THE READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MA NU MU’ALIMAT KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 20112012 TAUGHT BY USING CAROUSEL BRAINSTORMING
THE READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH
GRADE STUDENTS OF MA NU MU’ALIMAT KUDUS
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012 TAUGHT BY
USING CAROUSEL BRAINSTORMING
By
HANIK PURNAYANTI
NIM : 2007-32-048
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2012
i
ii
THE READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH
GRADE STUDENTS OF MA NU MU’ALIMAT KUDUS
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012 TAUGHT BY
USING CAROUSEL BRAINSTORMING
Skripsi
Presented to
Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For Completing the Sarjana Program
In the English Education Department
By
HANIK PURNAYANTI
NIM : 2007-32-048
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2012
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto
Actually there is an easy after the difficulty. (Q.S: Al Insyiroh:6)
Experience is the best teacher
This day must be better than last day
Dedication:
Allah who always give full rohmah and
blessing
Her lovely husband, Mas Hartono
Her beloved, father and mother
Her dearest brothers and sisters, Mas Latif,
Mas Udin, Ika, Mbak Af and Mbak Danah
iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the skripsi of: Hanik Purnayanti (2007-32-048) has been
approved by the advisors for further approval by the Examining Committee.
Kudus,
March 2012
Advisor I
Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd
NIS.0610701000001190
Kudus,
March 2012
Advisor II
Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd
NIP.19810402 200501 2 001
Acknowledge by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This skripsi of Hanik Purnayanti has been approved by Examining Committee
as a requirement for the “Sarjana” degree in English Education Department.
Kudus,
March 2012
Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001190
, Chairman
Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd.
NIP. 19810402 200501 2 001
, Member
Rismiyanto, S.S, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001146
, Member
Nuraeningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 061701000001201
, Member
Acknowledge by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, the writer would like to praise Allah the Almighty for the blessing
given to me during my study and in completing this project entitled “The Reading
Comprehension of the Tenth grade student of MA Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic
year 2011/2012 taught by using Carousel Brainstorming. The writer also express her
sincere gratitude to:
1. Drs. Susilo Raharjo, M.Pd. as the dean of teacher training and education
faculty University of Muria Kudus
2. Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S., M.Pd as the head of English Education Department
Teacher Training and Education faculty University of Muria Kudus.
3. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd and Titis Sulistiyowati, S.S, M.Pd as the advisors
who have given their guidance, correction and suggestion wisely to improve
her skripsi extensively
4. Dra. Hj. Sri Indah as the Headmaster of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus for giving
permission to make a research in MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus.
5. Zulianah, S. Pd as the English teacher of the tenth grade students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus, thanks for willingness to share the teaching time.
6. The students of the Tenth Grade of MA NU Mu’allimat, thanks for your
participation.
7. Her beloved husband, H. M. Hartono who has given his love and
accompanied in sadness and happiness.
vii
8. Her father, H. Rif’an and her mother, Hj. Sunifah who have been always with
the writer, who have shared all something, and who have believed in reaching
her goal.
9. Her Brothers and her sisters, H. Abdul Harist Al Latief, H. Moh. Badruddin,
Aflakhah, S.Ag,
Khamdanah, S.P, and Siti Malihah who give deep
understanding in giving more time to complete her research.
10. All of her best friends, thanks for giving spirits and inspirations.
Finally, the writer expresses to thanks you very much for all of them who
have helped the writer in completing this skripsi.
Wassalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
Kudus,
March 2012
Hanik Purnayanti
2007-32-048
viii
ABSTRACT
Purnayanti, Hanik. 2012. The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of
MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Taught by
Using Carousel Brainstorming. Skripsi. English Department of Teacher
Training and Education, University of Muria Kudus. Advisors (i): Diah
Kurniati, S.Pd., M.Pd., (ii) : Titis Sulistyowati, S.S., M.Pd.
Keyword : reading comprehension, Carousel Brainstorming, narrative text,
descriptive text, and news item.
Reading is process doing someone to get some information in reading English
text, sometimes someone especially the student difficult to get some information. In
the text of English, there are the students difficult to understand of the text. It caused
their English vocabulary is limited. Consequently, sometimes there are students don’t
like to read English text. To overcome this problem, recently introduced and applied a
technique is Carousel Brainstorming. Carousel Brainstorming is a process to generate
ideas and solve problems especially with either large groups or with a large number
of issues. This technique is hoped can be skill well in reading comprehension of
English.
The writer makes objective of the research is: There is significant difference
between the reading comprehension of the Tenth Grade students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in the academic year 2011/2012 before and after being taught by
using Carousel Brainstorming.
This research design used in this study is experimental research. In doing the
research, the writer uses one group pretest-posttest design. The population in the
research is whole students of the tenth grade students of MA Mu’allimat Kudus in the
academic year 2011/2012. The sample cover one class is taken by cluster random
sampling. The writer only takes 48 students of class X.2 as research sample. The data
of the research was gathered by the test instruments and the data were analyzed using
t-test.
The result of the study shows that (i) the reading comprehension of the Tenth
grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus before being taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming get grade the mean is 50,16 and the standard deviation is 6,16, (ii) the
reading comprehension of the Tenth grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus
after being taught by using Carousel Brainstorming get grade the mean is 70 and the
standard deviation 6,04. And, (iii) there is a significant difference between the
reading comprehension of the Tenth grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in
the academic year 2011/2012 before and after being taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming. It can proved that in the level of significance 0,05 or (5%), the tobservation (to) is 11,7 and the result of t-table (tt) is 2,02 or t-observation > t-table.
ix
In other word, t-observation is bigger than t-table. Finally, the null hypothesis is
rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted.
Related to the result of the study, for the English teacher of MA NU
Mu’allimat kudus, they should give exposure and reinforcing practice of using
Carousel Brainstorming as alternative technique in the teaching of reading
comprehensions alternative. By using Carousel Brainstorming, teaching learning
process become effective and having minimized of the time. .In addition, for the tenth
grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus, they interest in reading comprehension.
They should have attention to understanding of the material which is given by the
teacher especially in the reading comprehension and enlarge English vocabulary to
understand the English words.
x
ABTRAKSI
Purnayanti, Hanik, 2012. Pemahaman Bacaan Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas X MA
NU Muallimat Kudus Tahun 2011/2012 yang diajar dengan
menggunakan Carousel Brainstorming. Skripsi. Program Studi Bahasa
Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muria
Kudus.
Pembimbing
(I):
Diah
Kurniati,
S.Pd.,
M.Pd,
(II): Titis Sulistyowati, S.S., M.Pd.
Kata kunci : Pemahaman Bacaan, Carousel Brainstorming, teks narrative, teks
descriptive, dan news item
Membaca adalah suatu proses yang dilakukan seseorang untuk mendapatkan
beberapa informasi. Di dalam membaca suatu bacaan yang berbahasa Inggris, ada
siswa yang kesulitan untuk memahami bacaan tersebut. Selain itu, terkadang juga ada
siswa yang tidak suka membaca suatu bacaan yang berbahasa Inggris. Untuk
mengatasi permasalahan ini, akhir-akhir ini mulai diperkenalkan dan diterapkan
sebuah teknik yaitu Carousel Brainstorming. Carousel Brainstorming adalah sebuah
proses yang dilakukan untuk mendiskripsikan secara umum suatu masalah baik dalam
kelompok yang banyak maupun pokok persoalan yang sangat panjang. Teknik ini
diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kemampuan dalam pemahaman bacaan yang
berbahasa Inggris.
Penulis membuat manfaat dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui adanya
perbedaan yang signifikan antara penguasaan Bahasa Inggris siswa kelas X MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus tahun Akademik 2011/2012 sebelum dan sesudah diajar dengan
mengguanakan Carousel Brainstorming.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah experimental
research. Dalam melaksanakan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan desain pretest
post test satu kelompok. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X
MA NU Mu`alimat Kudus tahun akademik 2011/2012. Sample yang digunakan
adalah cluster random sampling. Penulis hanya mengamil 48 siswa dari kelas X.2
sebagai sampel penelitian. Jenis instrumen yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah
test dan menggunakan rumus untuk menguji hipotesis, penulis menggunakan rumus ttest.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (i) penguasaan Bahasa Inggris siswa kelas
X.2 MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus akademik 2011/2012 sebelum diajar dengan
menggunakan Carausel Brainstorming mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 50,16 dan
nilai standar deviasi sebesar 6.16 (ii) penguasaan bahasa Inggris siswa kelas X.2 MA
NU Mu’allimat Kudus tahun akademik 2011/2012 sesudah diajarkan dengan
menggunakan Caraousel Brainstorming mendapat nilai rata-rata sebesar 70 dan nilai
standart deviasi sebesar 6,04 dan (iii) adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara
penguasaan bahasa Inggris siswa kelas X MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus tahun akademik
xi
2011/2012
sebelum
dan
sesudah
diajar
dengan
menggunakan
Carousel Brainstorming. Ini dapat dibuktikan bahwa pada level Signifikasi 0,05 atau
5%, hasil t-Observasi adalah 11,7 dan hasil dari t-tabel adalah 2.02 atau
t-observasi > t-table. Dengan kata lain, t-observasi lebih besar daripada t-table. Pada
akhirnya hipotesis nol ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif diterima.
Berdasarkan dengan hasil penelitian, peneliti memiliki beberapa saran. Bagi
guru bahasa Inggris MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus, mereka sebaiknya memberikan lebih
ekspose dan penekaran terhadap penggunaan Carousel Brainstorming sebagai
alternatif teknik di dalam pengajaran pemahaman bacaan. Melalui penggunaan
Carousel Brainstorning, pengajaran dan pembelajaran akan lebih efektif dan akan
mempersingkat waktu dari pembelajaran terlebih lagi, untuk para siswa kelas X MA
NU Mu’allimat Kudus, mereka seharusnya lebih tertarik di dalam pemahaman
bacaan. Mereka harus mempunyai perhatian yang lebih didalam pelajaran dan mudah
merasa senang untuk memahami materi-materi yang diberikan oleh guru, khususnya
didalam pemahaman bacaan dan penguasaan kosakata untuk memahami kata-kata
dalam bahasa Inggris.
xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER ................................................................................................................... i
PAGE OF LOGO…………………………………………………………………..ii
PAGE OF TITLE .................................................................................................... iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................... iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ..................................................................................... v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL .................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ix
ABSTRAKSI .......................................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ xiii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. xvi
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Research ............................................................................... 1
1.2
Statements of the Problem .................................................................................. 4
1.3
Objectives of the research ................................................................................... 4
1.4
Significances of the Research ............................................................................. 5
1.5
Scope of the Research......................................................................................... 6
1.6
Operational Definition ........................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Teaching English in MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus ....................................................... 7
2.1.1 Teaching Reading in MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus ...................................................... 8
2.2 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................................ 9
2.2.1 Type of Reading Comprehension .............................................................................. 9
2.3 The Materials of Reading Comprehension ................................................................ 11
xiii
2.4 Carousel Brainstorming ............................................................................................. 12
2.4.1 Definition of Carousel Brainstorming........................................................................ 12
2.4.2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Carousel Brainstorming ............................... 18
2.4.3 Steps of Carousel Brainstorming ............................................................................... 18
2.4.4 The Implementation of Carousel Brainstorming........................................................ 19
2.4.5 Previous Study of Carousel Brainstorming ................................................................ 20
2.5 The Formulation of Hypothesis ................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD
3.1
Design of the research ............................................................................................ 22
3.2
Subject of the Research ....................................................................................... 23
3.2.1
Population .............................................................................................................. 23
3.2.2
Sample.................................................................................................................... 24
3.3
Instrument of the Research .................................................................................. 25
3.4
Technique of Collecting Data .............................................................................. 28
3.5
Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................................................. 28
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH
4.1
Research Finding ..................................................................................................... 33
4.2
The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Before Being Taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming .......................................................................................................... 34
4.3
The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 After Being Taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming .......................................................................................................... 37
xiv
4.4
Hypothesis Testing .................................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION
5.1
The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Before Being Taught by Using Carousel
Brainstorming. ......................................................................................................... 42
5.2
The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 After Being Taught by Using Carousel
Brainstorming. ......................................................................................................... 44
5.3
The Significant Difference of The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade
Students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Before
and After Being Taught by Using Carousel Brainstorming. .................................... 45
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 47
6.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................................... 47
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
SYLLABUS
STUDENTS’ WORKSHEET
STATEMENT SHEET
CURRICULUM VITAE
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
3.1 Population of the Tenth grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in academic
year 2011/2012 ......................................................................................................... 25
3.2
The criteria and the score of teaching reading comprehension can be show in the
table below. ............................................................................................................... 30
4.1
The Score of the Reading Comprehension (pre-test) of the Tenth Grade Students
of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 taught by using
Carousel Brainstorming. ........................................................................................... 34
4.2
Frequency distribution of the Reading Comprehension (pre-test) of the Tenth
Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012
taught by using Carousel Brainstorming. ................................................................. 35
4.3
The Score of the Reading Comprehension (post test) of the Tenth Grade Students
of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 taught by using
Carousel Brainstorming. ........................................................................................... 37
4.4
Frequency distribution of the Reading Comprehension (post test) of the Tenth
Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012
taught by using Carousel Brainstorming. ................................................................. 38
4.5
Summary of reading comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 before and after taught by
using Carousel Brainstorming. ................................................................................. 39
xvi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
4.1
Page
The Reading Comprehension (pre-test) of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in Academic Year 2011/2012 taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming. .......................................................................................................... 36
4.2
The Reading Comprehension (pre-test) of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in Academic Year 2011/2012 taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming. .......................................................................................................... 38
xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices
Page
1. Schedule of Research Activity .......................................................................... 50
2. The Table of Specification of Try-out Test....................................................... 51
3. The Try-out Test of Reading Comprehension .................................................. 52
4. Key Answer the Try-out Test of Reading Comprehension ............................... 60
5. The Score of Try-out Test of Reading Comprehension .................................... 61
6. The Calculation of Try-out Reliability in the Reading Comprehension of the
Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year
2011/2012 Taught by Using Carousel Brainstorming ...................................... 63
7. The Calculation of Reliability of the Try-out Test............................................ 65
8. The Table of Specification of Pre-test .............................................................. 67
9. The Pre-test of Reading Comprehension .......................................................... 68
10. Key Answer the Pre-test of Reading Comprehension....................................... 91
11. Score of Reading Comprehension (Pre-Test) of the Tenth Grade Students of
MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 ......................... 92
12. The Calculation of Pre Test Data for the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Before Taught by
Using Carousel Brainstorming .......................................................................... 94
13. Lesson Plan of Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA
NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Taught by Using
Carousel Brainstorming .................................................................................... 98
14. Students’ Worksheet ......................................................................................... 123
15. The Table of Specification of Post-test of Reading Comprehension ................ 167
xviii
16. The Post-test of Reading Comprehension ......................................................... 168
17. Key Answer the Post-test of Reading Comprehension ..................................... 194
18. Score of Reading Comprehension (Post-Test) of the Tenth Grade Students of
MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 ......................... 195
19. The Calculation of Post Test Data for The Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 After Taught by Using
Carousel Brainstorming .................................................................................... 197
20. Table Before and After Score 48 Students ........................................................ 200
21. The Value of T-Table for Any Number Degree of Freedom ............................ 204
xix
GRADE STUDENTS OF MA NU MU’ALIMAT KUDUS
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012 TAUGHT BY
USING CAROUSEL BRAINSTORMING
By
HANIK PURNAYANTI
NIM : 2007-32-048
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2012
i
ii
THE READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH
GRADE STUDENTS OF MA NU MU’ALIMAT KUDUS
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012 TAUGHT BY
USING CAROUSEL BRAINSTORMING
Skripsi
Presented to
Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For Completing the Sarjana Program
In the English Education Department
By
HANIK PURNAYANTI
NIM : 2007-32-048
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
2012
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto
Actually there is an easy after the difficulty. (Q.S: Al Insyiroh:6)
Experience is the best teacher
This day must be better than last day
Dedication:
Allah who always give full rohmah and
blessing
Her lovely husband, Mas Hartono
Her beloved, father and mother
Her dearest brothers and sisters, Mas Latif,
Mas Udin, Ika, Mbak Af and Mbak Danah
iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the skripsi of: Hanik Purnayanti (2007-32-048) has been
approved by the advisors for further approval by the Examining Committee.
Kudus,
March 2012
Advisor I
Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd
NIS.0610701000001190
Kudus,
March 2012
Advisor II
Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd
NIP.19810402 200501 2 001
Acknowledge by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This skripsi of Hanik Purnayanti has been approved by Examining Committee
as a requirement for the “Sarjana” degree in English Education Department.
Kudus,
March 2012
Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001190
, Chairman
Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd.
NIP. 19810402 200501 2 001
, Member
Rismiyanto, S.S, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001146
, Member
Nuraeningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 061701000001201
, Member
Acknowledge by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, the writer would like to praise Allah the Almighty for the blessing
given to me during my study and in completing this project entitled “The Reading
Comprehension of the Tenth grade student of MA Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic
year 2011/2012 taught by using Carousel Brainstorming. The writer also express her
sincere gratitude to:
1. Drs. Susilo Raharjo, M.Pd. as the dean of teacher training and education
faculty University of Muria Kudus
2. Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S., M.Pd as the head of English Education Department
Teacher Training and Education faculty University of Muria Kudus.
3. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd and Titis Sulistiyowati, S.S, M.Pd as the advisors
who have given their guidance, correction and suggestion wisely to improve
her skripsi extensively
4. Dra. Hj. Sri Indah as the Headmaster of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus for giving
permission to make a research in MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus.
5. Zulianah, S. Pd as the English teacher of the tenth grade students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus, thanks for willingness to share the teaching time.
6. The students of the Tenth Grade of MA NU Mu’allimat, thanks for your
participation.
7. Her beloved husband, H. M. Hartono who has given his love and
accompanied in sadness and happiness.
vii
8. Her father, H. Rif’an and her mother, Hj. Sunifah who have been always with
the writer, who have shared all something, and who have believed in reaching
her goal.
9. Her Brothers and her sisters, H. Abdul Harist Al Latief, H. Moh. Badruddin,
Aflakhah, S.Ag,
Khamdanah, S.P, and Siti Malihah who give deep
understanding in giving more time to complete her research.
10. All of her best friends, thanks for giving spirits and inspirations.
Finally, the writer expresses to thanks you very much for all of them who
have helped the writer in completing this skripsi.
Wassalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
Kudus,
March 2012
Hanik Purnayanti
2007-32-048
viii
ABSTRACT
Purnayanti, Hanik. 2012. The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of
MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Taught by
Using Carousel Brainstorming. Skripsi. English Department of Teacher
Training and Education, University of Muria Kudus. Advisors (i): Diah
Kurniati, S.Pd., M.Pd., (ii) : Titis Sulistyowati, S.S., M.Pd.
Keyword : reading comprehension, Carousel Brainstorming, narrative text,
descriptive text, and news item.
Reading is process doing someone to get some information in reading English
text, sometimes someone especially the student difficult to get some information. In
the text of English, there are the students difficult to understand of the text. It caused
their English vocabulary is limited. Consequently, sometimes there are students don’t
like to read English text. To overcome this problem, recently introduced and applied a
technique is Carousel Brainstorming. Carousel Brainstorming is a process to generate
ideas and solve problems especially with either large groups or with a large number
of issues. This technique is hoped can be skill well in reading comprehension of
English.
The writer makes objective of the research is: There is significant difference
between the reading comprehension of the Tenth Grade students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in the academic year 2011/2012 before and after being taught by
using Carousel Brainstorming.
This research design used in this study is experimental research. In doing the
research, the writer uses one group pretest-posttest design. The population in the
research is whole students of the tenth grade students of MA Mu’allimat Kudus in the
academic year 2011/2012. The sample cover one class is taken by cluster random
sampling. The writer only takes 48 students of class X.2 as research sample. The data
of the research was gathered by the test instruments and the data were analyzed using
t-test.
The result of the study shows that (i) the reading comprehension of the Tenth
grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus before being taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming get grade the mean is 50,16 and the standard deviation is 6,16, (ii) the
reading comprehension of the Tenth grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus
after being taught by using Carousel Brainstorming get grade the mean is 70 and the
standard deviation 6,04. And, (iii) there is a significant difference between the
reading comprehension of the Tenth grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in
the academic year 2011/2012 before and after being taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming. It can proved that in the level of significance 0,05 or (5%), the tobservation (to) is 11,7 and the result of t-table (tt) is 2,02 or t-observation > t-table.
ix
In other word, t-observation is bigger than t-table. Finally, the null hypothesis is
rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted.
Related to the result of the study, for the English teacher of MA NU
Mu’allimat kudus, they should give exposure and reinforcing practice of using
Carousel Brainstorming as alternative technique in the teaching of reading
comprehensions alternative. By using Carousel Brainstorming, teaching learning
process become effective and having minimized of the time. .In addition, for the tenth
grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus, they interest in reading comprehension.
They should have attention to understanding of the material which is given by the
teacher especially in the reading comprehension and enlarge English vocabulary to
understand the English words.
x
ABTRAKSI
Purnayanti, Hanik, 2012. Pemahaman Bacaan Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas X MA
NU Muallimat Kudus Tahun 2011/2012 yang diajar dengan
menggunakan Carousel Brainstorming. Skripsi. Program Studi Bahasa
Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muria
Kudus.
Pembimbing
(I):
Diah
Kurniati,
S.Pd.,
M.Pd,
(II): Titis Sulistyowati, S.S., M.Pd.
Kata kunci : Pemahaman Bacaan, Carousel Brainstorming, teks narrative, teks
descriptive, dan news item
Membaca adalah suatu proses yang dilakukan seseorang untuk mendapatkan
beberapa informasi. Di dalam membaca suatu bacaan yang berbahasa Inggris, ada
siswa yang kesulitan untuk memahami bacaan tersebut. Selain itu, terkadang juga ada
siswa yang tidak suka membaca suatu bacaan yang berbahasa Inggris. Untuk
mengatasi permasalahan ini, akhir-akhir ini mulai diperkenalkan dan diterapkan
sebuah teknik yaitu Carousel Brainstorming. Carousel Brainstorming adalah sebuah
proses yang dilakukan untuk mendiskripsikan secara umum suatu masalah baik dalam
kelompok yang banyak maupun pokok persoalan yang sangat panjang. Teknik ini
diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kemampuan dalam pemahaman bacaan yang
berbahasa Inggris.
Penulis membuat manfaat dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui adanya
perbedaan yang signifikan antara penguasaan Bahasa Inggris siswa kelas X MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus tahun Akademik 2011/2012 sebelum dan sesudah diajar dengan
mengguanakan Carousel Brainstorming.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah experimental
research. Dalam melaksanakan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan desain pretest
post test satu kelompok. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X
MA NU Mu`alimat Kudus tahun akademik 2011/2012. Sample yang digunakan
adalah cluster random sampling. Penulis hanya mengamil 48 siswa dari kelas X.2
sebagai sampel penelitian. Jenis instrumen yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah
test dan menggunakan rumus untuk menguji hipotesis, penulis menggunakan rumus ttest.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (i) penguasaan Bahasa Inggris siswa kelas
X.2 MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus akademik 2011/2012 sebelum diajar dengan
menggunakan Carausel Brainstorming mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 50,16 dan
nilai standar deviasi sebesar 6.16 (ii) penguasaan bahasa Inggris siswa kelas X.2 MA
NU Mu’allimat Kudus tahun akademik 2011/2012 sesudah diajarkan dengan
menggunakan Caraousel Brainstorming mendapat nilai rata-rata sebesar 70 dan nilai
standart deviasi sebesar 6,04 dan (iii) adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara
penguasaan bahasa Inggris siswa kelas X MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus tahun akademik
xi
2011/2012
sebelum
dan
sesudah
diajar
dengan
menggunakan
Carousel Brainstorming. Ini dapat dibuktikan bahwa pada level Signifikasi 0,05 atau
5%, hasil t-Observasi adalah 11,7 dan hasil dari t-tabel adalah 2.02 atau
t-observasi > t-table. Dengan kata lain, t-observasi lebih besar daripada t-table. Pada
akhirnya hipotesis nol ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif diterima.
Berdasarkan dengan hasil penelitian, peneliti memiliki beberapa saran. Bagi
guru bahasa Inggris MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus, mereka sebaiknya memberikan lebih
ekspose dan penekaran terhadap penggunaan Carousel Brainstorming sebagai
alternatif teknik di dalam pengajaran pemahaman bacaan. Melalui penggunaan
Carousel Brainstorning, pengajaran dan pembelajaran akan lebih efektif dan akan
mempersingkat waktu dari pembelajaran terlebih lagi, untuk para siswa kelas X MA
NU Mu’allimat Kudus, mereka seharusnya lebih tertarik di dalam pemahaman
bacaan. Mereka harus mempunyai perhatian yang lebih didalam pelajaran dan mudah
merasa senang untuk memahami materi-materi yang diberikan oleh guru, khususnya
didalam pemahaman bacaan dan penguasaan kosakata untuk memahami kata-kata
dalam bahasa Inggris.
xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER ................................................................................................................... i
PAGE OF LOGO…………………………………………………………………..ii
PAGE OF TITLE .................................................................................................... iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................... iv
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ..................................................................................... v
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL .................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ix
ABSTRAKSI .......................................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ xiii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. xvi
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Research ............................................................................... 1
1.2
Statements of the Problem .................................................................................. 4
1.3
Objectives of the research ................................................................................... 4
1.4
Significances of the Research ............................................................................. 5
1.5
Scope of the Research......................................................................................... 6
1.6
Operational Definition ........................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Teaching English in MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus ....................................................... 7
2.1.1 Teaching Reading in MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus ...................................................... 8
2.2 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................................ 9
2.2.1 Type of Reading Comprehension .............................................................................. 9
2.3 The Materials of Reading Comprehension ................................................................ 11
xiii
2.4 Carousel Brainstorming ............................................................................................. 12
2.4.1 Definition of Carousel Brainstorming........................................................................ 12
2.4.2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Carousel Brainstorming ............................... 18
2.4.3 Steps of Carousel Brainstorming ............................................................................... 18
2.4.4 The Implementation of Carousel Brainstorming........................................................ 19
2.4.5 Previous Study of Carousel Brainstorming ................................................................ 20
2.5 The Formulation of Hypothesis ................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD
3.1
Design of the research ............................................................................................ 22
3.2
Subject of the Research ....................................................................................... 23
3.2.1
Population .............................................................................................................. 23
3.2.2
Sample.................................................................................................................... 24
3.3
Instrument of the Research .................................................................................. 25
3.4
Technique of Collecting Data .............................................................................. 28
3.5
Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................................................. 28
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH
4.1
Research Finding ..................................................................................................... 33
4.2
The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Before Being Taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming .......................................................................................................... 34
4.3
The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 After Being Taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming .......................................................................................................... 37
xiv
4.4
Hypothesis Testing .................................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION
5.1
The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Before Being Taught by Using Carousel
Brainstorming. ......................................................................................................... 42
5.2
The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 After Being Taught by Using Carousel
Brainstorming. ......................................................................................................... 44
5.3
The Significant Difference of The Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade
Students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Before
and After Being Taught by Using Carousel Brainstorming. .................................... 45
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 47
6.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................................... 47
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
SYLLABUS
STUDENTS’ WORKSHEET
STATEMENT SHEET
CURRICULUM VITAE
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
3.1 Population of the Tenth grade students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in academic
year 2011/2012 ......................................................................................................... 25
3.2
The criteria and the score of teaching reading comprehension can be show in the
table below. ............................................................................................................... 30
4.1
The Score of the Reading Comprehension (pre-test) of the Tenth Grade Students
of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 taught by using
Carousel Brainstorming. ........................................................................................... 34
4.2
Frequency distribution of the Reading Comprehension (pre-test) of the Tenth
Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012
taught by using Carousel Brainstorming. ................................................................. 35
4.3
The Score of the Reading Comprehension (post test) of the Tenth Grade Students
of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 taught by using
Carousel Brainstorming. ........................................................................................... 37
4.4
Frequency distribution of the Reading Comprehension (post test) of the Tenth
Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012
taught by using Carousel Brainstorming. ................................................................. 38
4.5
Summary of reading comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 before and after taught by
using Carousel Brainstorming. ................................................................................. 39
xvi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
4.1
Page
The Reading Comprehension (pre-test) of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in Academic Year 2011/2012 taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming. .......................................................................................................... 36
4.2
The Reading Comprehension (pre-test) of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in Academic Year 2011/2012 taught by using Carousel
Brainstorming. .......................................................................................................... 38
xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices
Page
1. Schedule of Research Activity .......................................................................... 50
2. The Table of Specification of Try-out Test....................................................... 51
3. The Try-out Test of Reading Comprehension .................................................. 52
4. Key Answer the Try-out Test of Reading Comprehension ............................... 60
5. The Score of Try-out Test of Reading Comprehension .................................... 61
6. The Calculation of Try-out Reliability in the Reading Comprehension of the
Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year
2011/2012 Taught by Using Carousel Brainstorming ...................................... 63
7. The Calculation of Reliability of the Try-out Test............................................ 65
8. The Table of Specification of Pre-test .............................................................. 67
9. The Pre-test of Reading Comprehension .......................................................... 68
10. Key Answer the Pre-test of Reading Comprehension....................................... 91
11. Score of Reading Comprehension (Pre-Test) of the Tenth Grade Students of
MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 ......................... 92
12. The Calculation of Pre Test Data for the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Before Taught by
Using Carousel Brainstorming .......................................................................... 94
13. Lesson Plan of Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of MA
NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 Taught by Using
Carousel Brainstorming .................................................................................... 98
14. Students’ Worksheet ......................................................................................... 123
15. The Table of Specification of Post-test of Reading Comprehension ................ 167
xviii
16. The Post-test of Reading Comprehension ......................................................... 168
17. Key Answer the Post-test of Reading Comprehension ..................................... 194
18. Score of Reading Comprehension (Post-Test) of the Tenth Grade Students of
MA NU Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 ......................... 195
19. The Calculation of Post Test Data for The Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mu’allimat Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012 After Taught by Using
Carousel Brainstorming .................................................................................... 197
20. Table Before and After Score 48 Students ........................................................ 200
21. The Value of T-Table for Any Number Degree of Freedom ............................ 204
xix