15 0 Stakeholders, social, cultural, ph ... 292KB Mar 29 2010 05:00:32 AM
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
Content:
•15.1 Stakeholders
•15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects
•15.3 Social/Cultural/Community aspects
•15.4 Hand pickers/scavengers and gender issues
1/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Stakeholders - people and organizations with a ‘stake’ ….. ‘stake’
( = interest)
Stakeholders in the waste area - people and organizations with a
‘stake’ (interest) in good waste management … ‘stake’ may relate to
employment, clean neighborhood, business, shares, specific waste
materials, …..
Stakeholders may include (waste, waste recycling, truck repair
shops, etc.) enterprises, organizations, households, individuals, city
majors, …..
2/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Questions in developing countries in handling of
municipal solid and wastes need concerted effort from all
sectors of society.
MSW management is the responsibility of every
resident. An all inclusive approach should be adopted in
order to achieve any meaningful and lasting solution.
Development of an integrated plan requires coordination
of public and private entities with expertise in
management, MSWM technical matters, public
health, environmental protection, public finance,
urban infrastructure, and social issues
3/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Stakeholders
•Public
•Unemployed youth
•Municipalities
•Children/students
•City planners
•Vendors/shop owners
•NGOs
•Social workers
•Teachers/academia
•Hospitals
•Politicians
•Corporations
•Senior citizens
4/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Organizational options
Public body
• Municipality responsible for all aspects of waste management
Private body
• Commercial company responsible for all elements of waste management
(contractual party to the municipality
Public–private partnership (PPP):
• Public and private sector agencies share responsibility
5/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
Motives:
•social concerns for waste pickers,
•introducing new recycling technology (e.g. composting),
•extending micro-credit,
•concern for the poor environment in which their beneficiaries live,
•or because they are contracted by other agencies to implement a project.
Driven mainly by the need to achieve their goal, and not to make profit.
Scope of work: may include primary collection, rehabilitation of waste
pickers, building awareness in the communities, dissemination of
information, research and the introduction of new technology.
NGOs traditionally work closely with communities and there is usually good
co-operation from the community members.
6/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
The informal sector
Small-scale, labour-intensive, largely unregulated and unregistered, lowtechnology manufacturing or provision of services.
Typically they:
•do not pay taxes,
•have no trading license
•are not included in social welfare or government insurance schemes.
The informal recycling sector refers to the waste recycling activities of
scavengers and waste pickers. These terms are used to describe those
involved in the extraction of recyclable and reusable materials from mixed
waste.
7/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects
Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects - 1
Health and safety risks associated with SWM, for example (informal)
recycling include:
1. occupational health risks posed to scavenger/waste pickers and
2. community health risks posed to the related community or general
public.
8/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects
Risk factors
•
Composition of waste
•
Nature of organic decomposing waste
•
Handling of waste
•
Processing of waste
•
Disposal of wastes
9/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects
Health effects in informal recycling (reported in study):
•
Waste pickers in a worse state of malnutrition than control group
•
Many waste pickers suffered chronic backache and complained of weakness.
Coughs were a chronic problem
•
Many suffered from injuries like cuts and needle stick injuries
•
Eye infections and other eye problems
•
Few night-shift labourers complained of suffering from severe hallucinations
•
Many of the waste pickers suffered from intestinal protozoa and helminthes
•
The dumps were infested with stray dogs and rats. Bites from dogs and rats
•
Diarrhoea was extremely common among all waste pickers
•
waste pickers complained of having attacks of jaundice in the last year
•
Many waste pickers suffered from skin diseases
10/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.3 Social/Cultural/Community aspects
Social/Cultural/Community aspects - 1
Community participation is a crucial element in solid waste management.
Informal waste recycling is often carried out by poor and marginalized social
groups who resort to scavenging/ waste picking for income generation
and some even for everyday survival.
The attitude of the formal waste management sector to informal recycling is
often very negative, regarding it as backward, unhygienic and generally
incompatible with a modern waste management system.
11/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.3 Social/Cultural/Community aspects
Social/Cultural/Community aspects -2
Community participation is a crucial element in solid waste management.
Informal waste recycling is often carried out by poor and marginalized social
groups who resort to scavenging/ waste picking for income generation
and some even for everyday survival.
The attitude of the formal waste management sector to informal recycling is
often very negative, regarding it as backward, unhygienic and generally
incompatible with a modern waste management system.
12/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.4 Scavengers and gender issues
Scavengers and gender issues
•
Scavengers (hand or waste pickers) – vulnerable, marginalized group
comprised mostly of women and children
•
occupational health risks high because of manual handling, lack of
protective clothing/equipment
13/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.4 Scavengers and gender issues
Scavengers and gender issues - 2
Gender Issues: differences between men and women
Men and women - different roles, gender differences shaped by ideological,
historical, religious, ethnic, economic and cultural determinants
Women
•
several roles in the household – running the household, earning income
waste handling is an important source of income for poorer women,
family care
•
mainly engaged in activities requiring less education, less skills, less
physical mobility
•
earn less than men, are more vulnerable to exploitation
14/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.4 Scavengers and gender issues
Scavengers and gender issues - 3
Micro-enterprises in the waste sector - more often initiated, operated,
managed by men
Forces affecting position of women:
-
competition, inequality;
-
no vote in consultation/decision making process;
-
no access to capital;
-
no access to information/training;
-
living in inaccessible places.
15/20
Content:
•15.1 Stakeholders
•15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects
•15.3 Social/Cultural/Community aspects
•15.4 Hand pickers/scavengers and gender issues
1/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Stakeholders - people and organizations with a ‘stake’ ….. ‘stake’
( = interest)
Stakeholders in the waste area - people and organizations with a
‘stake’ (interest) in good waste management … ‘stake’ may relate to
employment, clean neighborhood, business, shares, specific waste
materials, …..
Stakeholders may include (waste, waste recycling, truck repair
shops, etc.) enterprises, organizations, households, individuals, city
majors, …..
2/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Questions in developing countries in handling of
municipal solid and wastes need concerted effort from all
sectors of society.
MSW management is the responsibility of every
resident. An all inclusive approach should be adopted in
order to achieve any meaningful and lasting solution.
Development of an integrated plan requires coordination
of public and private entities with expertise in
management, MSWM technical matters, public
health, environmental protection, public finance,
urban infrastructure, and social issues
3/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Stakeholders
•Public
•Unemployed youth
•Municipalities
•Children/students
•City planners
•Vendors/shop owners
•NGOs
•Social workers
•Teachers/academia
•Hospitals
•Politicians
•Corporations
•Senior citizens
4/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Organizational options
Public body
• Municipality responsible for all aspects of waste management
Private body
• Commercial company responsible for all elements of waste management
(contractual party to the municipality
Public–private partnership (PPP):
• Public and private sector agencies share responsibility
5/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
Motives:
•social concerns for waste pickers,
•introducing new recycling technology (e.g. composting),
•extending micro-credit,
•concern for the poor environment in which their beneficiaries live,
•or because they are contracted by other agencies to implement a project.
Driven mainly by the need to achieve their goal, and not to make profit.
Scope of work: may include primary collection, rehabilitation of waste
pickers, building awareness in the communities, dissemination of
information, research and the introduction of new technology.
NGOs traditionally work closely with communities and there is usually good
co-operation from the community members.
6/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.1 Stakeholders
The informal sector
Small-scale, labour-intensive, largely unregulated and unregistered, lowtechnology manufacturing or provision of services.
Typically they:
•do not pay taxes,
•have no trading license
•are not included in social welfare or government insurance schemes.
The informal recycling sector refers to the waste recycling activities of
scavengers and waste pickers. These terms are used to describe those
involved in the extraction of recyclable and reusable materials from mixed
waste.
7/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects
Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects - 1
Health and safety risks associated with SWM, for example (informal)
recycling include:
1. occupational health risks posed to scavenger/waste pickers and
2. community health risks posed to the related community or general
public.
8/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects
Risk factors
•
Composition of waste
•
Nature of organic decomposing waste
•
Handling of waste
•
Processing of waste
•
Disposal of wastes
9/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.2 Risk/Safety/Public Health aspects
Health effects in informal recycling (reported in study):
•
Waste pickers in a worse state of malnutrition than control group
•
Many waste pickers suffered chronic backache and complained of weakness.
Coughs were a chronic problem
•
Many suffered from injuries like cuts and needle stick injuries
•
Eye infections and other eye problems
•
Few night-shift labourers complained of suffering from severe hallucinations
•
Many of the waste pickers suffered from intestinal protozoa and helminthes
•
The dumps were infested with stray dogs and rats. Bites from dogs and rats
•
Diarrhoea was extremely common among all waste pickers
•
waste pickers complained of having attacks of jaundice in the last year
•
Many waste pickers suffered from skin diseases
10/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.3 Social/Cultural/Community aspects
Social/Cultural/Community aspects - 1
Community participation is a crucial element in solid waste management.
Informal waste recycling is often carried out by poor and marginalized social
groups who resort to scavenging/ waste picking for income generation
and some even for everyday survival.
The attitude of the formal waste management sector to informal recycling is
often very negative, regarding it as backward, unhygienic and generally
incompatible with a modern waste management system.
11/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.3 Social/Cultural/Community aspects
Social/Cultural/Community aspects -2
Community participation is a crucial element in solid waste management.
Informal waste recycling is often carried out by poor and marginalized social
groups who resort to scavenging/ waste picking for income generation
and some even for everyday survival.
The attitude of the formal waste management sector to informal recycling is
often very negative, regarding it as backward, unhygienic and generally
incompatible with a modern waste management system.
12/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.4 Scavengers and gender issues
Scavengers and gender issues
•
Scavengers (hand or waste pickers) – vulnerable, marginalized group
comprised mostly of women and children
•
occupational health risks high because of manual handling, lack of
protective clothing/equipment
13/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.4 Scavengers and gender issues
Scavengers and gender issues - 2
Gender Issues: differences between men and women
Men and women - different roles, gender differences shaped by ideological,
historical, religious, ethnic, economic and cultural determinants
Women
•
several roles in the household – running the household, earning income
waste handling is an important source of income for poorer women,
family care
•
mainly engaged in activities requiring less education, less skills, less
physical mobility
•
earn less than men, are more vulnerable to exploitation
14/20
15 – Stakeholders, Social, Cultural, Public Health Aspects
15.4 Scavengers and gender issues
Scavengers and gender issues - 3
Micro-enterprises in the waste sector - more often initiated, operated,
managed by men
Forces affecting position of women:
-
competition, inequality;
-
no vote in consultation/decision making process;
-
no access to capital;
-
no access to information/training;
-
living in inaccessible places.
15/20