SLIM’S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT NICHOLAS KAZAN’S ENOUGH MOVIE (2002): SLIM’S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT NICHOLAS KAZAN’S ENOUGH MOVIE (2002): A FEMINIST APPROACH.
SLIM’S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT
NICHOLAS KAZAN’S ENOUGH MOVIE (2002):
A FEMINIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirements
for Achieving Bachelor Degree of Education
by:
EKA DEWI PRASETYOWATI
A 320 060 169
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
APPROVAL
SLIM’S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT
NICHOLAS KAZAN’S ENOUGH MOVIE (2002):
A FEMINIST APPROACH
by
EKA DEWI PRASETYOWATI
A 320 060 169
Approved to be Examined
by Consultants Team
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil Dewi Candraningkrum. M. Ed
NIK. 589
ii
Titis Setyabudi, SS.
NIK. 948
ACCEPTANCE
SLIM’S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT
NICHOLAS KAZAN’S ENOUGH MOVIE (2002):
A FEMINIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Prepared and Arranged by:
EKA DEWI PRASETYOWATI
A 320 060 169
Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on December 2010
1.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
(
)
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S
(
)
3.
Drs. M. Thoyibi, Ms
(
)
Approved by
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M. Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that there is no plagiarism of the previous research
which have been made to get bachelor degree of a university and as long as I am
concerned there is no work or opinion that has ever been composed or published
by others, except those which the writing are referred in this paper and mentioned
in the bibliography.
Therefore, if it is proved that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta,
February 2011
The Writer
Eka Dewi Prasetyowati
iv
MOTTO
Experience is the best teacher.
Keep on your style and make your life more meaningful.
Jadikan sabar dan shalat sebagai penolongmu. Sesungguhnya yang demikian itu
berat, kecuali orang-orang yang menyakini, bahwa mereka akan menemui
TuhanNya dan bahwa mereka akan kembali kepadaNya.
(AL-BAQARAH: 45-46)
God will rise up, to rants, those of you who believe and who have been granted
knowledge ( Mujadalah : 11)
Niscaya kita akan mendapat ketentraman dan ketenangan hati yang luar biasa
disaat kita berhenti menggunjing dan menilai orang lain sedangkan tidak ada
jaminan kita lebih baik dari mereka, lagi pula ini tidak membawa
kebaikan tetapi hanya akan menumpuk dosa yang begitu lekat dengan
perjalanan hidup kita (Dewie)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper whole heartedly dedicated to:
Islam, the way of life.
My beloved parent “Bapak and Ibuk”.
My beloved “Sukardi Family’s”
My beloved sisters and brother
My beloved friends.
My beloved “HERU”.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise to Allah SWT, the Lord of Universe, for blessing and guiding the
research paper as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for getting Bachelor
Degree in English Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The researcher is fully aware that people’s help and guidance. Therefore, in
this opportunity, she would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
1.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S as her chief of English Department Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta and as the second consultant who has helped to
correct the grammatical structure of the research paper,
2. Dr. Phil Dewi Candraningkrum. M.Ed as the first consultant, and her
academic consultant who has given guidance and information patiently
during the arrangement of the research paper.
3. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M. Si., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
4. Her beloved “Bapak and Ibuk” for growing and giving education until now,
giving support, prayer, patience, care, and all the sacrifices.
5. Her beloved “Sukardi Family’s” for giving her birth and for the prayer.
6. Her sweetie sisters, elder brother and brother, Mb.Dwi, Mas. Poer, Ferry,
Dwi, Nana, Sindy, Ryena, Dafa, Reyhan, Burhan, Lukito, for the support.
And for the beautiful moment.
7. Her beloved Trasisko Heru Yudia for loves, patience and care.
vii
8. Her beloved close friend, amazing and crazy friend, Nita Banthal, Dina
Dhinthul, Putri Nyonyah, Novita Bita, Ambar Ambruth, Rahma mumun
Ida Idhul,for the beautiful memoirs, jokes and support.
9. Her beloved close friend, amazing and crazy friend in Kadimin
bourdinghouse, Ika Icrot, Nika Nicrot, Ayu Acrot, Uci Ucrot, Nita Nitol,
for the beautiful memoirs, jokes and support.
10. Her friends Endro Ployo, Angga Mbendol, Elham Ucrit, Dian Mangut,
Roni Tua, Hen Ninos, Jihan Metrik, for the joking.
11. Her dearest friends: Jumi, Erna, Laras, Sinta, Shinta, Wulan, Yuni, Kipli,
Suprex, Reni, Tipen, Nike, Erwin, Lusi and all who cannot mention one by
one, for being her best friends and giving the spirit and sweet friendship.
12. All of his friends of sharing in the same struggle in writing research paper at
the direction of Mr. Abdillah.
13. Her friends in PPL SD AL AZHAR SETIA BUDI Surakarta.
14. Her friend “ Pak Bass, Bue Hik, Pak Parkir for all support.
15. Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have
supported her to reach her dreams.
She realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect because of
her limited capability. Thus, revision, suggestion, and criticism are welcomed
for the perfection of this work. She wishes this research paper would be
useful and helpful to readers.
Surakarta,
viii
February 2011
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE............................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL..................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study .................................................... 1
B. Literature Review ............................................................... 5
C. Problem Statement .............................................................. 6
D. Limitation of the Study ....................................................... 6
E. Objective of the Study......................................................... 6
F. Benefit of the Study............................................................. 7
G. Research Method ................................................................ 7
H. Research Paper Organization .............................................. 9
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................... 10
A. Notion of Feminism............................................................ 10
B. Major Principles of Feminism ............................................ 12
ix
1. Rebel Against Patriarchal System……………………...13
2. Women’s Position.......................................................... 13
3. Women’s Role .............................................................. 14
4. Women’s Participation .................................................. 15
5. Women’s Right .............................................................. 15
C. Structural Elements of the Movie ....................................... 16
1. Narrative Elements ........................................................ 16
a. Character and Characterization ................................. 16
b. Plot ............................................................................ 17
2. Technical Elements........................................................ 19
a. Mise-en-scene ........................................................... 19
1) Setting…………………………………………..19
2) Costumes and Make-Up………………………...20
3) Lighting………………………………………....21
4) Figure Expression and Movement………………21
b. Cinematography……………………………………..22
c. Sound………………………………………………..24
d. Editing……………………………………………….25
e. Casting……………………………………………….26
f. Point of View………………………………………..27
g. Theme………………………………………………..28
D. Theoretical Application ...................................................... .28
x
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
OF
AMERICAN SOCIETY AT THE TURN OF THE
TWENTY- FIRST CENTURY .......................................... 29
A. Social Aspect.................................................................... 29
1. Lower Class ................................................................. 29
2. Middle Class ................................................................ 30
3. Upper Class ................................................................. 31
B. Economic Aspect ............................................................. 31
C. Political Aspect ................................................................ 33
1. Judicial Branch ............................................................ 34
2. Executive Branch ........................................................ 35
3. Legislative Branch ....................................................... 35
4. Types of Party ............................................................. 37
D. Cultural Aspect ................................................................ 38
E. Religious Aspect .............................................................. 39
F. Technology and Science Aspect ...................................... 40
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................... 42
A. Structural Elements of The Movie ................................... 42
1. Narrative Elements .................................................... 42
a. Character and Characterization .............................. 42
1) Major Character ................................................ 42
2) Minor Character................................................ 45
b. Plot ......................................................................... 54
c. Point of View .......................................................... 55
d. Theme ..................................................................... 56
e. Inten/Message ......................................................... 56
xi
f. Casting .................................................................... 57
2. Technical Elements .................................................... 59
a. Mise-en-Scene ........................................................ 59
1) Setting ............................................................... 60
2) Costumes and Make-Up ................................... 61
3) Lighting ............................................................ 62
4) Figure Expression and Movement .................... 65
b. Cinematography...................................................... 65
1) Photographical Qualities of Shot ....................... 65
2) Framing of Shot ................................................. 66
3) The Duration of Shot ......................................... 66
c. Sound ...................................................................... 67
B. Discussion ........................................................................ 68
CHAPTER V: FEMINIST ANALYSIS ....................................................... 71
A. Feminist Perspective........................................................... 71
1. Women’s Position.......................................................... 71
2. Women’s Role ............................................................... 74
3. Women’s Participation .................................................. 75
4. Women’s Right .............................................................. 77
B. Discussion .......................................................................... 79
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................. 81
A. Conclusion ....................................................................... 81
B. Suggestion ........................................................................ 82
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xii
ABSTRACT
SLIM”S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT NICHOLAS KAZAN’S
ENOUGH MOVIE (2002): A FEMINIST APPROACH. RESEARCH
PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH OF SURAKARTA. 2011.
This study is aimed to show the against gender discrimination in Enough. movie
by using feminist approach. It is done by establishing two objectives: the first is
analyzing the movie based on its structural elements and the second is analyzing
the movie based on the feminist approach.
This research is qualitative research. Type of data of the study is text and image
taken from two data sources: primary and secondary. The primary data source is
the Enough movie directed by Nicholas Kazan released in 2002. While the
secondary data sources are other materials taken from books, journals, and
internet related to the study. Both data are collected through library research and
analyzed by descriptive analysis.
The study comes to the following conclusions. First, based on the structural
analysis of each elements, it shows that the character and characterization, casting,
plot, setting, point of view, theme, mise-en-scene, cinematography, sound, and
editing are related to each other and form unity to be good quality of a movie.
Second, based on the feminist analysis, Nicholas Kazan represents the form of
gender discrimination. The character of Slim struggles for quality in position, role,
right and participation.
Keywords: Against Gender Discrimination, Enough, Feminist Approach
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil Dewi Candraningkrum. M.Ed
NIK. 589
Dean
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
xiii
Titis Setyabudi, S.S.
NIK. 948
NICHOLAS KAZAN’S ENOUGH MOVIE (2002):
A FEMINIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirements
for Achieving Bachelor Degree of Education
by:
EKA DEWI PRASETYOWATI
A 320 060 169
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
APPROVAL
SLIM’S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT
NICHOLAS KAZAN’S ENOUGH MOVIE (2002):
A FEMINIST APPROACH
by
EKA DEWI PRASETYOWATI
A 320 060 169
Approved to be Examined
by Consultants Team
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil Dewi Candraningkrum. M. Ed
NIK. 589
ii
Titis Setyabudi, SS.
NIK. 948
ACCEPTANCE
SLIM’S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT
NICHOLAS KAZAN’S ENOUGH MOVIE (2002):
A FEMINIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Prepared and Arranged by:
EKA DEWI PRASETYOWATI
A 320 060 169
Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on December 2010
1.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
(
)
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S
(
)
3.
Drs. M. Thoyibi, Ms
(
)
Approved by
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M. Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that there is no plagiarism of the previous research
which have been made to get bachelor degree of a university and as long as I am
concerned there is no work or opinion that has ever been composed or published
by others, except those which the writing are referred in this paper and mentioned
in the bibliography.
Therefore, if it is proved that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta,
February 2011
The Writer
Eka Dewi Prasetyowati
iv
MOTTO
Experience is the best teacher.
Keep on your style and make your life more meaningful.
Jadikan sabar dan shalat sebagai penolongmu. Sesungguhnya yang demikian itu
berat, kecuali orang-orang yang menyakini, bahwa mereka akan menemui
TuhanNya dan bahwa mereka akan kembali kepadaNya.
(AL-BAQARAH: 45-46)
God will rise up, to rants, those of you who believe and who have been granted
knowledge ( Mujadalah : 11)
Niscaya kita akan mendapat ketentraman dan ketenangan hati yang luar biasa
disaat kita berhenti menggunjing dan menilai orang lain sedangkan tidak ada
jaminan kita lebih baik dari mereka, lagi pula ini tidak membawa
kebaikan tetapi hanya akan menumpuk dosa yang begitu lekat dengan
perjalanan hidup kita (Dewie)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper whole heartedly dedicated to:
Islam, the way of life.
My beloved parent “Bapak and Ibuk”.
My beloved “Sukardi Family’s”
My beloved sisters and brother
My beloved friends.
My beloved “HERU”.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise to Allah SWT, the Lord of Universe, for blessing and guiding the
research paper as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for getting Bachelor
Degree in English Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The researcher is fully aware that people’s help and guidance. Therefore, in
this opportunity, she would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
1.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S as her chief of English Department Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta and as the second consultant who has helped to
correct the grammatical structure of the research paper,
2. Dr. Phil Dewi Candraningkrum. M.Ed as the first consultant, and her
academic consultant who has given guidance and information patiently
during the arrangement of the research paper.
3. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M. Si., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
4. Her beloved “Bapak and Ibuk” for growing and giving education until now,
giving support, prayer, patience, care, and all the sacrifices.
5. Her beloved “Sukardi Family’s” for giving her birth and for the prayer.
6. Her sweetie sisters, elder brother and brother, Mb.Dwi, Mas. Poer, Ferry,
Dwi, Nana, Sindy, Ryena, Dafa, Reyhan, Burhan, Lukito, for the support.
And for the beautiful moment.
7. Her beloved Trasisko Heru Yudia for loves, patience and care.
vii
8. Her beloved close friend, amazing and crazy friend, Nita Banthal, Dina
Dhinthul, Putri Nyonyah, Novita Bita, Ambar Ambruth, Rahma mumun
Ida Idhul,for the beautiful memoirs, jokes and support.
9. Her beloved close friend, amazing and crazy friend in Kadimin
bourdinghouse, Ika Icrot, Nika Nicrot, Ayu Acrot, Uci Ucrot, Nita Nitol,
for the beautiful memoirs, jokes and support.
10. Her friends Endro Ployo, Angga Mbendol, Elham Ucrit, Dian Mangut,
Roni Tua, Hen Ninos, Jihan Metrik, for the joking.
11. Her dearest friends: Jumi, Erna, Laras, Sinta, Shinta, Wulan, Yuni, Kipli,
Suprex, Reni, Tipen, Nike, Erwin, Lusi and all who cannot mention one by
one, for being her best friends and giving the spirit and sweet friendship.
12. All of his friends of sharing in the same struggle in writing research paper at
the direction of Mr. Abdillah.
13. Her friends in PPL SD AL AZHAR SETIA BUDI Surakarta.
14. Her friend “ Pak Bass, Bue Hik, Pak Parkir for all support.
15. Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have
supported her to reach her dreams.
She realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect because of
her limited capability. Thus, revision, suggestion, and criticism are welcomed
for the perfection of this work. She wishes this research paper would be
useful and helpful to readers.
Surakarta,
viii
February 2011
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE............................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL..................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study .................................................... 1
B. Literature Review ............................................................... 5
C. Problem Statement .............................................................. 6
D. Limitation of the Study ....................................................... 6
E. Objective of the Study......................................................... 6
F. Benefit of the Study............................................................. 7
G. Research Method ................................................................ 7
H. Research Paper Organization .............................................. 9
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................... 10
A. Notion of Feminism............................................................ 10
B. Major Principles of Feminism ............................................ 12
ix
1. Rebel Against Patriarchal System……………………...13
2. Women’s Position.......................................................... 13
3. Women’s Role .............................................................. 14
4. Women’s Participation .................................................. 15
5. Women’s Right .............................................................. 15
C. Structural Elements of the Movie ....................................... 16
1. Narrative Elements ........................................................ 16
a. Character and Characterization ................................. 16
b. Plot ............................................................................ 17
2. Technical Elements........................................................ 19
a. Mise-en-scene ........................................................... 19
1) Setting…………………………………………..19
2) Costumes and Make-Up………………………...20
3) Lighting………………………………………....21
4) Figure Expression and Movement………………21
b. Cinematography……………………………………..22
c. Sound………………………………………………..24
d. Editing……………………………………………….25
e. Casting……………………………………………….26
f. Point of View………………………………………..27
g. Theme………………………………………………..28
D. Theoretical Application ...................................................... .28
x
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
OF
AMERICAN SOCIETY AT THE TURN OF THE
TWENTY- FIRST CENTURY .......................................... 29
A. Social Aspect.................................................................... 29
1. Lower Class ................................................................. 29
2. Middle Class ................................................................ 30
3. Upper Class ................................................................. 31
B. Economic Aspect ............................................................. 31
C. Political Aspect ................................................................ 33
1. Judicial Branch ............................................................ 34
2. Executive Branch ........................................................ 35
3. Legislative Branch ....................................................... 35
4. Types of Party ............................................................. 37
D. Cultural Aspect ................................................................ 38
E. Religious Aspect .............................................................. 39
F. Technology and Science Aspect ...................................... 40
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................... 42
A. Structural Elements of The Movie ................................... 42
1. Narrative Elements .................................................... 42
a. Character and Characterization .............................. 42
1) Major Character ................................................ 42
2) Minor Character................................................ 45
b. Plot ......................................................................... 54
c. Point of View .......................................................... 55
d. Theme ..................................................................... 56
e. Inten/Message ......................................................... 56
xi
f. Casting .................................................................... 57
2. Technical Elements .................................................... 59
a. Mise-en-Scene ........................................................ 59
1) Setting ............................................................... 60
2) Costumes and Make-Up ................................... 61
3) Lighting ............................................................ 62
4) Figure Expression and Movement .................... 65
b. Cinematography...................................................... 65
1) Photographical Qualities of Shot ....................... 65
2) Framing of Shot ................................................. 66
3) The Duration of Shot ......................................... 66
c. Sound ...................................................................... 67
B. Discussion ........................................................................ 68
CHAPTER V: FEMINIST ANALYSIS ....................................................... 71
A. Feminist Perspective........................................................... 71
1. Women’s Position.......................................................... 71
2. Women’s Role ............................................................... 74
3. Women’s Participation .................................................. 75
4. Women’s Right .............................................................. 77
B. Discussion .......................................................................... 79
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................. 81
A. Conclusion ....................................................................... 81
B. Suggestion ........................................................................ 82
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xii
ABSTRACT
SLIM”S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND HERSELF AT NICHOLAS KAZAN’S
ENOUGH MOVIE (2002): A FEMINIST APPROACH. RESEARCH
PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH OF SURAKARTA. 2011.
This study is aimed to show the against gender discrimination in Enough. movie
by using feminist approach. It is done by establishing two objectives: the first is
analyzing the movie based on its structural elements and the second is analyzing
the movie based on the feminist approach.
This research is qualitative research. Type of data of the study is text and image
taken from two data sources: primary and secondary. The primary data source is
the Enough movie directed by Nicholas Kazan released in 2002. While the
secondary data sources are other materials taken from books, journals, and
internet related to the study. Both data are collected through library research and
analyzed by descriptive analysis.
The study comes to the following conclusions. First, based on the structural
analysis of each elements, it shows that the character and characterization, casting,
plot, setting, point of view, theme, mise-en-scene, cinematography, sound, and
editing are related to each other and form unity to be good quality of a movie.
Second, based on the feminist analysis, Nicholas Kazan represents the form of
gender discrimination. The character of Slim struggles for quality in position, role,
right and participation.
Keywords: Against Gender Discrimination, Enough, Feminist Approach
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil Dewi Candraningkrum. M.Ed
NIK. 589
Dean
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
xiii
Titis Setyabudi, S.S.
NIK. 948