumbak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang
District. The research was conducted from May 2013 until February 2014. The
experiment was conducted in two stages, in the first stage, its population was
screnened with parakuat at the suggested dosage of 304.5 g.ai/ha and in the
second stage its resistance level from the screening was tested. Three
populations, which had the highest living percentage and the sensitive population
as control, were selected to examine their resistance levels. The first experiment
used Group Random Design and the second experiment used Complete Group
Random Design with three replications respectively. The screening and the
testing of the resistance levels of its population used herbicide with active
dichloride iof 280g /l which was equivalent with paraquat ion of 203 g/l.
Treatment in the second stage used dosage of 0 g.ai/ha (P0), 76 g.ia/ha (P1), 152
g.ai/ha (P2), 304,5g.ai/ha (P3), 609 g.ai/ha (P4), 1218 g.ai/ha (P5), 2436 g.ai. /
ha (P6). Knapsack electric sprayer with yellow nozzle T-jet and spraying reach of
0.5 m was used. The results of the screening on 30 C.crepidioides showed that 19
populations (63.3%) were in K2 category at the average mortality level of 24.82%
and while the 11 populations (36.7%) were in K3 category at the average
mortality level of 5,12%. The average length oftimt in using paraquat by the
respondents was 17.4 years, at dosage of 544,57g.ai/ha with the frequency of 1.5
times/planting period. The C. crepidioides resistant to paraquat was distributed in
six subdistricts of Dairi District; the lowest resistance 47.92% (C11) was found in
Siempat Nempu Hulu Subdistrict and the highest resistance 100.0% (C29, C30)
was found Tanah Pinem. The resistance level (R/S) of C.crepidioides R-C25 was
from Tiga Lingga Subdistrict, while R-C27, and R-C30 were from Tanah Pinem at
12.3, 14.86 and 24.83 times consecutively, compared with sensitive population.
The average number of C.crepidioides chlorophyll leaves in sensitive population
was significantly different from those in resistant population.
Keywords: Crassocephalum crepidioides, Paraquat,Herbicide, Resistance
Universitas Sumatera Utara