Trip Japan Report Setyo Sutriono
REVIEW BEST PRACTICES IN JAPAN
Executive 47
Setyo Sutriono - 120820160009
PROGRAMS STUDY MAGISTER MANAGEMENT
ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY
PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY
BANDUNG
2017
Each company in carrying out its business activities both companies occupied with the field of
administrations and products that have the similar objective of generating profits. What's more, the organization
additionally needs to give fulfillment to the consumer for the items or services that their produces, because
customer satisfaction becomes the benchmark of the success of the company in the product or service quality, and
desired by customer.
In accomplishing the correct showcasing technique and appropriate to apply, an company could see from
the advertising blend factor. This is vital in light of the fact that the advertising blend is one of the vital
contemplations of customers in settling on obtaining choices of an item. In the event that the organization is not
delicate to what is required by purchasers, then certainly the company will lose many opportunities to capture
consumers and items offered will be futile.
Advertising is one of the longest-running economies, and until now marketing has greatly affected the
accomplishment of an organization to get by in advertise share. Thusly, it is necessary advertising procedure that
can give influence to determine succeed or not in marketing its product. If the marketing strategy implemented by
the organization can showcase the items well, this would affect the organizations goals. Asakusa, located in Taito
Area, Tokyo, is a city that has prospered since the Edo Period. And still retain the feel of the old Town center of the
Edo Period and many tourists coming from Japan and outside Japan come to see it.
Senso-ji Temple is the oldest temple in Tokyo. In the courtyard of the temple, there is the Kaminari-mon Gate
which has a large Cho-chin (Japanese lantern) hanging there with the letters "雷 門". Nakamise (shop) is the oldest
shopping street on the road, Goju-no-tou (five-story pagoda), and Asakusa Temple is also worth seeing. This is a
place to visit if visitors ever come to Asakusa.
One of the most interesting of Sensoji Temple in Tokyo is the gate. It is said that this gate is guarded by the
Furai-jin namely the God of the Wind and the God of Lightning. Another iconic feature of the Sensoji Temple is the
presence of Kaminari-mon, the giant Lightning Gate. Do not miss the opportunity to capture the best moment
around the temple.Lined in front of Sensoji Temple, precisely on Nakamise-dori street, many Japanese souvenir
shops are sold. Easily we can find various kinds of souvenirs typical japan with a very affordable price. The sellers
who peddle the various souvenirs of this japanese majority are the retirees assisted by the child and their
grandson. Nevertheless the quality of the goods sold is very diverse and has excellent quality
.
Nakamise-dori street
Here are some types of souvenirs sold on Nakamise-dori street:
Mini Lanterns
Many shops sell mini Lanterns around
Nakamise-dori street with various themes
that can be customized to our taste. The
shape is small and made of paper, it is
suitable to be purchased with large
quantities and made a souvenir for the
family at home.
Charms with Bells
Strap with this bell decoration many
people believe that if we save it will
give protection to our family. In
addition some people also believe the
object to be a talisman to grant what
we want to achieve in our personal
lives.
Wind chimes
This wind chimes is a symbol and
tradition of summer in Japan. Prior to
the air conditioner, the sound of the
bell was thought to cool the liver
during the summer. In addition, at the
time of "Hozuki Ichi" (lantern festival)
in early summer, this object is used as
a talisman to ward off misfortune and
bad things.
Tabi Socks
Then there are socks that are
insulated in the toes or called the
"tabi" model. There are sectional
for 5 fingers, and there are only
partitioned into 2, one part for
big toe and bulkhead for 4 fingers
rest. Comfort and unique sock
design has been well known in
Japan.
Chopsticks
One of the most important items in Japanese dining culture is chopsticks.
One of the famous "Morita" chopsticks makers of the elegant design, opened
a chopstick shop at Nakamise-dori. Chopstick is an object that the more you
use it then you will love it more. In addition, this object is also inseparable
from the daily life of Japanese society. In this Morita shop there is also a
service to carve your name in the chopsticks by paying 100 yen.
Furoshiki and Tenugui
Furoshiki is actually a cloth wrapping, but its use alone is
not limited to just those things. Similar to Furoshiki,
Tenugui can also be used for many things. For example, a
good quality lap and dry quickly, as a towel, as a lap for
the kitchen, you can even use it to wrap small objects.
Horifuda
For those of you who want unique souvenirs that pair
with your friends or girlfriends, here we recommend
to carve your name in Horifuda. You can also change
your name from Roman letters to Japanese
characters. This object is a unique wood carving, so
you can take it everywhere.
Katana
For boys, the most intriguing thing at Nakamisedori is a toy that resembles a samurai or katana
sword. These toys are very popular among
children because they can feel like ninja and
samurai. Near the sword katana toy is also a real
katana sword. It is sold as a collection of art and
very attractive to adult males.
Every souvenir that is sold in Nakamise-dori area has excellent quality, although only UMKM. Starting from
a very proportional shape, attractive design to the wrap with very neat make the cost incurred to buy a souvenir
feels very balanced with what we get. What we need to note is where the goods are sold as souvenirs have a very
strong Japanese cultural values. It is becoming one of the means to introduce and promote the culture that is
owned by them. Japanese society is known to maintain the cultural values of their ancestors, we also should always
preserve the positive culture of our ancestors became one of the identity of Indonesian society.
Cross Cultural Analysis Report
Japan (Japan) is the Sakura country, his administration pill is a realm headed by a sovereign (now Akihito).
japan is a constitutional country with the emperor is a leader of country, the prime minister as the head of
govermment. Japan was a shut condition of outside impact. Since 1854, during the shogunate powers of the
Shoguns to Mikado (emperor), the Japanese started to thrive. Shoguns are the ones who are given supreme power
by the lord to manage a region. The lord around then was concerned just with religion, living in a religious
community and considered a divine being.
Japan started to flourish after got the west impact. Japan managed to defeat Russia in 1904-1905 added to
the Japanese individuals' trust in his capacity. Toward the start of World War 2, Japan encountered a wonderful
triumph of war. In asia, All nations can be controlled by japan, including Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. Be
that as it may, in the long run Japan surrendered to the Allies after 2 big cities in japan, Hiroshima and Nagasaki
were besieged by the US nuclear bomb. Japan ended up plainly attacked once more. The financial circumstance has
fallen forcefully. Simply starting in 1950 Japan modify the nation. Because of the idea of high teach and diligent
work that enthusiastically, at that point Japan become back and turned out to be one of the exceedingly created
industrialized nations.
Being one of the most advanced countries in Asia, not making japanese leave their old identity. Japan still
retains the cultural values of their ancestors such as Wa (harmony) which means the spirit of teamwork and avoids
individual ego, Kao (reputation / face) which means avoiding confrontation and open criticism directly, Omoiyari
(loyalty) ie trust and common interest In the long run and still many values from japanese culture that became the
principle of life of japan society.
Japanese society never forget the events that occur in the past, they will use the incident to make the
learning in the future. It is seen with changes related to the concern for the environment of Japanese society. Many
think that the culture of garbage disposal and selection of waste that will be discarded has become a culture
derived by their ancestors. Apparently the assumption is wrong, the new Japanese community realized the
importance of environmental care or organize waste after the Minamata tregedi.
This tragedy occurred in 1959, the main economic sector in Minamata was fisheries. At that time reports
of the strange diseases in Minamata were very much admitted to the Kumamoto regional government, patients
suffering from convulsions, unable to speak clearly, staggered walking, paralysis, impaired movement coordination
and other nervous system work disorders. When observed by the environment, the cat also went mad, walked
around in circles, staggered, indeed, even told until the point that somebody bounced into the ocean. Beside that,
likewise seagulls and crows are dead and seen along the straight of Minamata.
What's worse is when children who are born with various symptoms, paralysis, disability, mental
retardation, and some even die a few days after birth. Though parents of the baby in good health, without showing
certain symptoms. This is a serious concern for local and central government. What is the cause of this strange
disease.
Kumamoto University Scientist (Medical examination gathering) and Health and Welfare Ministry of Japan
announced that on Minamata lake there has been methyl-mercury pollution. All ecosystem and many other in
Minamata lake are additionally contaminated, this is the primary driver of the populace encountering interruption
of the sensory system. By and large Minamata inhabitants devour angle a normal of 3 kg for every day, so this
causes bioaccumlation in patients. The reason for this contamination is a substantial production line called Chisso.
Chisso, established in 1908, is a production line that produces compound manures for agribusiness and
one of the significant industrial facilities occupied with this field in Japan. The economy in Minamata wound up
plainly solid in accordance with the improvement and the vast measure of mechanical generation by Chisso. In
addition to producing chemical fertilizers, Chisso also produces Acetic Acid (Acetic acid), Vinyl Chloryde and
plasticizers. In producing acetic acid, Chisso uses Methyl-mercury as a catalyst to make Acetaldehyde, this
Acetaldehyde which will later be converted to acetic acid. With a very bad sewage treatment system, Chisso dumps
Methyl-mercury squander into Minamata sound, which is the trailblazer of Minamata catastrophe.
Minamata catastrophe happens because of collection (Bioacumulasi) methyl-mercury substances in the
human body. The bioaccumulation procedure happens on the grounds that methyl-mercury substances have
entered the natural way of life; The contaminated ocean causes microscopic fish as nourishment for the fish is
likewise dirtied, at that point the methyl-mercury substances will amass in the fish body, and people will have the
most methyl mercury (Biomagnification).
Biomagnificatin and Bioaccumulation
Methyl-mercury in the body in large quantities will cause disturbances in the nervous system. Methylmercury will attack nerve cells. This process can be explained in general as follows; Nerve cells consisting of Actin,
Tubulin and Neurofibril. If this part is attacked by methyl-mercury then the actin and tubulin part will be damaged
and shrunk, so that the microfibril conveying the stimulation will be open, so there is a disturbance of the
mechanisms in the nervous system. As a result of this disruption of nerve cells is fatal, where the coordination of
the brain and other limbs become out of sync, any information conveyed by the brain will never fully reach the rest
of the body. This can be seen in the tragedy of Minamata where the sufferer is hard to talk, paralysis, staggered
walking, and other effects of a sysaraf disorder.
Approximately 17,000 people from Kumamoto Perfecture and Kagoshima Perfecture report to the
government related to the symptoms of Minamata Byō. For the total number of patients overall can not be done,
because many of them are embarrassed and do not report themselves. The Japanese government and Chisso
compensate the Minamata Byō sufferers, in the form of; Terapy, hospital care, and other compensation. Of the
large number of Minamata Byō sufferers, many die during the treatment, before treatment and other unreported
conditions.
After this incident, in the long process, the casualties influenced by mercury requested to the
administration and Chisso as the wellspring of this contamination. At last the legislature and Chisso give
remuneration to the casualties that have been collected, and done upkeep and recovery the finance by the
government and Chisso themself. Chisso in 1968 discontinued his acetic acid production, along with the mercury
levels contained in the bodies of fish and other marine invertebrate animals began to decline. To expect fish that
have been debased mercury, the Japanese government introduced a net in Minamata Bay, with the goal that fish
and other oceanic spineless creatures are not spread far.
Because fish containing mercury make the livelihood of fishermen lost. It is anticipated by the government
and Chisso, all the fishes in the net in Minamata Bay are caught by the fishermen, then the fish will be catched by
Chisso to be destroyed. The poison content found in fish and many other animal has decreased, even the catching
of fish that contain the mercury, then what about the mercury sedimentation at the bottom of the waters.
Kumamoto Local Government dredges in Minamata Bay.
From the moment of the tragedy of minamata, the inhabitants took many lessons. They do not throw
garbage in any place, but they sort and classify the waste into 20 categories. The victims of Minamata byo shared
their experience with the children by coming to the schools so that the next generation knew and could keep the
environment well, so that the Minamata tragedy would not happen again.
At this moment, the minamata bay is clean and free of mercury, as informed by the Kumamoto regional
government, even Minamata Bay is the cleanest bay in the Kumamoto prefecture. This area is also used as Ecotourism, which teaches us how to live healthy and keep the environment so that we and our children and
grandchildren can live in the future.
Recommendation:
We can take positive value on how the response by the government and the Japanese society in the face
of a very difficult conditions. They are not looking for who is wrong or looking for a scapegoat in relation to a
problem that is happening or that is worse taking advantage of the condition. But they reflect into themselves and
unite to find the best solution to solve the problem at hand.
The point that should be our focus is how the Japanese government and society take lessons from what
happens. Government with its function to take a position with new regulations related to waste or waste
treatment. Japanese society itself does not silence, in addition to supporting the regulations made by the Japanese
government, the community itself provides a debriefing of learning related tragedy to their young people so they
realize about the importance of disposing of waste in place. It indirectly creates a positive waste dumping culture
that gives long-term positive effects to the Japanese nation.
Company Visit Analysis Report
Waste is one of the complex problems faced by both developing and developed countries in the world.
The problem of waste is a common problem and has become a universal phenomenon in various countries
anywhere in the world, with the point of difference lies in how much waste is generated. Compared to other
developed countries, Japan's achievement in generating trash cannot be underestimated. Based on data in World
Bank (1999), it is known that the first position of waste production in the world in 1995 is the United States with an
average of 2 kg / capita / day, followed by Australia with 1.89 kg / capita / , Followed by Canada with 1.8 kg / capita
/ day in third position, then Finland's fourth position with 1.7 kg / capita / day, Iceland with 1.53 kg / capita / day in
fifth position, until finally Japan perform In sixth position representing the Asian region with 1.47 kg / capita / day
beating other developed countries.
Thus, it can be understood that Japan, which falls into the category of a country with a very dense
population and most industrial activities and its population centered in the city, is said to have a high average of
urban solid waste. If traced through its history, it can be seen that the cause of the high rate of solid urban solid
waste (kg / capita / day) produced in Japan is because Japan once experienced a long period of economic growth
that focused on mass production, mass consumption, and Mass disposal. The consequence is that Japan is currently
facing a host of pressing environmental issues, such as land shortage for landfill, and the threat of exhaustion of
natural resources for the foreseeable future. Not to mention, the difficulty of obtaining suitable land for final
disposal sites is increasing every year. So the Japanese government to implement some policies to manage the
waste with the organized we are familiar with the term 3R movement.
The 3R movement in question is the movement to reduce the amount of waste produced by 'Reduce', the
movement reuses waste components that can still be used 'Reuse', and the movement of recycling of second-hand
products as new resource 'Recycle'. The emphasis on the 3R movement in managing waste into useful goods has
been the main orientation in Japan, as it can also reduce the burden on landfills, also reduce the consumption of
natural resources, and lighten the burden on the environment.
Waste (by type) must be disposed of at a designated place, at 8 am, on a predetermined day. For Shinjuku,
Tokyo, garbage is divided into categories: combustible garbage (kitchen waste, small papers, small pieces of wood,
diapers, cigarette butts, etc.), non-combustible (metal, rubber, Leather, plastic bags, small gas cylinders for small
gas stoves placed on the table, etc.), and large garbage (not including air conditioning, TV, refrigerator, freezer,
washing machine and computer). For large garbage, an agreement must be made first, while for garbage in the
form of large electronic appliances there is a separate procedure associated with the manufacturer of the tool
concerned or the nearest agent.
The collection of various types of garbage at the specified collection sites is done in turns, for example
household waste is taken 3 times a week, container waste and plastic wrapping are taken once a week, etc. Each
household should place its garbage bags or pocket-free garbage such as newspapers of former bonds into the
various containers provided in landfills. And certain used items, such as batteries, must be collected or stored at a
designated location.
There are 6 different types of garbage with different landfills or shelters:
1.
2.
3.
Used newspapers, used magazines and the like (including brochures, wrapping paper, envelopes,
notebooks, candy boxes, milk boxes, cardboard). Newspapers, magazine, etc. Must be neatly tied
separately by type. Excludes bibs, plastic-coated paper, tissue, etc.
Bottles and cans (for food and drinks). Must be cleaned first. Discard bottles in yellow containers and cans
in blue containers. Do not wrap it in plastic. Small bottles are not included in this category, but include
non-combustible items.
PET plastic bottles (clear plastic bottles for drinks, sake, mirin, and soy sauce). Remove the lid and label,
rinse it for a while, then flip it. Discard bottles in special boxes provided at supermarkets and convenience
stores.
4.
5.
6.
Used batteries. There are collecting places for dry cell batteries, and flat batteries, nickel-cadmium or
nickel-hydrogen (rechargeable) batteries.
Milk carton box. Take out the contents, rinse briefly, cut open the box, let dry, then tie the boxes that have
been flaked with string. There are special places that provide shelters, such as supermarkets, local
government facilities, etc.
Styrofoam container used. Usually accommodated in collection boxes provided at supermarkets,
cooperative stores, etc.
In Japan itself in general, garbage is divided into 3 parts, namely:
1.
2.
3.
Burnable Waste
Unburnable Waste
Electronic waste
For burnable waste, it is currently managed by Shin-Koto Incineration Plant. Founded in 1994, with a land
area of 61,000 square meters and costs up to about 87,900,003,001 yen. It shows how serious the Japanese
government to manage waste in the country. Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is expected to be a solution in handling
waste treatment that can be burned.
In the early stages, all communities are required to sort the resulting waste into two categories: Burnable
and Unburnable. Garbage generated by nearly 9 million people (about 8000 tons per day) is then transported to
incineration plant for burnable waste and to recycle plant for unburnable waste every day. The waste that has been
sorted will make it easier for the government to process the waste later.
Burnable waste delivered to the incineration plant will be in a container in a place to go to the combustion
process with temperatures reaching 800 degrees Celsius. This technique not only effectively reduces the volume of
certain waste to almost 1/20 of the actual size, but also reduces the dioxin gas generated from combustion. In
addition, the incineration plant can change the heat energy generated from the combustion process used to supply
all the electricity needs in the incineration plant and the rest sold to the electricity supply company. Recorded local
authority income from this sale reached 78.6 million US dollars or nearly Rp. 1 trillion per year.
Here is the process after burnable garbage is picked up from community houses or commercial waste to
incineration plant:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The approaching waste is conveyed to the waste cremation plant and dumped into the holding range
The waste is then snatched and dropped into a container
From the container the waste is bit by bit bolstered into the incinerator
This incinerator keeps running at a scope of temperatures relying upon the sort of waste being burned.
The warmth from the burning of the waste is then used to warm up the working liquid (typically water) in
the kettle
The steam from this procedure is then channeled to a turbine generator to make power. The left finished
consumed squander and heaviest slag falls into a gathering range
Now an electromagnet can be utilized to get any left finished metals that could then be reused. The vent
gasses containing fine cinder and other poisonous vapors at that point go through a scrubber reactor
This scrubber treats the vent gasses for corrosive poisons, for example, SO2 and furthermore dioxins.
From the scrubber, the gasses would then be able to go through a fine particulate evacuation framework,
which can additionally decrease the poisonous quality of the pipe gasses
The vent gasses are then discharged through the fireplace stack.
Not only that, this incineration plant also produce ash and fine aggregate which used as materials mix for
hardening pedestrian area, highway, and even building. Water with high temperature from the burning of this
waste is also used for the needs of tropical plant greenhouses.
Problems that occurred in Indonesia was not much different from what happened in Japan with tragedy
bay Minamata. It's just the response of the government, companies, and Japanese society is very good related to
waste problems. They take advantage of this disaster as a momentum to rise or even better. Japanese people really
learn from the incident and pass on to the next generation to become embedded into the culture to pay attention
to the cleanliness of the environment.
Indonesia people should learn a lot in Japanese society, that change will not be created if only rely on the
government alone. The Indonesian government should start creating serious waste-related systems. Creating a
policy that involves all existing elements by pressing the ego of self-interest will create a system that will be created
to run well. But to create a clean culture like in japan country is not easy, debriefing to the next generation is
needed as a first step to instill a sense of concern for the environment. For now, the existing educational system is
focused on developing the technical ability of each student regardless of the development of positive cultural
values that will be useful in a very long period of time.
References:
Clean Authority of Tokyo. 2017. Waste Report 2017: Towards a recycling-oriented society. Tokyo:
Clean Authority of Tokyo
https://theknightman.wordpress.com/2012/12/21/sebuah-pelajaran-dari-tragedi-minamata%E6%B0%B4%E4%BF%A3%E7%97%85-minama-byo/
https://matcha-jp.com/en/1019
Executive 47
Setyo Sutriono - 120820160009
PROGRAMS STUDY MAGISTER MANAGEMENT
ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY
PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY
BANDUNG
2017
Each company in carrying out its business activities both companies occupied with the field of
administrations and products that have the similar objective of generating profits. What's more, the organization
additionally needs to give fulfillment to the consumer for the items or services that their produces, because
customer satisfaction becomes the benchmark of the success of the company in the product or service quality, and
desired by customer.
In accomplishing the correct showcasing technique and appropriate to apply, an company could see from
the advertising blend factor. This is vital in light of the fact that the advertising blend is one of the vital
contemplations of customers in settling on obtaining choices of an item. In the event that the organization is not
delicate to what is required by purchasers, then certainly the company will lose many opportunities to capture
consumers and items offered will be futile.
Advertising is one of the longest-running economies, and until now marketing has greatly affected the
accomplishment of an organization to get by in advertise share. Thusly, it is necessary advertising procedure that
can give influence to determine succeed or not in marketing its product. If the marketing strategy implemented by
the organization can showcase the items well, this would affect the organizations goals. Asakusa, located in Taito
Area, Tokyo, is a city that has prospered since the Edo Period. And still retain the feel of the old Town center of the
Edo Period and many tourists coming from Japan and outside Japan come to see it.
Senso-ji Temple is the oldest temple in Tokyo. In the courtyard of the temple, there is the Kaminari-mon Gate
which has a large Cho-chin (Japanese lantern) hanging there with the letters "雷 門". Nakamise (shop) is the oldest
shopping street on the road, Goju-no-tou (five-story pagoda), and Asakusa Temple is also worth seeing. This is a
place to visit if visitors ever come to Asakusa.
One of the most interesting of Sensoji Temple in Tokyo is the gate. It is said that this gate is guarded by the
Furai-jin namely the God of the Wind and the God of Lightning. Another iconic feature of the Sensoji Temple is the
presence of Kaminari-mon, the giant Lightning Gate. Do not miss the opportunity to capture the best moment
around the temple.Lined in front of Sensoji Temple, precisely on Nakamise-dori street, many Japanese souvenir
shops are sold. Easily we can find various kinds of souvenirs typical japan with a very affordable price. The sellers
who peddle the various souvenirs of this japanese majority are the retirees assisted by the child and their
grandson. Nevertheless the quality of the goods sold is very diverse and has excellent quality
.
Nakamise-dori street
Here are some types of souvenirs sold on Nakamise-dori street:
Mini Lanterns
Many shops sell mini Lanterns around
Nakamise-dori street with various themes
that can be customized to our taste. The
shape is small and made of paper, it is
suitable to be purchased with large
quantities and made a souvenir for the
family at home.
Charms with Bells
Strap with this bell decoration many
people believe that if we save it will
give protection to our family. In
addition some people also believe the
object to be a talisman to grant what
we want to achieve in our personal
lives.
Wind chimes
This wind chimes is a symbol and
tradition of summer in Japan. Prior to
the air conditioner, the sound of the
bell was thought to cool the liver
during the summer. In addition, at the
time of "Hozuki Ichi" (lantern festival)
in early summer, this object is used as
a talisman to ward off misfortune and
bad things.
Tabi Socks
Then there are socks that are
insulated in the toes or called the
"tabi" model. There are sectional
for 5 fingers, and there are only
partitioned into 2, one part for
big toe and bulkhead for 4 fingers
rest. Comfort and unique sock
design has been well known in
Japan.
Chopsticks
One of the most important items in Japanese dining culture is chopsticks.
One of the famous "Morita" chopsticks makers of the elegant design, opened
a chopstick shop at Nakamise-dori. Chopstick is an object that the more you
use it then you will love it more. In addition, this object is also inseparable
from the daily life of Japanese society. In this Morita shop there is also a
service to carve your name in the chopsticks by paying 100 yen.
Furoshiki and Tenugui
Furoshiki is actually a cloth wrapping, but its use alone is
not limited to just those things. Similar to Furoshiki,
Tenugui can also be used for many things. For example, a
good quality lap and dry quickly, as a towel, as a lap for
the kitchen, you can even use it to wrap small objects.
Horifuda
For those of you who want unique souvenirs that pair
with your friends or girlfriends, here we recommend
to carve your name in Horifuda. You can also change
your name from Roman letters to Japanese
characters. This object is a unique wood carving, so
you can take it everywhere.
Katana
For boys, the most intriguing thing at Nakamisedori is a toy that resembles a samurai or katana
sword. These toys are very popular among
children because they can feel like ninja and
samurai. Near the sword katana toy is also a real
katana sword. It is sold as a collection of art and
very attractive to adult males.
Every souvenir that is sold in Nakamise-dori area has excellent quality, although only UMKM. Starting from
a very proportional shape, attractive design to the wrap with very neat make the cost incurred to buy a souvenir
feels very balanced with what we get. What we need to note is where the goods are sold as souvenirs have a very
strong Japanese cultural values. It is becoming one of the means to introduce and promote the culture that is
owned by them. Japanese society is known to maintain the cultural values of their ancestors, we also should always
preserve the positive culture of our ancestors became one of the identity of Indonesian society.
Cross Cultural Analysis Report
Japan (Japan) is the Sakura country, his administration pill is a realm headed by a sovereign (now Akihito).
japan is a constitutional country with the emperor is a leader of country, the prime minister as the head of
govermment. Japan was a shut condition of outside impact. Since 1854, during the shogunate powers of the
Shoguns to Mikado (emperor), the Japanese started to thrive. Shoguns are the ones who are given supreme power
by the lord to manage a region. The lord around then was concerned just with religion, living in a religious
community and considered a divine being.
Japan started to flourish after got the west impact. Japan managed to defeat Russia in 1904-1905 added to
the Japanese individuals' trust in his capacity. Toward the start of World War 2, Japan encountered a wonderful
triumph of war. In asia, All nations can be controlled by japan, including Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. Be
that as it may, in the long run Japan surrendered to the Allies after 2 big cities in japan, Hiroshima and Nagasaki
were besieged by the US nuclear bomb. Japan ended up plainly attacked once more. The financial circumstance has
fallen forcefully. Simply starting in 1950 Japan modify the nation. Because of the idea of high teach and diligent
work that enthusiastically, at that point Japan become back and turned out to be one of the exceedingly created
industrialized nations.
Being one of the most advanced countries in Asia, not making japanese leave their old identity. Japan still
retains the cultural values of their ancestors such as Wa (harmony) which means the spirit of teamwork and avoids
individual ego, Kao (reputation / face) which means avoiding confrontation and open criticism directly, Omoiyari
(loyalty) ie trust and common interest In the long run and still many values from japanese culture that became the
principle of life of japan society.
Japanese society never forget the events that occur in the past, they will use the incident to make the
learning in the future. It is seen with changes related to the concern for the environment of Japanese society. Many
think that the culture of garbage disposal and selection of waste that will be discarded has become a culture
derived by their ancestors. Apparently the assumption is wrong, the new Japanese community realized the
importance of environmental care or organize waste after the Minamata tregedi.
This tragedy occurred in 1959, the main economic sector in Minamata was fisheries. At that time reports
of the strange diseases in Minamata were very much admitted to the Kumamoto regional government, patients
suffering from convulsions, unable to speak clearly, staggered walking, paralysis, impaired movement coordination
and other nervous system work disorders. When observed by the environment, the cat also went mad, walked
around in circles, staggered, indeed, even told until the point that somebody bounced into the ocean. Beside that,
likewise seagulls and crows are dead and seen along the straight of Minamata.
What's worse is when children who are born with various symptoms, paralysis, disability, mental
retardation, and some even die a few days after birth. Though parents of the baby in good health, without showing
certain symptoms. This is a serious concern for local and central government. What is the cause of this strange
disease.
Kumamoto University Scientist (Medical examination gathering) and Health and Welfare Ministry of Japan
announced that on Minamata lake there has been methyl-mercury pollution. All ecosystem and many other in
Minamata lake are additionally contaminated, this is the primary driver of the populace encountering interruption
of the sensory system. By and large Minamata inhabitants devour angle a normal of 3 kg for every day, so this
causes bioaccumlation in patients. The reason for this contamination is a substantial production line called Chisso.
Chisso, established in 1908, is a production line that produces compound manures for agribusiness and
one of the significant industrial facilities occupied with this field in Japan. The economy in Minamata wound up
plainly solid in accordance with the improvement and the vast measure of mechanical generation by Chisso. In
addition to producing chemical fertilizers, Chisso also produces Acetic Acid (Acetic acid), Vinyl Chloryde and
plasticizers. In producing acetic acid, Chisso uses Methyl-mercury as a catalyst to make Acetaldehyde, this
Acetaldehyde which will later be converted to acetic acid. With a very bad sewage treatment system, Chisso dumps
Methyl-mercury squander into Minamata sound, which is the trailblazer of Minamata catastrophe.
Minamata catastrophe happens because of collection (Bioacumulasi) methyl-mercury substances in the
human body. The bioaccumulation procedure happens on the grounds that methyl-mercury substances have
entered the natural way of life; The contaminated ocean causes microscopic fish as nourishment for the fish is
likewise dirtied, at that point the methyl-mercury substances will amass in the fish body, and people will have the
most methyl mercury (Biomagnification).
Biomagnificatin and Bioaccumulation
Methyl-mercury in the body in large quantities will cause disturbances in the nervous system. Methylmercury will attack nerve cells. This process can be explained in general as follows; Nerve cells consisting of Actin,
Tubulin and Neurofibril. If this part is attacked by methyl-mercury then the actin and tubulin part will be damaged
and shrunk, so that the microfibril conveying the stimulation will be open, so there is a disturbance of the
mechanisms in the nervous system. As a result of this disruption of nerve cells is fatal, where the coordination of
the brain and other limbs become out of sync, any information conveyed by the brain will never fully reach the rest
of the body. This can be seen in the tragedy of Minamata where the sufferer is hard to talk, paralysis, staggered
walking, and other effects of a sysaraf disorder.
Approximately 17,000 people from Kumamoto Perfecture and Kagoshima Perfecture report to the
government related to the symptoms of Minamata Byō. For the total number of patients overall can not be done,
because many of them are embarrassed and do not report themselves. The Japanese government and Chisso
compensate the Minamata Byō sufferers, in the form of; Terapy, hospital care, and other compensation. Of the
large number of Minamata Byō sufferers, many die during the treatment, before treatment and other unreported
conditions.
After this incident, in the long process, the casualties influenced by mercury requested to the
administration and Chisso as the wellspring of this contamination. At last the legislature and Chisso give
remuneration to the casualties that have been collected, and done upkeep and recovery the finance by the
government and Chisso themself. Chisso in 1968 discontinued his acetic acid production, along with the mercury
levels contained in the bodies of fish and other marine invertebrate animals began to decline. To expect fish that
have been debased mercury, the Japanese government introduced a net in Minamata Bay, with the goal that fish
and other oceanic spineless creatures are not spread far.
Because fish containing mercury make the livelihood of fishermen lost. It is anticipated by the government
and Chisso, all the fishes in the net in Minamata Bay are caught by the fishermen, then the fish will be catched by
Chisso to be destroyed. The poison content found in fish and many other animal has decreased, even the catching
of fish that contain the mercury, then what about the mercury sedimentation at the bottom of the waters.
Kumamoto Local Government dredges in Minamata Bay.
From the moment of the tragedy of minamata, the inhabitants took many lessons. They do not throw
garbage in any place, but they sort and classify the waste into 20 categories. The victims of Minamata byo shared
their experience with the children by coming to the schools so that the next generation knew and could keep the
environment well, so that the Minamata tragedy would not happen again.
At this moment, the minamata bay is clean and free of mercury, as informed by the Kumamoto regional
government, even Minamata Bay is the cleanest bay in the Kumamoto prefecture. This area is also used as Ecotourism, which teaches us how to live healthy and keep the environment so that we and our children and
grandchildren can live in the future.
Recommendation:
We can take positive value on how the response by the government and the Japanese society in the face
of a very difficult conditions. They are not looking for who is wrong or looking for a scapegoat in relation to a
problem that is happening or that is worse taking advantage of the condition. But they reflect into themselves and
unite to find the best solution to solve the problem at hand.
The point that should be our focus is how the Japanese government and society take lessons from what
happens. Government with its function to take a position with new regulations related to waste or waste
treatment. Japanese society itself does not silence, in addition to supporting the regulations made by the Japanese
government, the community itself provides a debriefing of learning related tragedy to their young people so they
realize about the importance of disposing of waste in place. It indirectly creates a positive waste dumping culture
that gives long-term positive effects to the Japanese nation.
Company Visit Analysis Report
Waste is one of the complex problems faced by both developing and developed countries in the world.
The problem of waste is a common problem and has become a universal phenomenon in various countries
anywhere in the world, with the point of difference lies in how much waste is generated. Compared to other
developed countries, Japan's achievement in generating trash cannot be underestimated. Based on data in World
Bank (1999), it is known that the first position of waste production in the world in 1995 is the United States with an
average of 2 kg / capita / day, followed by Australia with 1.89 kg / capita / , Followed by Canada with 1.8 kg / capita
/ day in third position, then Finland's fourth position with 1.7 kg / capita / day, Iceland with 1.53 kg / capita / day in
fifth position, until finally Japan perform In sixth position representing the Asian region with 1.47 kg / capita / day
beating other developed countries.
Thus, it can be understood that Japan, which falls into the category of a country with a very dense
population and most industrial activities and its population centered in the city, is said to have a high average of
urban solid waste. If traced through its history, it can be seen that the cause of the high rate of solid urban solid
waste (kg / capita / day) produced in Japan is because Japan once experienced a long period of economic growth
that focused on mass production, mass consumption, and Mass disposal. The consequence is that Japan is currently
facing a host of pressing environmental issues, such as land shortage for landfill, and the threat of exhaustion of
natural resources for the foreseeable future. Not to mention, the difficulty of obtaining suitable land for final
disposal sites is increasing every year. So the Japanese government to implement some policies to manage the
waste with the organized we are familiar with the term 3R movement.
The 3R movement in question is the movement to reduce the amount of waste produced by 'Reduce', the
movement reuses waste components that can still be used 'Reuse', and the movement of recycling of second-hand
products as new resource 'Recycle'. The emphasis on the 3R movement in managing waste into useful goods has
been the main orientation in Japan, as it can also reduce the burden on landfills, also reduce the consumption of
natural resources, and lighten the burden on the environment.
Waste (by type) must be disposed of at a designated place, at 8 am, on a predetermined day. For Shinjuku,
Tokyo, garbage is divided into categories: combustible garbage (kitchen waste, small papers, small pieces of wood,
diapers, cigarette butts, etc.), non-combustible (metal, rubber, Leather, plastic bags, small gas cylinders for small
gas stoves placed on the table, etc.), and large garbage (not including air conditioning, TV, refrigerator, freezer,
washing machine and computer). For large garbage, an agreement must be made first, while for garbage in the
form of large electronic appliances there is a separate procedure associated with the manufacturer of the tool
concerned or the nearest agent.
The collection of various types of garbage at the specified collection sites is done in turns, for example
household waste is taken 3 times a week, container waste and plastic wrapping are taken once a week, etc. Each
household should place its garbage bags or pocket-free garbage such as newspapers of former bonds into the
various containers provided in landfills. And certain used items, such as batteries, must be collected or stored at a
designated location.
There are 6 different types of garbage with different landfills or shelters:
1.
2.
3.
Used newspapers, used magazines and the like (including brochures, wrapping paper, envelopes,
notebooks, candy boxes, milk boxes, cardboard). Newspapers, magazine, etc. Must be neatly tied
separately by type. Excludes bibs, plastic-coated paper, tissue, etc.
Bottles and cans (for food and drinks). Must be cleaned first. Discard bottles in yellow containers and cans
in blue containers. Do not wrap it in plastic. Small bottles are not included in this category, but include
non-combustible items.
PET plastic bottles (clear plastic bottles for drinks, sake, mirin, and soy sauce). Remove the lid and label,
rinse it for a while, then flip it. Discard bottles in special boxes provided at supermarkets and convenience
stores.
4.
5.
6.
Used batteries. There are collecting places for dry cell batteries, and flat batteries, nickel-cadmium or
nickel-hydrogen (rechargeable) batteries.
Milk carton box. Take out the contents, rinse briefly, cut open the box, let dry, then tie the boxes that have
been flaked with string. There are special places that provide shelters, such as supermarkets, local
government facilities, etc.
Styrofoam container used. Usually accommodated in collection boxes provided at supermarkets,
cooperative stores, etc.
In Japan itself in general, garbage is divided into 3 parts, namely:
1.
2.
3.
Burnable Waste
Unburnable Waste
Electronic waste
For burnable waste, it is currently managed by Shin-Koto Incineration Plant. Founded in 1994, with a land
area of 61,000 square meters and costs up to about 87,900,003,001 yen. It shows how serious the Japanese
government to manage waste in the country. Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is expected to be a solution in handling
waste treatment that can be burned.
In the early stages, all communities are required to sort the resulting waste into two categories: Burnable
and Unburnable. Garbage generated by nearly 9 million people (about 8000 tons per day) is then transported to
incineration plant for burnable waste and to recycle plant for unburnable waste every day. The waste that has been
sorted will make it easier for the government to process the waste later.
Burnable waste delivered to the incineration plant will be in a container in a place to go to the combustion
process with temperatures reaching 800 degrees Celsius. This technique not only effectively reduces the volume of
certain waste to almost 1/20 of the actual size, but also reduces the dioxin gas generated from combustion. In
addition, the incineration plant can change the heat energy generated from the combustion process used to supply
all the electricity needs in the incineration plant and the rest sold to the electricity supply company. Recorded local
authority income from this sale reached 78.6 million US dollars or nearly Rp. 1 trillion per year.
Here is the process after burnable garbage is picked up from community houses or commercial waste to
incineration plant:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The approaching waste is conveyed to the waste cremation plant and dumped into the holding range
The waste is then snatched and dropped into a container
From the container the waste is bit by bit bolstered into the incinerator
This incinerator keeps running at a scope of temperatures relying upon the sort of waste being burned.
The warmth from the burning of the waste is then used to warm up the working liquid (typically water) in
the kettle
The steam from this procedure is then channeled to a turbine generator to make power. The left finished
consumed squander and heaviest slag falls into a gathering range
Now an electromagnet can be utilized to get any left finished metals that could then be reused. The vent
gasses containing fine cinder and other poisonous vapors at that point go through a scrubber reactor
This scrubber treats the vent gasses for corrosive poisons, for example, SO2 and furthermore dioxins.
From the scrubber, the gasses would then be able to go through a fine particulate evacuation framework,
which can additionally decrease the poisonous quality of the pipe gasses
The vent gasses are then discharged through the fireplace stack.
Not only that, this incineration plant also produce ash and fine aggregate which used as materials mix for
hardening pedestrian area, highway, and even building. Water with high temperature from the burning of this
waste is also used for the needs of tropical plant greenhouses.
Problems that occurred in Indonesia was not much different from what happened in Japan with tragedy
bay Minamata. It's just the response of the government, companies, and Japanese society is very good related to
waste problems. They take advantage of this disaster as a momentum to rise or even better. Japanese people really
learn from the incident and pass on to the next generation to become embedded into the culture to pay attention
to the cleanliness of the environment.
Indonesia people should learn a lot in Japanese society, that change will not be created if only rely on the
government alone. The Indonesian government should start creating serious waste-related systems. Creating a
policy that involves all existing elements by pressing the ego of self-interest will create a system that will be created
to run well. But to create a clean culture like in japan country is not easy, debriefing to the next generation is
needed as a first step to instill a sense of concern for the environment. For now, the existing educational system is
focused on developing the technical ability of each student regardless of the development of positive cultural
values that will be useful in a very long period of time.
References:
Clean Authority of Tokyo. 2017. Waste Report 2017: Towards a recycling-oriented society. Tokyo:
Clean Authority of Tokyo
https://theknightman.wordpress.com/2012/12/21/sebuah-pelajaran-dari-tragedi-minamata%E6%B0%B4%E4%BF%A3%E7%97%85-minama-byo/
https://matcha-jp.com/en/1019