Uji Kemampuan Bakteri Kitinolitik dari Nepenthes tobaica dan Nepenthes gracilis dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Beberapa Jamur Patogen Tanaman

  Achmad, Soetrisni, H., Herlinayana, M.N. & Setiawan, A. 2009. Patogenisitas Pada Semai Pinus merkusii dan Acacia mangium.

  Rhizoctonia solani Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika. 5(1) : 11-21.

  Amagase, S., Mori, M. & Nakayama, S. 1972. Digestive enzyme in insectivorous plants. IV. Enzymatic digestion of insects by Nepenthes secretion and extract : Proteolytic and chitinolytic activity. Journal

  Dorosera peltata Biochem. 72: 765-767.

  Asril, M. 2014. Kitinase Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.08 Sebagai Agens Biokontrol Penyakit Hawar Daun Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. [Tesis].

  Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana. Artati, R. 2008. Penapisan Pseudomonas spp. Dari Rizosfer Tanaman Kedelai

  Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Rizobakteria Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Dan Biokontrol Fungi Patogen. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana.

  Baehaki, A., Suhartono, M.T., Sukarno, Syah, D. & Sitanggang, AB. 2012.

  Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi Kolagenase dari Bacillus licheniformis F11.4 [Tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bohre, S.J., Vijayan, K. & Kodi, I.K. 2013. Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in

  Medicinally Important Nepenthes Species. Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine . 4: 1-3. Brurberg, M.B., Nes, I.F. & Eijsink, V.G.H. 1996. Comparative studies of chitinases A and B from Serratia marcescens. Microbiology. 142: 1581-1

  589. Chang, W.T., Chen, Y.C. & Jao, C.L. 2007. Antifungal Activity and Enhancement of Plant Growth by Bacillus cereus Grown on Shellfish Chitin Wastes.

  Biores Technol . 98(6):1224–1230.

  Chu S. B. & Alexander, M. 1972. Resistance and susceptibility of fungal spores to lysis. Transaclions of the British Mcologicat Society. 58: 489-497. Connel, T.D., Metzger, D.J., Lynch, J. & Folster, J.P. 1998. Endochitinase is

  Transported to the Extracellular milieu by the Eps-encoded General Secretory Pathway of Vibriocholerae. J Bacteriol. 180: 5591-5600. Dewi, I.M. 2008. Isolasi Bakteri dan Uji Aktivitas Kitinase Termofilik Kasar dari Sumber Air panas Tinggi Raja, Simalungun Sumatera Utara.

  Tesis. Universitas Sumatera Utara. El-Katatny, M.H., Smomitsch, W. & Robra, K.H., El-Katatny MS & Gilbitz GM.

  2000. Production of Chitinase and β 1,3-Glukanase by Tricoderma harzianum for Control of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.

  Food Technol Biotecnol .38:173-180.

  

Ellis, S.D., Boehm, J.M. & Mitechell, T.K. 2008.Fungal and Fungal-like Diseases

of Plants. Factsheet Agriculture and Natural Resources. PP401.07. The Ohio State University. Columbus. p 1-3.

  Ferniah, R.S., Purwantisari, S. & Pujiyanto, S. 2003. Uji Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik Sebagai Pengendali Hayati Patogen Kapang Penyebab Penyakit Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum). FMIPA. Laporan Penelitian.

  Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro. Giyanto, Suhendar, A. & Rustam. 2009. Kajian Pembiakan Bakteri Kitinolitik

  Pseudomonas fluorescens Dan Bacillus sp. Pada Limbah Organik Dan

  Formulasinya Sebagai Pestisida Hayati (Bio-Pesticide). Prosiding Seminar Hasil-Hasil Penelitian IPB 2009. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

  Gohel, V., Singh, A. Vimal, M. Aswini, P. & Chhatpar, H.S. 2006.

  Bioprospecting and Antifungal Potential of Chitinolitic Microorganims.

  African Journal of Biotechnology. 5: 54-72.

  Gooday, G.W. 1990. The Ecology of Chitin Degradation. Advances in Microbial K. C. Marshall (ed.) . 11: 387-430. Gultom, Y.E. 2015. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Kitinolitik dari Nepenthes

  tobaica dan Nepenthes gracilis. [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, Program Sarjana.

  Hendarsyah, D. 2006. Karakterisasi Kitin Deasetilase Termostabil Isolat Bakteri Asal Pancuran Tujuh, Baturaden, Jawa Tengah. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.

  Herrera, A.E. & Chet, I. 1999. Chitinase in Biological Control. In Chitin and Chitinase. PJ. and RAA. Muzarelli. editors. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag.

  Higashi, S., Akinori, N., Hideki, O., Mikiko, A. & Toshiki, U. 1993. Analysis of Feeding Mechanism in a Pitcher of Nepenthes hybrid. Journal of Plant Research . 106: 52-56.

  Indratmi, D. 2008. Mekanisme Penghambatan Colletotricum gloeosporioldes Patogen Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tanaman Cabai dengan Khamir Debaryomyces sp. Draft publikasi penelitian pengembangan IPTEK.

  Malang: Universitas Muhammaddiyah Malang. Kamil, K., Rizk, M., Saleh, M. & Moustafa, S. 2007. Isolation and identification of Rhizosphere Soil Chitinolytic Bacteria and Their Potential in Antifungal Biocontrol. Global J Mol Sci. 2(2):57-66. Karima, H.E.H. & Nadia, G.E. 2012. In vitro Study on Fusarium solani and

  Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Causing the Damping Off and Root Rot Diseases in Tomatoes. Nature and Science. 10(11) :16-25.

  Lawati, N. 2013. Pemurnian Parsial Dan Karakterisasi Enzim Kitinase Dari

  Beauveria bassiana. . [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.

  Lesmana, D. 2006. Penapisan Isolat-Isolat Bakteri Sebagai Agen Pengendali Hayati Jamur Rhizoctonia solani. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.

  Mardhiana, Yakup, P., Renih, H. & Dwi, P.P. 2012. Karakteristik dan Kemelimpahan Nepenthes di Habitat Miskin Unsur Hara. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal . 1: 51-55.

  Matsumoto, K.S. 2006. Fungal Chitinases. Advences in Agricultural and Food Biotecnology. Recearch Singpost. 2: 289-304. Mes, J.J. 1999. Molecular aspects of the interaction between tomato and

  Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. [Phd Thesis]. Amsterdam:

  University Of Amsterdam, FNWI: Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS).

  

Miller, A.S, Rowe, R.C & Riedel, R.M. 1986. Fusarium and Verticillium wilts of

tomato, potato, pepper, and eggplant. Extention Factsheet. Hyg-3122-96.

  The Ohio State University. Columbus. p 3.

  Mitsutomi, M., Kidoh, H., Tomita, H. & Watanabe, T. 1994. The action of Bacillus circulans WL-12 chitinases on partially N-acetylated chitosan.

  Biosci. Biochem. Biotech. 59 (3): 529-531. Muharni. 2009. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Penghasil Kitinase Dari Sumber

  Air Panas Danau Ranau Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Sains Penelitian. 912: 72-75.

  

Muis, A. 2007. Pengelolaan Penyakit Busuk Pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn.)

Pada Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 26(3): 100-103.

  Nurdebyandaru, N. 2008. Pemanpaatan Bakteri Kitinolitik Asal Perakaran Tanaman Cabai Sebagai Biokontrol Kutu Daun Aphis gossypii Glover [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana.

  Parani, K., Shetty, G.P. & Saha, B.K. 2011. Isolation of Serratia marcescens SR1 as a Source of Chitinase Having Potentiality of Using as a Biocontrol agent. Indian J Microbiol. 51(3):247–250. Prapagdee, B., Kuekulvong, C. & Mongkolsuk, S. 2008. Antifungal Potential of

  Extracellular Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus Against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Int J Biol Sci. 4(5): 330-337. Prihantoko, A. 2006. Penggunaan Isolat Bakteri Tanah Untuk Pengendalian

  Hayati Rhizoctonia solani Penyebab Busuk Kecambah Pada Tanaman Tomat. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana. Purba, F. 2010. Kelimpahan Bakteri Kitinolitik, Tahan Panas, dan Kelompok

  Fluoresen Pada Rizosfer Tanaman Pisang (Musa spp.) Serta Potensinya Dalam Menghambat Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. Cubense. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Sarjana. Purwani, E.Y., Toharisman, A., Chasanah, E., Laksmi, J.F., Welan, V., Suhartono,

  M.T., Purwadaria, T., Pyun & Hwang. 2002. Studi Pendahuluan Enzim Kitinase Ekstraseluler yang Dihasilkan oleh Isolat Bakteri Asal Manado.

  Jurnal teknol. dan Industri Pangan. 13: 111-117.

  Rahayu, S. 2000. Karakterisasi dan Pemurnian Enzim Kitinase dan Kitin Deasetilase Termostabil dari Bacillus sp. K29-14 Asal Kawah Kamojang, Jawa Barat. [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana.

  Rajarathnam, S., Shashrieka, M.N.J. & Bano, Z. 1998. Biodegradative and Biosynthetic Capacities of Mushrooms. Present and Future Strategies.

  Critical Reviews in Biotechnology .18: 91-236.

  Rustam. 2012. Potensi Bakteri Penghasil Senyawa Bioaktif Antijamur Untuk

  Pengendalian Penyakit Hawar Pelepah Padi. [Disertasi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana.

  Shin, K., Samkeun, L. & Byeongjin, C. 2007. Antifungal Activity of Plumbagin Purified from Leaves of Nepenthes ventricosa x maxima against Phytopathogenic Fungi. The Plant Pathology Journal. 23: 113.

  Sihombing, S. 2010. Kemampuan Bakteri Kitinolitik Lokal Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. Tanaman Kopi. [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara. Program Sarjana.

  Sivan, A. & Chet, I. 1989. Short Communication Cell Wall Composition Of Fusarium oxysporum. Soil Biol. Biochem. 21: 869-871.

  Sulistiyaningsih. 2008. Identifikasi Isolat Bakteri Penghasil Zat Antibakteri Dari Cairan Kantung Tanaman Kantung Semar (Nepenthes ampullaria, Jack).

  Bandung: Universitas Padjadjaran. Suryanto, D., Patonah, S. & Munir, E. 2010. Control of Fusarium Wilt of Chili With Chitinolytic Bacteria. Hayati J Biosci 17 (1) : 5-8.

  Suryanto, D., Irawati, N. & Munir, E. 2011. Isolation and Characterization of Chitinolytic Bacteria and Their Potential to Inhibit Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Microbiol Indones 5(2): 144-148.

  Susana. 2000. Analisis Introduksi Antagonis Untuk Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Layu (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense) Pada Pisang (Musa sapientum L.). [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana.

  Tjsujibo, H. Miyamoto, K. Nukui, E. Itoh, H. Sato, T., Kobayashi, T. Imada, C.

  Watanabe, E. & Inamori, Y. 2002. Molecular Analysis of the Gene Encoding A Novel Chitin-Binding Protease from Alteromonas sp. Strain O-7 and Its Role in the Chitinolytic System. Journal of Bacteriology.

  184: 1868-1872. Ulhoa. C.J. & Peberdy, J.F. 1991. Regulation of Chitinase Synthesis in

Trhichoderma harzianum. J Gen Microbiol . 137(9):2163–2169.

  Wharton, O. Kirk, W., Berry, D. & Snapp, S . 2007. Rhizoctonia Stem Cancer and Black Scurf Of Potato . Michigan Potato Diseases Extension Bulletin. E- 2994 . The Michigan State University. Michigan. p 1-3.

  Wijaya, S.K.S. 2002. Isolasi Kitinase dari Sleroderma columnare dan Trichoderma harzianum . Jurnal Ilmu Dasar. 3: 30-35. Woo, Joo, C., Yun, U. & Park, H.D. 1996. Isolation of Chitin-utilizing Bacterium and Production of Its Extracellular Chitinase. Journal of Microbiology

  and Biotecnology. 6: 439-444.

  Yurnaliza, Sebastian, M. & Langkah, S. 2011. Kemampuan Kitinase Streptomyces _.

  RKt5 sebagai Antijamur terhadap Patogen Fusarium oxysporum Jurnal Natur Indonesia . 14: 42-43. Yogiara. 2004. Analisis Komunitas Bakteri Cairan Kantung Semar (Nepenthes spp) Menggunakan Teknik Terminal Restriction Fragment Lenght

  Polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana.

  Yogiara, Suwanto, A. & Suhartono, M.T. 2006. A complex Bacteria Living In Pitcher Plant Fluid. Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia. 11(1):9-14.

  Zhang, Z., Yuen, G., Sarath, G. & Penheiter, A.R. 2001. Chitinase from The Plant Disease Biocontrol Agent, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia C3.

  Phytopathology. 91(2):203-211.