Perbandingan Akurasi Diagnostik Antara General Practitioner Assessment Of Cognition Dengan Memory Impairment Screen Terhadap Mini-Cog Untuk Screening Poststroke Dementia
76
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM IV-TR).
Arlington.
Alvarez-Sabin, J., Roman, G. C. 2011. Citicoline in vascular impairment
and vascular dementia after stroke. Stroke;42:40–43.
Alzheimer’s Disease International. 2012. Dementia, a public health priority.
World Health Organization.
Asosiasi Alzheimer Indonesia. 2003. Konsensus Nasional. Pengenalan
dan Penatalaksanaan Demensia Alzheimer dan Demensia lainnya.
Edisi 1. Jakarta.
Baehr, M., Frotscher, M. 2005. Principles of Cerebrovascular Disease.
Thieme. New York.
Ballard, C., Rowan, E., Stephens, S., Kalaria, R, Kenny, R. A. 2003.
Prospective follow-up study between 3 and 15 months after stroke:
improvement and decline in cognitive function among dementia-free
stroke survivors > 75 years of age. Stroke;34: 2440–2444.
Barba, R., Martinez-Espinosa, S., Rodrigez-Garcia, E., Pondal, M.,
Vivancos, J., Ser, T. D. 2000. Poststroke dementia: clinical features
and risk factors. Stroke;31:1494–1501.
77
Borson, S., Scanlan, J. M., Chen, P., Ganguli, M. 2003. The Mini-Cog as
a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample.
Journal of American Geriatry Society;51:1451–1454.
Brodaty, H., Low, L., Gibson, L., Burns, K. 2006. What is the best
dementia screening instrument for general practitioners to use? The
American Journal of Geriatry and Psychiatri;14(5): 391–400.
Brodaty, H., Pond, D., Kemp, N. M., Luscombe, G., Harding, L., Berman,
K., et al. 2002. The GPCOG: a new screening test for dementia
designed for general practice. Journal of American Geriatrics
Society;50(3):503–534.
Burns, A., Lawlor, B., Craig, S. 2002. Rating scales in old age psychiatry.
The British Journal of Psychiatry;180:161–167.
Buschke, H., Kuslansky, G., Katz, M., Stewart, W. F., Sliwinski, M. J.,
Eckholdt, H. M., et al. 1999. Screening for dementia with Memory
Impairment Screen. Neurology;52:231–238.
Cilag, J. Behavioural and physchological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
educational
pack.
International
Psychogeriatric
Association;
2002:1–13.
Dahlan M.S.
2010. Penelitian
Diagnostik. Salemba Medika. Jakarta.
H.31–38.
Devinsky, O., D’Esposito, M. 2004. Neurology of cognitive and behavioral
disorders. Oxford University Press US. New York.
78
Doerflinger, D. M. 2013. Mental status assessment of older adults : the
Mini-Cog. New York University Press US. New York.
Douiri, A., Rudd, A. G., Wolfe, C. D. 2013. Prevalence of poststroke
cognitive impairment: South London stroke register 1995-2010.
Stroke;44:138–145.
Ebell, M. H. 2009. Brief Screening Instrumens for Dementia in Primary
Care. Am Fam Physician;79(6):497–500.
Fitzpatrick, A. L., Kuller, L. H., Lopez, O. L., Kawas, C. H., Jaqust, W.
2005. Survival following dementia onset : alzheimer’s disease and
vascular dementia. The Journal of Neurology Science;229:43–49.
Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. 1975. Mini-Mental State : A
Practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the
clinician. J Psychiatr Res;12:189–198.
Gemmel, E., Bossomworth, H., Allan, L., Hall, R., Khundakar, A., Oakley,
A., et al. 2012. Hippocampal neuronal atrophy and cognitive
function in delayed poststroke and aging-related dementias.
Stroke;43:808–814.
Hénon H., Durieu I., Guerouaou D, Lebert F., Pasquier F., Leys D.
Poststroke dementia: Incidence and relationship to prestroke
cognitive decline. Neurology;57:1216–1222.
Iemolo, F., Duro, G., Rizzo, C., Castiglia, L., Hachinski, V., Caruso, C.
2009.
Pathophysiology
Ageing;6(13):1–9.
of
vascular
dementia.
Immunity
&
79
International Classification of Diseases – 10. Geneva. 1993. World Health
Organization.
Inzitari, D., Carlo, A., Prarucci, G., Lamassa, M., Vanni, P., Romanelli, M.,
et al. 1998. Incidence and determinants of poststroke dementia as
defined by an informant interview maethod in a hospital-based
stroke registry. Stroke;29:2087–2093.
Ismail, Z., Mulsant, B., Herrmann, N., Rapoport, M., Nilsson, M., Shulman,
K. 2013. Canadian academy of geriatric psychiatry survey of brief
cognitive
screening
instruments.
Canadian
Geriatrics
Journal;16(2):201–217.
Ivanoiu, A., Adam, S., Van der Lindem, M., Salmon, E., Juillerat, A. C.,
Mulligan, R., et al. 2005. Memory evaluation with a new cued recall
test in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s
disease. The Journal of Neurology;252(1):47–55.
Kim, Y. H., Kwon, O. D. 2014. Clinical correlates of Hachinski Ischemic
Score and vascular factors in cognitive function of elderly. Hindawi
BioMed Research;214(1):1–7.
Kochhann R, Otilia M., Godinho C., Camazzato A., Chaves M. 2009.
Evaluation of Mini-Mental State Examination scores according to
diffrent age and education strata, and sex, in a large Brazilian
helathy sample. Dementia and Neuropsycologia;3(2):88–93.
Leys, D., Henon, H., Mackowick-Cordoliani, M., Pasquier, F. 2005.
Postroke dementia. Lancet Neurol;4:752–759.
80
Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., Kuslansky, G., Sliwinski, M. J., Stewart, W. F.,
Verghese, J., et al. 2003. Screening for dementia by telephone
using the memory impairment screen. The Journal of American
Geriatrics Society;51(10):1382–1390.
Lonie, J. A., Tierney, K. M., Ebmeier, K. P. 2009. Screening for mild
cognitive impairment: a systematic review. International Journal of
Geriatry an Psychiatry;24(9):902–915.
Lorentz, W. J., Scanlan, J. M., Borson, S. 2002. Brief screening tests for
dementia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry;47:723–733.
Lumempow, S. F. 2011. Neurobehaviour pada stroke. Dalam: Soertidewi,
L., Jannis, J. (Eds) Stroke aspek diagnostik, patofisiologi,
manajemen. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FKUI. Hal.213–214 .
Markam, S. 2003. Pengantar Neuropsikologi. Balai Penerbit FKUI.
Jakarta.
Mattson, M. P., Pedersen, W. A., Culmsee, C. 2001. Cellular and
mollecular mechanisms underlying synaptic degenartion and
neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Mattson, M. P. (Ed).
Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Humana Press Inc.
New Jersey. p.113 –122.
Millian, M., Leiher, A., Straten, G., Muller, S., Leyhe, T., Eschweiler, G. W.
2013. The Mini-Cog, Clock Drawing Test and the Mini-mental State
Examination in a German Memory Clinic: specificity of separation
dementia from depression. Int Psychogeriatrics;25(1): 96–104.
81
Milne, A., Culverwell, A., Guss, R., Tuppen, J., Whelton, R. 2008.
Screening for dementia in primary care: a review of the use,
efficacy and quality of measures. Int Psychogeriatrics;20(5):911–
926.
Modrego, P. J., Gazulla, J. 2013. The predictive value of the memory
impairment screen in patients with subjective memory complaints: a
prospective study. Prim Care Comp CNS Disord;15(1):442–451.
Moreira I.F.H., Lourenco R.A., Soares C., Engelhardt E., Laks J. 2009.
Cambridge Cognitive Examination : performance of healthy elderly
Brazilians with low education level. Cad Saude Publica, Rio de
Jeneiro;25(8):1774–1780.
Moroney, J. T. 1997. Meta-analysis of tha Hachinski Ischemic Score in
pathologically verified dementias. Neurology;49:1096–1105.
Mukhtar Z., Haryuna T.S., Effendy E., Rambe A.Y., Zahara D. 2011.
Desain penelitian klinis dan statistika kedokteran. USU Press.
Medan.
Pasi, M., Poggesi, A., Salvadori, E., Pantoni, L. 2012. Post-stroke
dementia and cognitive impairment. Neurol Neurosci;30:65–69.
Paquay, L., Lepeleire, J. D., Schoenmakers, B., Ylieff, M., Fontaine, O.,
Butinx, F. 2007. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of the Cognitive
Performance Scale (Minimum Data Set) and the Mini – Mental
State Exam for detection of cognitive impairment in nursing home
resident. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry;22:286–293.
82
Perhimpunan
Dokter
Spesialis
Saraf
Indonesia.
2008.
Modul
Neurobehaviour. Kolegium Neurologi Indonesia.
Pohjasvaara, T., Erkinjuntti, R., Ylikoski, R., Hietanen, M., Vataja, R.,
Kaste, M. 1998. Clinical determinants of poststroke dementia.
Stroke;29:75–81.
Sacco, R. L., Kasner, S. E., Broderick, J. P., Caplan, L. R., Connors, J. J.,
Culebras, A., et al. 2013. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st
century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american
heart association/american stroke association. Stroke;44:2064–
2089.
Saz, P., Dewey, M. E. 2001. Depression, depressive symptoms and
mortality in persons aged 65 and over living in the community: a
systematic review of the literature. Internasional Journal of Geriatry
and Psychiatry;16(6):622–630.
Strub, R. L., Black, F. W. 2000. The Mental Status Examination In
Neurology. 4th ed. F.A. Davis Company. Philadelphia.
Thomas P., Hazif T.C., Vieban F., Faugeron P., Peix R., Clement J.P.
2006. The GPCOG for detecting a population with a high risk of
dementia. Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil;4(1):69–77.
Tzourio C., Anderson C., Chapman N. 2003. Effects of blood pressure
lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and
cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch
Intern Med;163:1069–1075.
83
Valcour, T., Stenger, M. 2012. Evaluating cognitive impairment in the
clinical setting: Practical screening and assessment tools. IAS-USA
Journal;19(5):175–179.
Verghese, J., Noone, M. L., Johnson, B., Ambrose, A. F., Wang, C.,
Buschke, H., et al. 2012. Picture-based memory impairment screen
for
dementia.
The
Journal
of
American
Geriatrics
Society;60(11):2116–2120.
Waxman, S.G. 2007. The limbic system. In : Clinical Neuroanatomy. The
MacGraw – Hill Companies. New York.
Woodford, H. J., George, J. 2007. Cognitive assessment in the elderly: a
review of clinical methods. Q J Med;100:169–484.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM IV-TR).
Arlington.
Alvarez-Sabin, J., Roman, G. C. 2011. Citicoline in vascular impairment
and vascular dementia after stroke. Stroke;42:40–43.
Alzheimer’s Disease International. 2012. Dementia, a public health priority.
World Health Organization.
Asosiasi Alzheimer Indonesia. 2003. Konsensus Nasional. Pengenalan
dan Penatalaksanaan Demensia Alzheimer dan Demensia lainnya.
Edisi 1. Jakarta.
Baehr, M., Frotscher, M. 2005. Principles of Cerebrovascular Disease.
Thieme. New York.
Ballard, C., Rowan, E., Stephens, S., Kalaria, R, Kenny, R. A. 2003.
Prospective follow-up study between 3 and 15 months after stroke:
improvement and decline in cognitive function among dementia-free
stroke survivors > 75 years of age. Stroke;34: 2440–2444.
Barba, R., Martinez-Espinosa, S., Rodrigez-Garcia, E., Pondal, M.,
Vivancos, J., Ser, T. D. 2000. Poststroke dementia: clinical features
and risk factors. Stroke;31:1494–1501.
77
Borson, S., Scanlan, J. M., Chen, P., Ganguli, M. 2003. The Mini-Cog as
a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample.
Journal of American Geriatry Society;51:1451–1454.
Brodaty, H., Low, L., Gibson, L., Burns, K. 2006. What is the best
dementia screening instrument for general practitioners to use? The
American Journal of Geriatry and Psychiatri;14(5): 391–400.
Brodaty, H., Pond, D., Kemp, N. M., Luscombe, G., Harding, L., Berman,
K., et al. 2002. The GPCOG: a new screening test for dementia
designed for general practice. Journal of American Geriatrics
Society;50(3):503–534.
Burns, A., Lawlor, B., Craig, S. 2002. Rating scales in old age psychiatry.
The British Journal of Psychiatry;180:161–167.
Buschke, H., Kuslansky, G., Katz, M., Stewart, W. F., Sliwinski, M. J.,
Eckholdt, H. M., et al. 1999. Screening for dementia with Memory
Impairment Screen. Neurology;52:231–238.
Cilag, J. Behavioural and physchological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
educational
pack.
International
Psychogeriatric
Association;
2002:1–13.
Dahlan M.S.
2010. Penelitian
Diagnostik. Salemba Medika. Jakarta.
H.31–38.
Devinsky, O., D’Esposito, M. 2004. Neurology of cognitive and behavioral
disorders. Oxford University Press US. New York.
78
Doerflinger, D. M. 2013. Mental status assessment of older adults : the
Mini-Cog. New York University Press US. New York.
Douiri, A., Rudd, A. G., Wolfe, C. D. 2013. Prevalence of poststroke
cognitive impairment: South London stroke register 1995-2010.
Stroke;44:138–145.
Ebell, M. H. 2009. Brief Screening Instrumens for Dementia in Primary
Care. Am Fam Physician;79(6):497–500.
Fitzpatrick, A. L., Kuller, L. H., Lopez, O. L., Kawas, C. H., Jaqust, W.
2005. Survival following dementia onset : alzheimer’s disease and
vascular dementia. The Journal of Neurology Science;229:43–49.
Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. 1975. Mini-Mental State : A
Practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the
clinician. J Psychiatr Res;12:189–198.
Gemmel, E., Bossomworth, H., Allan, L., Hall, R., Khundakar, A., Oakley,
A., et al. 2012. Hippocampal neuronal atrophy and cognitive
function in delayed poststroke and aging-related dementias.
Stroke;43:808–814.
Hénon H., Durieu I., Guerouaou D, Lebert F., Pasquier F., Leys D.
Poststroke dementia: Incidence and relationship to prestroke
cognitive decline. Neurology;57:1216–1222.
Iemolo, F., Duro, G., Rizzo, C., Castiglia, L., Hachinski, V., Caruso, C.
2009.
Pathophysiology
Ageing;6(13):1–9.
of
vascular
dementia.
Immunity
&
79
International Classification of Diseases – 10. Geneva. 1993. World Health
Organization.
Inzitari, D., Carlo, A., Prarucci, G., Lamassa, M., Vanni, P., Romanelli, M.,
et al. 1998. Incidence and determinants of poststroke dementia as
defined by an informant interview maethod in a hospital-based
stroke registry. Stroke;29:2087–2093.
Ismail, Z., Mulsant, B., Herrmann, N., Rapoport, M., Nilsson, M., Shulman,
K. 2013. Canadian academy of geriatric psychiatry survey of brief
cognitive
screening
instruments.
Canadian
Geriatrics
Journal;16(2):201–217.
Ivanoiu, A., Adam, S., Van der Lindem, M., Salmon, E., Juillerat, A. C.,
Mulligan, R., et al. 2005. Memory evaluation with a new cued recall
test in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s
disease. The Journal of Neurology;252(1):47–55.
Kim, Y. H., Kwon, O. D. 2014. Clinical correlates of Hachinski Ischemic
Score and vascular factors in cognitive function of elderly. Hindawi
BioMed Research;214(1):1–7.
Kochhann R, Otilia M., Godinho C., Camazzato A., Chaves M. 2009.
Evaluation of Mini-Mental State Examination scores according to
diffrent age and education strata, and sex, in a large Brazilian
helathy sample. Dementia and Neuropsycologia;3(2):88–93.
Leys, D., Henon, H., Mackowick-Cordoliani, M., Pasquier, F. 2005.
Postroke dementia. Lancet Neurol;4:752–759.
80
Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., Kuslansky, G., Sliwinski, M. J., Stewart, W. F.,
Verghese, J., et al. 2003. Screening for dementia by telephone
using the memory impairment screen. The Journal of American
Geriatrics Society;51(10):1382–1390.
Lonie, J. A., Tierney, K. M., Ebmeier, K. P. 2009. Screening for mild
cognitive impairment: a systematic review. International Journal of
Geriatry an Psychiatry;24(9):902–915.
Lorentz, W. J., Scanlan, J. M., Borson, S. 2002. Brief screening tests for
dementia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry;47:723–733.
Lumempow, S. F. 2011. Neurobehaviour pada stroke. Dalam: Soertidewi,
L., Jannis, J. (Eds) Stroke aspek diagnostik, patofisiologi,
manajemen. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FKUI. Hal.213–214 .
Markam, S. 2003. Pengantar Neuropsikologi. Balai Penerbit FKUI.
Jakarta.
Mattson, M. P., Pedersen, W. A., Culmsee, C. 2001. Cellular and
mollecular mechanisms underlying synaptic degenartion and
neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Mattson, M. P. (Ed).
Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Humana Press Inc.
New Jersey. p.113 –122.
Millian, M., Leiher, A., Straten, G., Muller, S., Leyhe, T., Eschweiler, G. W.
2013. The Mini-Cog, Clock Drawing Test and the Mini-mental State
Examination in a German Memory Clinic: specificity of separation
dementia from depression. Int Psychogeriatrics;25(1): 96–104.
81
Milne, A., Culverwell, A., Guss, R., Tuppen, J., Whelton, R. 2008.
Screening for dementia in primary care: a review of the use,
efficacy and quality of measures. Int Psychogeriatrics;20(5):911–
926.
Modrego, P. J., Gazulla, J. 2013. The predictive value of the memory
impairment screen in patients with subjective memory complaints: a
prospective study. Prim Care Comp CNS Disord;15(1):442–451.
Moreira I.F.H., Lourenco R.A., Soares C., Engelhardt E., Laks J. 2009.
Cambridge Cognitive Examination : performance of healthy elderly
Brazilians with low education level. Cad Saude Publica, Rio de
Jeneiro;25(8):1774–1780.
Moroney, J. T. 1997. Meta-analysis of tha Hachinski Ischemic Score in
pathologically verified dementias. Neurology;49:1096–1105.
Mukhtar Z., Haryuna T.S., Effendy E., Rambe A.Y., Zahara D. 2011.
Desain penelitian klinis dan statistika kedokteran. USU Press.
Medan.
Pasi, M., Poggesi, A., Salvadori, E., Pantoni, L. 2012. Post-stroke
dementia and cognitive impairment. Neurol Neurosci;30:65–69.
Paquay, L., Lepeleire, J. D., Schoenmakers, B., Ylieff, M., Fontaine, O.,
Butinx, F. 2007. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of the Cognitive
Performance Scale (Minimum Data Set) and the Mini – Mental
State Exam for detection of cognitive impairment in nursing home
resident. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry;22:286–293.
82
Perhimpunan
Dokter
Spesialis
Saraf
Indonesia.
2008.
Modul
Neurobehaviour. Kolegium Neurologi Indonesia.
Pohjasvaara, T., Erkinjuntti, R., Ylikoski, R., Hietanen, M., Vataja, R.,
Kaste, M. 1998. Clinical determinants of poststroke dementia.
Stroke;29:75–81.
Sacco, R. L., Kasner, S. E., Broderick, J. P., Caplan, L. R., Connors, J. J.,
Culebras, A., et al. 2013. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st
century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american
heart association/american stroke association. Stroke;44:2064–
2089.
Saz, P., Dewey, M. E. 2001. Depression, depressive symptoms and
mortality in persons aged 65 and over living in the community: a
systematic review of the literature. Internasional Journal of Geriatry
and Psychiatry;16(6):622–630.
Strub, R. L., Black, F. W. 2000. The Mental Status Examination In
Neurology. 4th ed. F.A. Davis Company. Philadelphia.
Thomas P., Hazif T.C., Vieban F., Faugeron P., Peix R., Clement J.P.
2006. The GPCOG for detecting a population with a high risk of
dementia. Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil;4(1):69–77.
Tzourio C., Anderson C., Chapman N. 2003. Effects of blood pressure
lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and
cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch
Intern Med;163:1069–1075.
83
Valcour, T., Stenger, M. 2012. Evaluating cognitive impairment in the
clinical setting: Practical screening and assessment tools. IAS-USA
Journal;19(5):175–179.
Verghese, J., Noone, M. L., Johnson, B., Ambrose, A. F., Wang, C.,
Buschke, H., et al. 2012. Picture-based memory impairment screen
for
dementia.
The
Journal
of
American
Geriatrics
Society;60(11):2116–2120.
Waxman, S.G. 2007. The limbic system. In : Clinical Neuroanatomy. The
MacGraw – Hill Companies. New York.
Woodford, H. J., George, J. 2007. Cognitive assessment in the elderly: a
review of clinical methods. Q J Med;100:169–484.