Phenotype and Phylogenetic Studies of Local Cattle in Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia - repository civitas UGM

LIST OF CONTENTS

PREFACE
REPORT FROM ORCANIZING COMMITTEE

WELCOMEADDRESS
OPENINGREMARKS
LIST OF CONTENTS,

v!

PARTI
PLENARYSESSION
L

2.

3.

4


5

6

7.

8

L

A s i a . l i v c s t o . k :O p p o r t u r r i t i ecsh. a l l e n g c s . n d
iheresponse
Vn'oj Ahuja

1

5

Cartleexteosionpk)granrsand reseafchfor ftopicalagri.ulrure
Dale R. ZoBell..


6

10

T h e r e ! o h i n g f u n d s v n e mi s u s t a i n a b l e . o m m u n idt ve l e l o p m e n l
Grant Davidsona
, nd E.R.Orskov .......

11

18

Intensificarionofssrallhold.r livesrockprcduction:k it sunairable?
Hendrik M.J. Udo and Fokje Steenstra

19 26

The deielopmenrof llanish agriculrureaud agribusinessI Lessodsto be leaioedin a
global pe.spcctive

H€uni g Otte Hansen and I\'logensLund . .....

27

35

Genome resear.h of gur ba.ter ia, ho\r' ro anaL\zeand horr to applv?
T o h r u S u z u k i ,K o u t a S a k a g u c h ia, n d K a z u m a s aY a s u i . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . .

36

l{l

A.inal prodLrctionh Thnilud: ChallcngesaDdpotentiah h global narkcr
Yanin OpatFtanakit

41

49


I m p r o l e n r e nor l f . r a g . q r a l i r vb v m e a n so l n r o l e . u l a b
. . c q l i r g i D t r o p i c a gl f a s s e s
Takahiro Gondo. Genki lshigaki, Yasuyo Himufo, Naffatul UDani and Ryo Akashi

50

50

Ad\an.c r.s.af.h ln farir(io! ard hrahhl food f'onr aninralpfodrc6 aDri|lgJrcIsivc
p e p t i d e sd . r i \ . d f f o n r e a rp r o t e i l h . - d r o l \ s a r . s
Nlichio Nlugururna, Jan rari, Yu t Erlvanto, and Saforhi Kalvahara .. ... .. ... .

57

63

SUPPORTING
PAPERS
Animal Feedand Nutrition
1


2

Erplorarion
of p.d).,geni!
andro. I'!rhog.ni.I,ungion Allalfa(,Vedt.ago
5arr(,Ll
Turrini Yudiarti.Su rar'1oo. andDidiklvisnu Widjajanto..... .. ...

64 67

Orgarric
fertilizcr
rp|li.arionon pefforman.e
andprodu.ri(nr
of kinggras5
rn acidsoil
S u l a l . s o n o , S y a i f u l A ' l r ' ! a r . D i d i k l v n r r u W n t a j a n t o , a n d S u sti ol o. .B. u
. .d. .i .y.a


l]8 7l

\tr

3

I

5.

Thc clfc.r of using earth\rofrr (lrl,lr itus tubellul nrealadditi\es as gfowth
l)ronurc.5 on prinrin digesribiLnvand lrirfonrance of intes ul villi
Hardi Julendra, Zuprizal. and Supadmo
F e f r n e n l a ( i oonf J a t r o p h ak r r n { l c r k e ( - / a to' / r 1 r.a{ r r . . ' . sl . ) u s i n g v a . i a l i e s o f f u n g i o n s
c h e n r i r acLo m p o s i r i o n s . . o n . c n r u r i oorf rp h o f b o L e s l eafr.d d j g c s t i b i l i t l
Fatnnsari. Hari Ha.tadi. and R. Djoko Soetris

, Lies Nlna Ytlriati. R{sman. and Umar Santoso

T0 8R


89

ill

r sn dt o l a lg a sp r o d u . r i o no l { ) m c r u r x ! p n n r . i { { l 1 : l p r c r c i n
FlrnJIaliur pararnetea

Lilis Hartati, Ali Agrs. Budi P.asetyoWidyobroto,Lies Nlira Yusiati
7

78

L f f e c ro l p r o t e c t e d
. r u d . l d | n o i l o t l n n r e m i f r . , b i a l a c l n i t i e sa n d m e l l u n e
Naflv C. Tile

ii.

72


95 98

Dieta.\ .n{Jg\ utilizarion of Lo.al Sheepfed,:omplci. fefd .onsisting ofaltriculru.al
and agfoindustial bv produ.ts
E. Purbowati. C.I. Sutrisoo, E. Baliarti. S.P.S.Budhi. W. Lestariana, A.
.... ......... 99
P u r n o m o a d i .a n d M . S . M u b a r o k . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

103

8.

R€ductionofph\1i. a.id ard aflatoxin.ontem ol rice bra tlrroughlennentaiion
chitnr wane addition
/ntzoprs spp Combined$ilh dcproteinaLed
A h m a d S o f y a n ,E m a D a n a l a n t i a d H a r d i J u l e n d r a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 4 1 0 8

I


Iroplenenlatio offernrerred fi.e bfan as fla\or eDhan.craddiliv{rand its effect on fccd
utilization and .altle pcrfornartce
L . I s t i q o m a h .A . F e b r i s i a n t o s aA, . S o f y a n ,a n d E . D a r n a y a n t i. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

.109 lll

10.

The use oi ku r€ grass (so€hLrn plunrosumvar. Timorensc)bioconvcrleds,ilh whiteroi fungi (pleurorusostreatG) f€d on Local Coat in EastNusa Tenggara
S . C h u n u , T . O . D a d D a t o . N I . A . H i l a k o r e , J . J . A . R a t u w a l o e . a n d Y . L . H e n u k . . . .1. .1. 5
. 117

ll.

T h e u s eo f l o c a l f o d d e rb a s e ds u p p l e n r e n
a rn d a g . i c u l t u r abl ! - p r o d u c tI b r c a t t l e
Y.U.L. Sobang, S. Fattah. G.A.M. Xristina Dewi, J.J.A. Ratuwaloe, and Y.L.
Hen(lk

118 120


T h . u s . o f k u n r cg r a s sl s o r g h u r li l u n o s u m \ a f t i m o r c n s e Ji o s u b s t i t u tkei f l g g f a s s
(txrtrri!.rum purpurcplloidcs)le(l on Bali Carrl€in Iasl Nusa I enggara
T.O. Dami Dato, S. Ghunu, Nl.A. Hilakor€, J.J.A. Ratuwaloe, and Y.L. H€ uk ... .. .

tzi

T h c u s co l z r o l i r . i n l o s p r o r e i ldl i e t a d d € d\ r ' i t hc r i t i . a l a n r i n oa c i d st o r e d u c ep o l l u l j o n
. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
C a n d r a E l i a P u s p a s a . iW
. i h a n d o y o .a n d S u p a d ' t o

121 148

l.ff€cls of substitLrtio|of Fli]phanrgrassb\ .orn naste and coffee puLpas basaldiel oo
n u l r i e n ri n t a k ea n dd i g e s t j b i L i tr)n ! o u n g m a l e0 n g o l e . f o s s t r r . d. i r l . D i r k y
Pa rungkas, Ristianto Utomo, Nono Ngadiyono. and Nluhammad Winugroho

129 13'l


l2

13.

l1

15. Lffectof lacticacidbactefiaino.ulants appll.ationsto dn qualit\ and chctrriial
corrposirion
silage\!ast. of .arror PLa t (rdu.r/s.;1dr)
Badat luuwaklid .
16.

l7.

t23

135 r40

T h e . o n r e n to f p h v l o e n f o g e o
n n l e g u n x pi l d n t s
Balseba Ir{.W. Tiro, S rvijiyo Pramono. Hari Hartadi, Djoko Soenis o, aird
F r t d a n gB a l i a r t i

l4t

C h c n r i . a l. o r n p o l i r i o na l l d d i g e s r i b i l i l \ { hL , t / r )o f c o c o ap o d h r l s k{ l r e o b r a ) a c o c a a l )
lef nre red $ith a?eGillr.r r€e.
F . F . M u i e r . t ' 1 .H a r t a d i , a n d I . G . S .B u d i s a t r i a

116 t51

1i5

18.

l9

20.

21.

22

23.

21.

25

26

I n t a k ca n d d i g c s r i b i l i rr\ , f f e e di n l a n r bo f S u m i l e r a. o m p o s i t eb r e e d\ \ h f n t h c
c o m n n r . i a l. o n . . r r r r i : d i u L $ e r e s u b s r i t u t ebdt g l i r i c i d i ad a nr i c e b r a n
D w i Y u l i s t i a n ia n d W i s r i P u a s t u t i. .
Feoren(ati\e gas p rdLrctionof diff.r.nr fd:ds collected duri g \!€t and dl.\ seasons
{hen inrubaled qilh mmen fluid fronr RusaTxnor (CerL?s.rroretsisl
N{. S. Arifuddnr, R. Utorno, H. Hartadi. atrd Damry

155 158

1511 l{il

E { T e . to f f e d c o r r p l € r €f e e dp l u so n q u . l i r y a D dm i l k p r o d u c t i o lo l d a i r \ c o $
Ristianlo Utomo, B.P. Widyobroto, L.NL Yusiati, R.A. Rihastuli. S-P.S.Budhi,
andv.K. Dewi. .. ..

165 171)

Lfitrgaspn
u l i n r o f f e f o r e n t e d . a c af.o d ( l r . o r l , , r a . , . : r d ) a d d e d! ' i t l r
. e l l u k n l r i . i r r ) . u l u n rl i o r c a u l er u r n e f l u i d
C h u s n u l H a n n. L . N l . Y u s i a t i . a n d V . P . B u d t a s t u t i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l7l

H i b i s c u sS . h i z o p . r a l u s! s s a p o i l r : i o u r c e .r c d u c € p r o t o z o an u m b e ' a n d i D c r e a s c
nricfubialprotein s\nthcsis on h lirro sheepnuren ternrentalion
177
Asih Kurniawati and Nafiatul Umami .

176

182

The effe.r of gL!icidLaor nrixturc of fjce bran and .opra m.al suppl. eruariol on feed
i n t a k c d i g e s r i b i l i rav n dl i \ e w e i S h tg a i ! o f € a r h w e a n e dl l a l i C a l \ e sf e d A \ f u l a t o
grass
Ma|setyo, N{uha nnad Ilyas Mumu, and Yohan Rusiyantono

183 188

A comparisonoffeeding managemeDt
practicesofbeel caitle srnallholdersin lo$'land
a n d u p l a n ds i t e si n F l a sJt a v a
Vyta W. Hairifah, A. Pdyanti. LG.A.P. Mah€nd.i, and R.A. Cramb

189 195

The effect ofkerepen8 cira leaf (.?ssra a1a.dl) as a sou..e of anrhraquinon..
m e d r a n o g € r e si insh i b i t o ra g € n r o n r u n r e o
m i c f o b i a l p r o t e isni r t h c s i sf o r b c e i c a t i l ei n
Sedlo Rukun larrrer group
Lies Mira Yusiati. Zaenal Bachmdnt. Chusnul Ha im, and Lila Iodriana . . . . ... ... .

196 200

lhe effectsoffeed |estricrions€leritl on.ompcnsator] giowLh of goat kids ln tlushehl
Mahmoud Dashtizadeh.Azizollah Kamalzadeh. N{oliamnad Hadi Sadeshi, A'ni.

ArsalanKanali. and Abdclnehdi Kabirifard

241 2A1

27

Fem. rtation qurIiIr of king grass(P.,,/s.lrl,r Parpolddproide-rJ
eosiled\1ith
'.
q
r
.
'
,
,
'
f
1
,
|
|
'
,
r
r
n
t
,
r
r
'
r
:
,
,
"t'rt
. ......... 208 2l'1
B.Sartoso
B.. l j . H a r i a d i lH
, . M a f l i ka d H . A b u b a k a r . . . . . . . . . .

28

lhe effeftof riethilrnine
prcdu.Iiorto.lirnirdleallaro)iin
Bl loxicil)
on glulalhjon
Yunianta,Ali Agus,Noryono,and Zuprizal

2t5 224

I i j . e b . . r f e n n F n l a l i . rtne c n o l o g \a n d s o \ a b . a n o i l s u p l c n r e l t a t i oonf t r a n s f € f
p r o t e . t i o nf a ( \ a c r l o r r e g a3 o f u n s a r L u a t ef ad ( I va c i d s . o n i . no f r n i l k d a i r l . o \ r
S dibya ............

22t 228

2!l

:J(l

CroNrlr ferforman.e .nd blood profile of afri.:an.at llsh ted stleel potaro lipanlaea
l]ararrr) leal nx al
...... ....... 227 232
OlaniyC
i h r i s t i a n aO
h l u d a y o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3i

Applicarioo
n i r o r n p l e r ef e e df o m r u l a t e df f o r na g r i c u l l U rbe\ . p f t r d u c Lrsi t h
und$gradfd prorein supplemenratidror b(a,l.aLlle produclivitv
Barnbang Suhartanto, B.P. Widyobroto, I.G.S. B(ldisatria, (ustantinah, and R.
Utomo.....

233 2.18

32.

33

31.

35

36

T h c f | | c . r o f B r e r t r d f { r a c i ( . e r ] e l l t i t r . r r b ) s u p p l c t r r e n r a r ioonnb l o o dp . o f i l e s
a n dl \ ) i d o x i d a t n Di n b r o i l c r si . d L i g I p u l a d i . r
I s t i A s t u t i . S u p a d m o ,S u g e n gR i y a r t o , S u t r i y a d i . . . . . . . .
....

239 ?12

s n d f u m e n. o n i e n ts i l a g e
I h e r o l e o f L , r . I i .a . i d b a c t e r i ao n s i l a g ed u . a t i o np r o c e s a
qualil!
Isnandar. R. Utomo. S. Chuza€ni. E. Sutarirnrgsih, and L.M. Yusiati

243

Replacng trrzoseIr.-.om grainsrirnpncton rrutrientsutilizarion alld $eight g:in i!
g.o\irg buffalo.al\.s
M.N-isa.M.Aasif Shahzad, a d M.Sanvar .. .. .. .

250 25t)

N u t r i { I r s u t i l i z a r i o nn. l r r o g e nd v n . , n n s ! r ( l \ 1 , i g h rg a i ni n g . ( ^ \ ' i n gb u f i r l . c . l \ e s f e d
gradedfepla.e rent of urea bl conr sl€epliquor
M . A a s i f s h a h z a d ,I U . N i s a ,a n d M . S a r w a . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. . . . . ..

251 261

Productxn and nutriti\. value of nrulber.\ ha] as potdrtial feed suppl.m.nr for
Z.A. Jelanaod A.R. Alim

37.

249

...

The rct.ntxD of copper in shcep fed palnr k..ncl cakc supplemenledwith
m o h t d c n u m m o l y b d e n u mp l u ss u l p h u ra n dz i n .
A.R. Alimon,R.A. Al-kirshi a d Z.A. Jelan . .. .
. . . .. . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . . . . .

262 265

266 268

38.

Utilizarion olcor|plel( feed bascdoo lirme ted rice st.aN for auslralian.onnner.ial
crosssteeron ca.cassand o'€al qualirv
B a m b a o gS u w i g n y o .R i s t i a n t oU t o m o .Y u n y E r w a n t o a n d A l i A g u s . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
. 69 213

39.

The measurementofrate ofpassage sing differert pairs olalkane as nrrkc.s for shecp
fed hay or liesh grass
A . K u s t a n t i n a h ,R . W . M a y € s .a n d E . R . O r s k o v. .
. . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. . .

10.

274 281

Aflaroxin nll excretiol in th€ nrilk of tropical dairt co$ fed contaornrared
allaioxin b1
i n t h ed i e t
A l i A g u s . L K h u l u q . L S u m a n t r i , C . t . N o v i a n d i ,a d N u r y o n o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. .8. 2 . 2 8 5

Poultry Production
1.

T h . i n r . f a . r i . r o f d i e { a r \i ! s i e a n d t € n p e r a t u r o
e e g g l a ) i g p e r f b m r a n . co f t r . o i l c l
A b d o l a m e e rA I . S a f T a r.

2

............... 2tl6 290

Dig|stibl. rr€lhionine fequif€lrrentforp€rlor ranceard carcassl'1(td ofL,turilcrfirjshef

N.G.A.Nlulyantnri
3.

4

5

R.sour.e Lrseeffi.ienc) iI] poulrrl produ.tio in Burcti Dlstri.t Kerla
N g € n oV i r c e n r . B . K . L a g a t . M . K . K o r i r , E . K . N g e n o ,M . J K i p s a t . . .

29t 295

.. .... .. ...... 2!16 302

1, L?ro e\dhatior of phvtogcni. potcnria|of seedffom nrango (,tfa/,.qrleiutdl.r,.
mofirga (-lfDrlua o// rrril afld $\frr apple (Arroru sqoarrosa)fof poultfl
Rnsdi, Asriani tlasan(ddnr, Ros iaty Arief.. .

303

307

T h e e f f e c ro f a d d n r g\ i r r n r i n f C r r r d F I n r a t i ! e c h i c k e ns e m e ne x t e n d esr t o r a g . i a
l l
LiJrln.aturc I 'c on senrenqLralit]il d egg lertilirv
Widya Asma.awati, Is nya. and Tri Yuwanta

308

313

i)
$

I

'lhe

L

on nrteslinalnm.osa
effccrsofsinglc laclic acid bacletiap.obr)ii. supPLenlentation
prcfile and ir run. ft sp(nrsein bfoileb
B a n l b d n gA ' i \ a d i . r n d S ' i H a r i ' n u r l i

311 319

I d € n t l f i . a t i o o l s i n g h n u . l . o t i d eP o h o o ' f h i s r n o f g e n i n s u l i n el i k . g ( ) n t h l a c t d
bi ding protcin 2 o gro\\1hof nalne chi.kert
Sri Sudarl-ati, Jafe di HP Sidadolog, Wiha doyo, and Waya Tunas Artama

32t :t21

Uassavaleaf nreal in.lusm in pal t k€rrrelrn.al iiier could impmve egg -'-olk.olol
m p o s rn n ) 1 t e nd a r i r el a \ i n e h e n s
Adrizal, S. Faklni. R. Nlurni, Yat o. T. lVIa.anata, S. Asby. Yusrizal, and C. R
Angel

325 331

Egg prodLr.lrtrift sp.nsfs of Laling hpDsio lild nredicifal herlrsdller peak ot
M. Luji Jadi, E.H.A. Juuannrgsih, S.T. Temu. S.Y F G Dillak. and Y.L. He uk

.

332331

10

Slste rs of poo '\' husbandry
a dY.L.Henuk ................
, . Y . F . GD. i l l a k ,S . S e m b n n r g
C . A .B a i l e y S

335 3.11

ll

0\'ulatlon and o\iposirior pauernsin quail (aor.irtjx Cottu'ix JaPonica)
S . Y . F . G .D i l l a k . A . P i g a w a h i ,a n d Y . L . H e n u k . . . . . . . . . . . . .

312 315

12. Evaluationof rofr ivasletrealed!!ith fe nentationan{le zylne supplementatntrio
346 3111

B . s u r d u . B a h a r u d d i nr n d M . B a r r i .

1 3 . Influcncc oigrll on perlormarce of lo.al chick€nunder intdrsile nranagementsystenr
Jublin Franzina Bal€-Therik. Cytske Sabuna .. ..

1 1 . Tlre gfo$1h and ffodu.ri!1t\ ol selecledkampungchicken
Heti Retnariatiand TiLeSdrrika . .

350 35:l
351 357

1 5 . tsffectofdivergs( selectionbodt Ncighi ro egg produclirmduri g the six genetarion

t7

18

and CH gene poltnxtrphi\fi\ q\a\l (( oturnix .aLu nixjapon ica)
Ning Setiati. J.H.P. Sidadolog. T. Hartatik and T. Yuwanta ... .. ... ... ....

35U 363

Fcedirg nrdnagern€nt
€!aluarion ofduck fafmer gr{rut)i'r Brebes
Her',5a$'rgko

361 367

H e t e m s l sa n d c o r r l i i n n t ga b i L i t yf o f b o d ) \ e i g h l a n d f & ' d c o \ e r s i o n i n t o u t g . r { r i .
e r o u | so f n a r i \ . . h n : k t r
r'atrky M.s. Teh'pc'c

368 373

T h t n r ) p l e n e n l a { i o.nf f o r . i i d n r o l t i g t e . h n o l o g \ i ) I l I e . j e . t e d l a \ i n g h e n s I o r t h e p € o f l e
d i s c h r r g c cl rl o r n€ I n p h \ 1 r e n t( 3 . a s es r u d \a I l l ! $ c r V i l l a g e .K l a l e n .I n d o r r s l r l
Ali Mursyid Wahyu I'lulyono. SriHartati, AhnmsaKa di Sariri a dE gk s

AnrulYatin
t9

Grorirh ptrfonrarce of hlaleo birdi (IIr.r.r.eprrr',
r:ontrolin the capiivitv
Hal!ah, lri Yu$Jnrr. a'rdKu\lono

371 379

,rd1eo)bl l{eans of lil,dilrg

380 381

2 0 L g g p r o d u c t i o na r d q u r l i t \ o f K e d uc h i . k ( y rb a s e do n p l u m a 8 .c o l o rt h a li € a r e d
Isorcyowati.DadangNlulyadiSaleh,Rosidi

21

I : f f e . 1 o fi n d j g . n o u sL i c d . a c i d b a c r . t i ap . o b i o t i . so n b r c i l ' r p e b f m a n c e

Sri Harimurti. Nasro€dio,EndangSutriswatiRahayu,Kurniasih

385 390
391 391

22

onlatingpeffofrnance
of hfns
Effe.ls.i1rurrsupplementation
O.M.O.Idowu

395 397

23.

l f f e c r o i d i f e f e n l l e \ e l o f r i c c p o l i s h i n gt i . o m b i n a l i o n i l i t h p h ) r a s ea l d a . i d i l i e f o n
p q l b . m a n . . a n d s h e l lq u a l i t yi D l a , " { r . l r i c k e n s
Bayu Sesarahardian, Osfar Sjo!an and Eko Widodo

39U .102

PART II
LivestockProduction

1.

2

3.

!lxterjor.hara.i{'.istn:s of ,(gobdrg goals kepi bt f armr.s
I G€de Suparta Budiratria, Pado o, Ali Agus, Lies Mn a Yusiati, and Sunradi ..... ...

403

110

The elfecr of goal sbaringsvstemon dE pe orrarce offarmet gfoups taising eta$ah
cros! bfed eoats a.ase study in Sukorejo , Cnike(o Turi. Slenran
.........
..
Y u i S u r a n i n d y a hK
. u s t a n t i n a h ,a n d E . R . O r s k

1ll

111

Grotrtlr and carrassproductionofOngole grad€ caitle and SimmentalOngoi.
crossbrcd cattlegrori g in a feedlol sysicm
N { a t e u sd a C r u z d e C a r v a l h o ,N o n o N g a d i y o n o .a n d S o e p a r n o. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ ..

415 422

4.

A\ailabl€ herbagenrstainabilityunder soil and water conseNalionfor dc!elopment of
small runri ants
Sutarno,Sumarsono.WidiyatiSlamet,DidikWisnuWidjajanto......................... 123 426

a.

A s t u d t o r s o m e! s p $ : r so f e q u i n eh u s b a n d f h
y tb€Punjab-Pakislan
Arshadlqbal,AsifHarn€ed.M.Younas,BakhtB.KhanandS.A.Bhatti................... 121 132

6.

Feedingsrategi.s to nrcreasegrollIh ofearly lvcanedBali cal\'esh EastJala
Y.N. A ggraeny, D. Pamungkas, N.H. Krish a. S.P. Q igley. and D.P. Poppi . . .. . .

7

8

'133 136

R e s p o n so. l b r a h n r acnr o s s b r e cdo \ s a n d l h e i f . a h e s k e p t u n d e rs e m i i n t { J r s i vaen d
fed thernon lr.al fodd€r supplem.nr In casrSutrrbaRegency,last Nusa lenggirta
S . F a t t a h .Y . U . L . S o b a n g , S . Y . F . G . D i l l a k , J . J . A . R a t u r v a l o e . a n d Y . L . H e ' t r k . . .

137 410

l h e f e l . ( i o n l h i pb e ( n c e nh c a r i. h e s tg i h , b o d l l e n g l ha n ds h o u l d e h
t e i g h r a. n d
goars
l i r e n e i g h rn r I d o n e s i a n
Asmuddnr Natsir.I{awardi A. Asja, Nasrullah, Yusnasari. A. Nu.hayu. Peter
. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
M u r r a y , a n d R o l N { u r r a y - P f i o r . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .

1{1

44i

I

Ongole).attle in lndoDesia
ofOnsolc srade(Pefanakan
G.o\rlh perfofman.e
. .................. 4I1j 451
B ( d i H a r y a t o a d D i c k yP a n u n g k a s

l0

conqrnrrt ol diffeferrslaughter
\ieight of localram
Cror|lh of rar.ais andcarcass
A.E. Nlanu.\1.I{. Kleden.S.A.Adjaru,J.J.A.RatulvaloeandY.L.He uk ........... 1s2 ls1

ll.

gcrerarion
Pon|anurrt)ulu.li\ir)ofSnr] renlaL
0ngole.r$nal.otrsofrlrufi.sr
rompiifed ro Ongole.ross€dco\\s kcpr b) f'trnters
E.Baliarti. W.T.H.NI. Christoffor, and Soenardi

xtl

155 459

The cffecl of supplemenlalionof diffeorr l\sine sour.rs o the p(].fonnar)ceol rveared
pigs From 4 p to 10 u'eeksof age
R i i e l D i a " J H . T i L a ' l j a . . . . . . ..

.160 163

E | f e . t o f l i b e r s o u r ! eo n r h ep e r f o n n a n . eo f w . a r u l p i g sf r o m 4 u p t o 1 0 $ e € L so f a g e
Iohann Ly d'rd RhFl D.ll. L il'adja

461 467

o f c a r r l ef e e . l l o p
r i o d u . r n r rs \ ' s t r t r rt o n r c r € a ! et h eu e i t i r e
I n f l u c ! f e t l L e! r L p r ! \ e n r e r n
nl inttBralrd
o l f e e d k n l a n c r sg f t r u pi n i d o n e s i ad n o u g hr h e i n r p l . m . n r a l i o o
s u e a i n a b i l i t \f a n n i n gs \ 5 l e m
Joko Riyanto. Susi Dsi Widyawati. and Wara Pratitis

468 473

l5

Breedlng ,,)! s,,,/,r ur d ahoo ca(le ii easle r ifdonesia .arrle grxtll
Totok B. Julianto, Tanda Panjaitan, Geoffry fordy(e, and Dennis Popli ... .. .. .. ..

1i4

l6

B f e e d n r gB o s J a r a n i c u sd A l t o n c a t l l ci n f a s t c mh d o l e s i a c a t t l ec o n l m Ld, i € l s .d l a u g h l

I2

171

.178 182

I a n d a P a " j a i r d r ' .C e o l T r ]r o ' d l c e . D c n n i \ P o p t i

1 7 . B r e e d r n gA . , 5 ! r " r r . r s d A l l o n c a t t l ei n e a s l f mI l d o n € s i a t: r l o n i l o f i n g\ i l l a g e . a f t l e
183 487

D€nnis Poppi, Taoda Panjaitan, Dahlantlddin, and Geoffry Fordyce

18

A p p l i c d t i c ro l o r l i r e a r n r o d e L s i n e s t i n r a r i n g g r o w t h c u r ! e s o f L o d \ \ \ , e i g h t a n d s i z e s
of HolslenfF.iesin 1e )ale caule

Nia Kurniawan, and AnnekeAnggraeni
1!

2t)
2l

22

23

Blood lipid srarus.f

188 196

Jaira Ekor Kurus sheepsupplementedby p|otcclcd kapok sccd

Widiyaflto, M. So€jo o. Z. Ba.h.uddin. H. Hartadi, and Surahfta to

497 501

D i ! e f s i l y o n t h e e x r e f i o fp e f o r n r a n . eo f c r o s s b r e.da r t l ek e p tt r \ f a r m e r si o . e n na l j a ! a
T . S . M . W i d i , I . C . S . B u d i ' a t r i a .E . B a l i a r t i .H . M . J . U d o . . . . . . . . . . . .

502 508

Allernarnlr conrrol fd endop.rrasites
nfection in goatsby fecding frr:shnarured aod
n
i
n
a
l
i
a
l n n n a r u f el e a v e so f t €
.atappa
Mohd Azrul Lokrnar'. and Mohd Emendy Abd. Wahid ... .... .. ..

5011511

Gro{th of nire trollrh old ale buffalo cal!es as aftcctedb\ dillerenl cNde prctein and
enerS) cor.iJrLralxnrs
I'1. Sarx'ar, M. A. Shahzad. N.A.Tauqir, and NI. Nisa .. .. ... . .. ...

515 520

P e d o n n a n co
e f l a . I a t i i g h u f f a l o c sa sa f f i c l e dL \ \ a r l i n g c o r c e n t r a r i o n. fs. s s . n t i a l
N.A.Tatlqn€. Nl.A.Shahzad, M.Ni'a. NI.San'!ar, H.A. Saddiqi, NI. Fa]-r-az,and
\l.A Tipu

521 5lL

Animal Physiology,Reproduction,and Genetics
1.

3

Scasonal
in\estigati.n
of seruno r g n c s i L u nc o c € n t r a t i o i n n a t i \ . . a r r l ca ( \ \ ' . n t n r
Azerba!an
P(,rin:e.Iran
M.R. Valilou atrdA.R. Rotli .

527 a3t)

I )eteclion of lo,yrlrlrrrra gordr i bas.d on !.qudtce r 52I and sagI genc pto be
As tarani Kusrmaivali. Ha.to Widodo, Nafratilova Septiana. and Sri Hartati

5 3 1 5 3r

R e p r o d a c r i \p
e f r l o . n r d c e o l d a i r yc o i l s i n Y o g )a k a f l aP r o \n r r eb a s e do n h a l a n . e d
A l r r r m dP r a n r o r r oX
, u s t o n o .a ' r d h a r i H d l l d d i

535 510

L

5.

6

7.

8

L

10.

B f e e d i D gp n r g r a n n e d e v e l o p r e o lo f B a l i c a l d ea t P 3 B i l i
Andoyo Supriyanto o, Luqman hakirn, Suyadi, and lsmudioflo

5lI

F r i e s i ? rh o l l l e i r i m p o . r e dc o \ t s :p h ) s i o l o g i c acl h a f a c r €at n db l o o dc o D r p o s j r i obna s e d
o D a h i r u r l cd i l e r e n c e
...
..
R a t n a D e B i N { u d n r g s a r i ,A d i a o . a n d S o e n a r j oK e m a n . . . . .

517 551

U f e e d i n g\ a l u co 1F r i e s i a nH o l s t { i i nb u l l sh P I N a k s a r aK e j o r aR o r o s e n c n g
Tcrransgu g. CenrfalJava
Hasyinr Nlulladi, Indra$'ati Mei P., a d RR. N'tahardika N P.

5rl2 55'

G e n e t i L p o t e n . v o f n . a r i r g { e i g h l o f b o c r a r a F l . b a c k c n r sasnI db a . k . t o s 2s d o . s
a I b n q l i r i t . f n t r r T a | g g a m u sR { r g d r c r L a n r p u n gP r o l i n c e

s u l a s t r 'i "

550 5{io

Distribulion of populationand productio estinrareofsolne cattle bteedsdt Yog--akarta
P r o v i n c el.n d o n c s i a
...
Sumadi. Tety Hartatik. and Stlastri .

561 561

ID vitro fresh sp.rm prepafationfo. nrailrtainingspernr!iabilitv at stofagetenrp.ratL're
o f 1 1 ' c u s i n gl a n n i ns u p p l e m e n t a t i oonf l a m t o r c l e a v e s
Mirajuddin. Ktstono.Isnuya, and A. Budiyanto

565 571

PhenollTrcand phllogenetic studicsoflo.al cattle in pacitandistrict,lasi Java.
Muham lad Cahyadi. and T€ty HartatiK

tl.

12.

13.

l4

15.

10.

17.

The exploratiollof geretic characleristicsoo N{aduracattle
T. Hartatik, T. S. M. Widi, Ismaya, D.T. Widayati and E. Baliarti

. . .. .. .. . ..

Breednrg8or.F '.,l.us d Ahon c altle iD EasLerlrllrdonesia:Cattlc reproduction
r"ra" Panjaitan, Totok B. Julianto, Eliza Kuriz, alrd Denni'
C*irr],i*ay*,

i72

511

578

581
.;
'

P o p p i... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 8 55 8 9

l n p r o ! e r l r e n tq o a l l l vo f B l i 8 o n g o a ts p e f ml . o u g hs e p a r a t i obny a i b u n r c n
. ... ...
S i g i t B i n t a r a . S o c n a r j oK e ' n a , S u m d i , a i r d A l i A C u s

590 594

arrdlical Progestinsduting Lhe
Lotrelalion bchr.el plasma pfogestc.onecomcenlrations
e s t r u sc v c l eo f K . d a h K e l a n t a nc o \ \ s
N. Yincr. Y. Rosnina. H. Wahid, A. A Saharee.K C Yap, P. Ganesamurthir, Ilt
Fahmi, Nl NI Bukar

595 5s8

F ; f f . . t o f f G F 2 ( o r C I D R o n o i a t i a n t u l l i c u l a td e v e l o p m e ndLl r r u r g€ s t i o u s. v . 1 . i n
goats
Muhamnrad NIodu Bukar. Rosnina Yuson, Abd Wahid Harotr, Cur reet Kaor
Dhaliwal. Nlollarnmed ArifT Ornar Nur H(sie Yim€r, Mol'd Aza Kha'r
. . . . . . . .. . .. . .
G o r n r t a f lK h a

5gg 602

I he Lrseof frozen stJni{ of I lolsrei| I:.i.si!n b uLls\1iIfi the BB gcnotl pc of fie kappa
c a s e hg e o ei l l I n d o n e s i a
A. Anggra€ i, C. Sumantri. and E. Andreas

603

:

I

,

608

E 1 l c c r o l h a \ l a g e m a d e o f k u m e g r a s s s t a n d i n g h a \ l i ' r nt reed \ t i l h l i q u i d p i l n r s u g a r
a n d l o . a l . l i ( k c r r a n u r eo n s e n r e nq u a l i t \ a n d s c f o t u mc i r . u r f e r { J r coef m a l el o . a l

soar
L.L.Bellia d NathanG.F.Katipan.. . .... . .
Henderiana
I8

516

I h e e i | I i d . n r i f i ( a t i o ro f t r i m i n g n . i r g ( J r e ro n I n d o n e s l a lno . a l h r t l c a t t l e
A r y o g i , E n d n g B a l i a r t i . S u m a d i ,a n d K u s t o o

609 613
..

611 (j22

i
!,

l!.

Effict o f bulls o r fregoanc! tdle o f eslfous sl r. hmnized Bfargus cows
."
A. Malik. H. Wahid. Y Rosnina, A. Kasn'r, and NI. Sabri

20

in Khouresran
A r a l l s i s o f B u t \ r o p h i l i ng . n c p o l ) $ o . p h i s r ri n h u f f a l . p o p u l a t i o n
I ' r o v i n c eb r l ' C R R F L P l e . h n q u e
Beigi Nassiri. NI. T. Mozafari. K. N. T Hartatik, Farazi J. and Mi.zadeh K . . .

'

623

626

627 030

Technologrof Anilnal Products
L

2.

3.

1.

5.

6.

7

T h e d e ! e l o p r r e nol f r i p c n c dc h e e s reo n r d n r n r lga f l i . a . i d b a . t e t i a t: l x r J l i . t o n
. h e m l . a l . o n r p o s i t i r i na.. i d p f t r d u r t i o na n ds . x r o f \ \ ' a L o e
Tridjoko Wisnu N{urti

631

637

The resrru.turedoflocal beefol lo$'qLla1n)'\itlr diffetent birrders fat emulsifi'{s and
fonifi.arion sith \ita )in a in becl burger
Setiyono a d Soeparno

638

613

T h e u s i r g o l e x l r a c lf a b b i t sn o l I r a . h s i n t h c n k i o g g o a i n r i l k c h e e s et i p c n c d$ i t h
La. tobaci I hrsA( 1.loI h i Ius
Inda Dewata Sari, Nurliyani and lndratini gsih

641

618

Muhammad Tauffk, Suharjo o Triatrnojo, Yuny Erwanto, Umar Santoso ...

619

656

Qualitl changes01 burger fronr v€gelable \vheatflour. .icc flour !t'ith far emulsion
duriDgfrozen srorage
P.H.G.J. De Silva. R.A.U.J.Marapana, Thakshala Seresinhe,A Kalubotrila, N.
L a l a n t h a. . . . . . .

657 602

and thcir potencv
Polrrnerizationoi rneatand TfIIrpeh protein usirtgtfansglulantiIras€
a
g
e
|
I
a
n
d
a
n
t
i
o
x
i
d
a
n
t
a sa n a n r i h i p c r t . n . v
Yuny Erwa to, Jamhari dan Rusman

663

Thc applicatioo
n f l o . a l d a h l i at b e r ( t : r l , 1 i ap i t , r . a / ) a s p r e b i o l i . s t u r u p r o ! i ' r g
!iabilitv oi probiotics tllidobaLleritlnl bilidunt tt .\ogl\itl
Widod;, Nosa Septiana Annrdila, Enda g lvahyuni, and Indratnringsih .

671 671

Effect ofbfoiler agc ard exuaction kJnperatufeon cha.actelisticchicken feet skin

ijTu

Extension,ContmunityDevelopmet and Agribusincss
I

2

ll

E L e p h a nal- . n r l sa r d d r e i i i m p a . 6 t o c o r r m u n i r - "C: a s €s t L r di\n K e u d a h a r g . C h i a g
N I a iP r o \ i n , : e .I h a i l a n d
Weerapon Thongma and B di Guntoro
S o f t r e c h n o l o g i)n n o ! a t i o nf o f f a r m c re r p o w e l n n ] l ]t to b r i n ga b o u rp r a . I i . . . h a n g e i n
a n a g r i c u l t u . d l r & dp r o i . . r : l r s s o nl e a r n r{ r o n rL a s r e I n d o o e s i a
I',turutHitniati, Et't nan de Fliert. Nledo Kote. D€bora Kana Hatl. Toni Basuki
"

677

6112

683

690

T I c c l ' t L L so l d a n - !. : a l t l po $ n e r s h i fa n d 1 a t r n € l 5d e n t ) g . a p h fva c t o r so n t l r e
e \ a c u a l i o n m o \ i D g lnae f s b e h a \ i o r a I l l e f a f i \ o l c a n o a t . a ( a s e s l u d \ a I K a l i a d e n r
S u h V i l l a g c .\ i r g \ a k a t l a . l n d . n c s i a l
691 6! I
Siti Andarwati;nd F. Trisakti Haryadi

1.

5

6

Fa n.rs lroiiLe and exreriorchifa.rcrisli. of lemale \loa Buffaloes in \{oa ldrnrl.
N f a l u k uP n i ! i n c e
. . . . . . . .. .
J u s t h i n u sP i p i a n a ,E d a n SB a l i a r r i ,a n d I G e d €S u p a r t aB u d i s a t r i a

695 701

!.cononri. inallsis of or laon lillirg stratcgr.sto nnr{raseposl w.rnirrg live (r€ighl
gair ol Fj!li.alils
Atiel Priyanii, Snnon Quigley, Ma.setyo, Dicky Panungkas, Dahla uddin,
Esnawatr Budisantoso, and Dennis Poppi

702 70a

T h c r o l p o f l i \ e s t o . ks € r v i c ei n o r d e rr o c a d e a g ri b u s r r i s d e \ e l o p n r n r j n r . g e n . . "o f
Kupang
Maurinus WilhelmusCili Tibo .. .. .

709 716

7.

F a c t o 6 N i r h r l t r p u . . h a s eo f m e a rb v . o n r u n r € f si n N l a k a s s aS
f ularlcsi
Nasrullah, Yus,rnsari, A. Nurhayu, Asnuddin Natsir, Mawardi A. Asja. Roy
M u r r a y P r i o r ,a n d P e t € rM u r r a y . . . . . . .. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. .1 7 7 2 1

U.

Coalsuppl!fmm [nrekang.
SouthSutasesi
to EadKalimaolan
a iongard rnrdirg
Mawardi A. Asja. Asnuddi Natsir, Roy lUurray Prior, PeterMu.ray, Nasrullah.
Yusmasari,
a d A. Nurt'ayu. .. .
.. .. .. ...... ... 725 132

9

Coatmeatconsunrptior
ir lvlakassarSulawcsi:Importantfor religiousandc itural
cefernonies
but manvconsiderit a healthrisk
Roy Nlrrray'Prior, As rddin Natsir, Mawa.di A. Asia, Nasrullah,Yusrnsari, A.

10.

Nlafketingp.actic.s ofsnrallholder beefcattle producersin easlja!a
I . G . A . P . M a h e n d d ,A . P r i y a n t iV
, . W . H a n i f a h a, n d R . A . C r a m b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

74), 746

tl.

EDrpo\r'erment
ofgoat fa.rnhg: Lessonslearnt frcm the developmentof goat farning
gfoup ofleranakar EtawahCunrelaf Banlumas
Akhmad Sodiq
........ 71t' 152

12.

Performarc€of c.€dit prog.am t{r small dai.v.aitle developmert i lndoresia
Rini Widiati ..

t3

11.

15

I6

A n a l v s i so f d e n r i n d o f b r o i l e r r e a ti r r C d r t r a l J a \ a
N u r d a y a t iS, u d i N u r t i n i . l u a s y h u rai ,n d R i r t iW i d i a t i

. ....... 753 758

.............................

739 762

D e c i s i o nm a k n r gr n o d e a
l n a l ) s i so { t c c h r o l o g ta d o p r i o ne: m p i r i . a ls r d r ! ! n i l k
pasrcurizationreuiler b.traviir
i y a h l a n ia. n d A h m a d i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J a a r T r i S u k a r n a ,S u c iP a r a r f t a s a r S

763 766

A r e d u . a r i o nn r a n i g e r r e n r o d e lb a s e do n . o g n l j v e l e a m n r gf o r ! r a l l d a i r l l a B D . . si n
,,,- ,' t-r'
Viriya Munprasert. Phahol Sakkatat. Varaporn Punyavadee.Siripon
Kiratikarnkul and Dumrong Leenanuruksa . .

767 77a

i

P a n i c i t ) a i i ooDf \ 1 o m e nf a m r e r so l r b e e fc x t l h t u m i n g m a n a g € l n e ni nt P a n d . r N I u h o
Croup l3anrLrlYogvaka*a

Ida lvufandad, Budi Grntoro. and EndangSulasfri
l7

i
I

Thcsoufces
ofdairr coirsandconcenrrate
feedanronB
rh. da1.\f.frnersjn Slernan
Regen.\Yoevakana
EndangSulastriand Budi Guntoro

t'71 1t'1

i

!

778 780

18. Iifornutiona.tlrsslnxnrgchicken
andcatilefa nersin cunungKidulYogJ"kama d
Ngadatasr Nus! T.ngga.a
B u d i G u n t o r o . F a t h u l W a h i d , A l i A g u s , a n d S t e i n K r i s t i a n s e.n. ................. . . . . 7 8 1 7 8 1
Reviews
I

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INSTRUCTIONS
TO AUTHORS

PHENOTYPE AND PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES OF LOCAL CATTLE IN
PACITAN DISTRICT, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA
*Muhammad Cahyadi
Departement of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture
Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.

and
Tety Hartatik
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Husbandry
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Indonesia cattle breed have been varying. Some cattle breeds have been developing greatly in
Indonesia. At least three cattle breeds have been developing, they are Bali, Madura, and OngoleGrade (PO). There is also local cattle in Pacitan District, Indonesia. It has phenotype traits similarity
with Madura and PO cattle. The easiest phenotype trait to be observed is the coat color. It can be used
to differentiate amongst cattle breed. This research was conducted to evaluate maternal origin of local
cattle in Pacitan District based on phenotypic trait and phylogenetic tree. The materials consisted of
28 cattle. They were divided into four breeds, Bali, Madura, PO and local cattle of Pacitan. The coat
color of each cattle breed was observed for phenotypic trait. In addition, mt-DNA cytochrome b
sequences of cattle were also observed for phylogenetic tree analysis. The results showed that Bali,
Madura and Ongole-Grade (PO) have uniform color. The coat color of both Bali and Madura cattle
were brown, while PO was white. The coat color of local cattle of Pacitan was varied. They were
brown and white color. The phylogenetic tree showed that either Bali and Madura were related to Bos
javanicus, while PO cattle was related to Bos indicus. The local cattle of Pacitan could be divided into
two groups. First group (PO1P, PO2P and Pc13 [white color, like-PO breed], Pc9 [brown color, likeMadura/Bali breed]) were related to Bos javanicus and second group (Pc11 [brown color, likeMadura/Bali breed]) was related to Bos indicus. This results indicated that similarity phenotype trait
did not always has similar maternal origin. The majority Pacitan local cattle were closed to Bos
javanicus “Banteng” in maternal origin and it has different phenotype trait.
Key words: Pacitan, phenotype, phylogenetic, Local Cattle
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia cattle breed have been varying. Some cattle breeds have been developing greatly in
Indonesia. At least three cattle breeds have been developing, they are Bali, Madura, and OngoleGrade (PO). There is also local cattle in Pacitan District, Indonesia. Its phenotypic traits is closed to
Madura and PO cattle. The easiest phenotype trait to be observed is the coat color. It can be used to
differentiate cattle breed.
The original Indonesian cattle is Bali cattle, which was domesticated from the Banteng (Bos bibos), a
wild cattle species. This breed is maintained as a pure breed in Bali island. Payne and Hodges (1997)
reported that Bali cattle are uniform in type. The other local cattle breed in Indonesia is the Madura
cattle breed. Nijman et al. (2003) reported, that formerly, it was considered that Madura cattle
originated from cross-breeding between Bali and/or Bos (bibos) spp, and Bos indicus type cattle either
in Madura or in Java. Indian Bos indicus such as Ongole has another name, Nellore which is classified
as Zebu cattle (Blakely and Bade, 1991; Williamson and Payne, 1993). It had been developed in
Indonesia by importing from India. The pure Ongole was brought to Sumba island and became the
Sumba-Ongole. The Sumba-Ongole at Java had been crossed with the Javanese cattle (Bos javanicus)
and formed the Ongole-grade (Sosroamidjojo, 1980). Javanese cattle is an indigenous Indonesian
cattle which its existence is very hard to be found, but it still can be found in Pacitan and Trenggalek
regencies. They are red-brown in coat colour. The red-brown cattle is also white on the twist and
metacarpus–phalanx with smear boundaries (Susilawati et al., 2002).

We examined the sequence of mt-DNA cytochrome b in several breeds which were collected from the
difference location for phylogenetic study of local cattle in Pacitan district. Mitochondrial DNA
evolves much faster than nuclear (nc) DNA and thus contains more sequence diversity compared to
nuclear DNA, facilitating the identification of closely related species (Brown et al., 1996). In addition,
maternal inheritance of the mt-DNA generally results in lack of heterozygosity. Mitochondrial DNA
of several vertebrates, including mammals, was mainly investigated for evolutionary studies (Wolf et
al., 1999). Comparisons of nucleotide sequences of the complete mt-DNA or of single genes (e.g.,
genes encoding the small ribosomal RNAs 12S and 16S and cytochrome b (Esposti et al., 1993), were
used to study interspecies and intraspecies relationships of animals in order to establish the molecular
phylogeny (Birstein and DeSalle, 1998; Birstein et al., 1998). This research was conducted to evaluate
maternal origin of local cattle in Pacitan District based on phenotype trait and phylogenetic tree.
METERIALS AND METHODS
Sample collection. Blood and ear tissue were collected from Madura Island (Madura cattle), Pacitan
Regency (Java cattle, the mountainous region), Yogyakarta (Ongole-Grade cattle, the slaughter house)
and another region (Bali cattle).
DNA extraction. DNA was isolated from blood samples and tissues by using standard
SDS/proteinase K extraction (Sambrook et al, 1989).
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of the mtDNA cytochrome b (cytb) gene was
carried out in a final volume of 20 µl in 0.5 ml tubes. It was filled by 13.3 µl aquabidest, 2 µl PCR
buffer, 1.5 µl MgCl2, 0.1 µl dNTP mix, 1 µ l each primer (L14735: AAA AAC CAC CGT TGT TAT
TCA ACT A/H15149: GCC CCT CAG AAT GAT ATT TGT CCT CA) as universal cytb internal
primer pair, designed by Kocher et al. (1989), 0,5 units of Taq DNA polymerase and 1 µl DNA
genome. The cycling conditions were as follows: 94°C for 2 minutes for pre-denaturation, 35 cycles
of 36 seconds at 95oC, 73 seconds at 51oC, 84 seconds at 72oC and followed by a final extension step
of 3 minutes at 72oC and 4oC until the next step. PCR products were examined by electrophoresis
through a 1% agarose gel in 10X TBE buffer and stained by ethidium bromide. As size reference,
marker (Novagen) was used.
DNA Sequencing. PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel in 1X TBE
buffer, then the DNA fragment was excised and purified with QIAquick isolation system (Qiagen,
USA) and then DNA fragment was inserted into pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, USA) follow the
protocol from the company. Recombinant DNA was cloned by using the E. coli JM 109. The clones
were isolated and purified with Qiagen kit Midiprep. A total of 300 ng of DNA were sequenced by
using T7 (5'-TAA TAC GAC TCA CTA TAG GG-3 ') and SP6 (5'-CGA TTT AGG TGA CAC TAT
AG-3') primers with the program 96oC for 1 minute, 25 cycles: 96oC for 30 seconds, 50oC for 15
seconds and 60oC for 4 minutes, BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle sequencing Kit and ABI 310
PrismTM Sequencer System (Applied Biosystem).
Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b gene. A phylogenetic tree using mtDNA
cytochrome b sequence was constructed by using MEGA 4.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Cattle phenotype traits which was observed
Indonesia is an archipelagic State which has diverse natural resources, including cattle. We used 28
samples in this study, each breed consisted seven cattle. The Indonesian locals cattle were used in this
study, they were PO, Bali, Madura, and local cattle of Pacitan (Table 1). We used these breeds to
know the maternal origin of Indonesia local cattle. We hoped that Bali cattle could expect to represent
the “banteng” (Bos bibos), while PO could expect to represent the Bos indicus breed.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Table 1. The number of cattle was used in this study
Breed
Number of samples
Location
Ongole-grade (PO)
7
Bantul, Yogyakarta
Bali
7
Bali Island
Madura
7
Pamekasan, Madura Island
Local Pacitan
7
Pacitan

The PO cattle used as samples were obtained from abattoir in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. It has
white and slightly dark gray color on the head, hump, and back. Williamson and Payne (1993)
reported that Ongole cattle have white color generally, but the male has dark gray on the head, neck
and back, and sometimes has black on the knee. Sometimes, we can find red Ongole cattle or redwhite Ongole cattle. We found most of the local cattle in Pacitan also have similar characteristics to
PO. Local cattle in Pacitan also have white colour in whole body, so we classified as local cattle of
Pacitan like-PO (Table 2).
Tabel 2. Phenotype traits which was observed in every cattle breeds
Breed
Sample
Phenotype traits
code
Whole body
Metacarpus–phalanx
Ongole-grade (PO)
PO5,
White
White
PO22
Bali
Bali
Brown
White
Madura
Madura1,
Brown
Smear
Madura2
Local Pacitan (like-PO)
PO1P,
White
White
PO2P,
Pc13
Local Pacitan
Pc9, Pc11
Brown
Smear
(like-Madura/Bali)

Twist
White
White (oval)
Smear
White

Smear

Both Bali and Madura cattle used in the study have uniformity in coat color. We also found brown
local cattle of Pacitan. Thse cattle have phenotype similarity to either Bali or Madura cattle, brown
local cattle of Pacitan, have smear or white color on the legs (metacarpus–phalanx) and twist. Wijono
and Setiadi (2004) reported that red-brown Madura cattle have black or dark brown back line (linea
spinosum) and white lower leg (metacarpus-phalanx) and white twist. In addition, Williamson and
Payne (1993) reported that red, golden or dark brown Bali cattle are usually can be found. Bali cattle
have white legs and white oval on twist. Bali bulls are darker than Bali cows. Bali bulls will become
dark brown to black when mature. With this fact, we suspected that the local cattle of Pacitan have
closer relationship with both PO (Bos indicus) and Madura or Bali cattle (Bos bibos) in phenotype
traits (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Cattle breed which is used in this study (note: 1 is Ongole-Grade (PO); 2 is Bali cattle; 3 is
Madura cattle; 4 is Local cattle of Pacitan (like-PO) and 5 is Local cattle of Pacitan (likeMadura/Bali)
Phylogenetic tree of Indonesian local cattle based on partial sequences of mt-DNA cyt b gene
To verify the phenotype traits similarity with origins of local cattle of Pacitan, we used mitochondrial
DNA (mt-DNA) cytochrome b gene as a molecular markers. Cyt b gene is a gene that is often used in
phylogenetic studies. Research conducted by Wang et al. (2000) and Prusak and Grzybowski (2004)
reported that cyt b gene of mitochondrial (mt) can be used to study the evolution and phylogenetic

relationships of various animals, like birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and some
invertebrates. Added by Pfeiffer et al. (2004), mitochondrial cyt b gene can be used to distinguish
species of mammals such as cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus). The
reason is the relatively rapid rate of evolution, although the substitution did not cause a change of
understanding or amino acid code. Cyt b gene is universal, so that it can be easily compared. Cyt b
gene is vary in populations, and it is suitable for the further study of phylogenetic relationships. In
addition, some parts of cyt b gene have large conserve areas on each species. Considerable regional
variation found in the trans membrane domain encoding regions or amino and carboxyl terminal
(Kvist, 2000).

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of Indonesian local cattle based on partial sequences of mi-DNA cyt b
gene (373 bp)
We also used partial sequences of mt-DNA cyt b gene (373 bp) from NCBI in constructing the
phylogenetic tree. They were AY689188 (Bull), AY689187 (gayal), AF492351 (Bos taurus),
AF492350 (Bos indicus), DQ459331 (Gaur), NC006380 (domestic yak), and NC001941 (Ovis aries).
These sequences were used to determine the local cattle of Pacitan relationship based on phylogenetic
tree. Ovis aries were used as an out group to produce a tree that is easier to be understood.
Analysis of partial cyt b gene sequences shows that both Bali and Madura cattle were related to
AY689188 Banteng (Bos bibos) (Fig. 2). Local cattle of Pacitan (PO1P, PO2P and Pc13 [white
colour, like-PO breed], Pc9 [brown colour, like-Madura/Bali breed]) are closer to Bali cattle, Madura
cattle and Banteng AY689188 than Bos indicus (AF492350), Bos taurus (AF49235) or PO cattle from
Yogyakarta. These results indicated that the like-PO cattle of Pacitan has maternal inheritance to
Madura cattle, Bali and Banteng. In addition, these results showed that Pacitan District had Bali or
Madura cattle population in the past. Cattle crossbred program (Ongolisasi) made local cattle of
Pacitan population decrease (Hardjosubroto and Astuti, 1993). Sustainable cross-breeding towards
bulls breed (Ongole) will cause the offspring exterior appearance getting closer to the bulls breed. As
a result, Pacitan local cattle like-PO (PO1P, PO2P and Pc13) has similar appearance with PO cattle,
while it has maternal relationship with Bali cattle, Madura and Banteng. This opinion was

strengthened with the local cattle of Pacitan like-Madura/Bali (Pc9) which has brown colour and
white color on legs and twist (Williamson and Payne, 1993); Wijono and Setiadi, 2004).
Sequences analysis showed that the Ongole-grade cattle from DIY (PO5 and PO22) and local cattle of
Pacitan (Pc11) have relationship with Bos indicus (AF492350) and Bos gaurus / Gaur (DQ459331)
(Fig. 2). The white PO cattle from DIY have hump and jowls, while red-brown local cattle of Pacitan
(Pc11) has white colour on legs and twist. Although different in exterior performance, PO5, PO22 and
Pc11 cattle were related to Bos indicus (AF492350). Blakely and Bade (1991) and Williamson and
Payne (1993) reported that PO cattle was derived from Bos indicus. Exterior performance differences
were due to cross-breeding beetwen local cattle with Bos Taurus, such as Simmental and Limousin,
which is red-brown. Sustainable crossbreeding toward bulls breed will cause the offspring
performance getting closer to the bulls. Crossbreeding is often occurred in Indonesia. Crossbreeding
have been introduced almost in every region by artificial insemination (AI). According to the Syrstrad
(1985) report, that most local cattle crossed with import breed from Europe which aims to improve the
productivity of local livestock (Ayalew et al., 2003).
CONCLUSION
This results indicated that similarity phenotype trait did not always has similar maternal origin. The
majority Pacitan local cattle were closed to Bos javanicus “Banteng” in maternal origin and it has
different phenotype trait.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are thankful to the head of research center and community services Gadjah Mada University for
providing Research Grant, Hibah Bersaing XVI 2009. We also thank to the staff Veterinary Services
in Pacitan Regency and Madura Island.
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