Korelasi Kadar Timbal Dalam Darah dengan Kadar Imunoglobulin E Total pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Lubis Bidasari, Nelly Rosdiana, Nafianti S, Rasyianti O, Panjaitan FM.
Hubungan keracunan timbal dengan anemia defisiensi besi. Cermin Dunia
Kedokteran. 2003;40: 17-21
2. Committee on environmental health. Lead exposure in children:
prevention, detection, and management. Pediatric. 2005;116: 1036-44
3. Iriani DU, Matsukawa T, Tadjudin MK, Itoh H, Yokoyama K. Cross
sectional study on the effect of socioeconomic factors on lead exposure in
children by gender in serpong, Indonesia. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
2012;9: 4135-49
4. CDC response to advisory committee on childhood lead poisoning
prevention. Recommendations in “Low level lead exposure harmns
children: a renewed call of primary prevention”. Diunduh dari:
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/cdc_response_lead_exposure_recs.
pdf. Diakses Maret 2015
5. Mener DJ, Esquinas EG, Acien AN, Dietert RR, Shargorodsky J, Lin SY.
Lead exposure and increased food allergic sensitization in U.S children
and adult. Int Forum of Allergy Rhinol. 2014;XX: 1-7
6. Farias P, Hernandez UA, Samchez LM, Sangraor JLT, Yanez LC,
Rodriguez HR. Lead in school children from Morelos, Mexico : Levels,
sources, and feasible interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
2014;11: 12668-82
7. Hassul K, Fatimah. Dampak alergi makanan pada prestasi belajar anak
usia sekolah. J of Ped Nursing. 2014;1: 1-4
8. Sudewi NP, Kurniati N, Suyoko EMD, Munasir Z, Akib AAP. Berbagai
teknik pemeriksaan untuk menegakkan diagnosis penyakit alergi. Sari
Pediatri. 2009;11:174-8.
9. B Sakkir, M Khidri, Sjafruddin A. Kadar timbal dalam darah pada anakanak di kota Makasar. J Kesehatan Masyarakat Madani. 2008;01
10. Lutz PM, Wilson TJ, Ireland J, Jones AL, Gorman JS, Gale NL, et al.
Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in children with exposure to
environmental lead. Toxicol. 1999;134: 63-78
11. Karmaus W, Dimitrov P, Kruse H, Osius N, Witten J. Exposure to heavy
metals and their effect on immunoglobulin levels in children. Diunduh dari
http://conferences.gnest.org/cest7/7CEST_oral_abstracts/53_412-418Karmaous.pdf. Diakses Maret 2015
12. Girsang E. Hubungan kadar timbal di udara ambien dengan timbal dalam
darah pada pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Terminal Antar Kota Medan
[Tesis]. Medan: Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara,
2008
13. Hasan W. Pencegahan keracunan timbal kronis pada pekerja dewasa
dengan suplemen kalsium. Makara Kesehatan. 2012;16: 1-8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
14. World Health Organization. Childhood Lead Poisoning. Switzerlanf: WHO
Press;2010.
15. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Lead. Diunduh dari:
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/. Diakses Maret 2015
16. Suherni. Lead Poisoning in Indonesia. September 2010. Diunduh dari
www.lead.org.au. Diakses Maret 2015
17. Murhadi, Suyitno, Vistha FM, Khasanah F, Murtinah S. Absorpsi timbal
(Pb) dalam gas buang kendaraan bermotor bensin dengan karbon aktif.
Diunduh
dari
http://directory.umm.ac.id/penelitian/PKMI/pdf/ABSORPSI%20TIMBAL.pdf
. Diakses Maret 2015
18. Wagiu AF, Wulur FH. Hubungan antara kadar timbal udara dengan kadar
timbal darah serta dampaknya pada anak. Sari Pediatri. 2006;8: 238-43
19. Ardyanto D. Deteksi pencemaran timah hitam (Pb) dalam darah
masyarakat yang terpajan timbal (plumbum). Diunduh dari
http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/KESLING-2-1-07.pdf.
Diakses
Maret 2015
20. Nordberg
G.
Lead.
Di
unduh
dari:
http://www.ilocis.org/documents/chpt63e.htm. Diakses Maret 2015
21. Dietert RR, Lee JE, Hussain I, Piepenbrink. Developmental
immunotoxicology of lead. Toxicol and applied pharmacol. 2004;198: 8694
22. Lowry JA. Oral chelation therapy for patients with lead poisoning. Kansas
city: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology. 2010:1-33
23. Ahamed M, Singh S, Behari JR, Kumar A, Siddiqui. Interaction of lead with
some essential trace metals in the blood of anemic children from
Lucknow, India. Clinical Chimica Acta. 2007;377: 92-7
24. Raspati H, Reniarti Lelani, Susanah S. Anemia defisiensi besi. Dalam:
Permono B, Sutaryo, Ugrasena IDG, Windiastuti E, Abdulsalam M,
penyunting. Buku Ajar Hematologi-Onkologi Anak. Edisi ke-3. Jakarta:
Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2012. h.30-43
25. Byers RK. Lead poisoning: review of the literature and report on 45 cases.
Pediatric. 1952;23: 585-603
26. Williams PL, Sergeyev O, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Burns JS, Humblet O, et
al. Blood lead levels and delayed onset of puberty in a longitudinal study
of Russian boys. Pediatric. 2010;125: 1089-95
27. Matondang CS. Respon imun. Dalam: Akib AA, Munasir Z, Kurniati N,
penyunting. Buku ajar alergi imunologi anak. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta: Ikatan
Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2010. h.7-18
28. Dietert RR, Piepenbrink MS. Lead and immune function. Crit Review in
Toxicol. 2006;36: 359-79
Universitas Sumatera Utara
29. Rachman O, Soepriadi M, Setiabudiawan B. Anafilaksis. Dalam: Akib AA,
Munasir Z, Kurniati N, penyunting. Buku ajar alergi imunologi anak. Edisi
ke-2. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2010. h.207-22
30. Munasir Z, Suyoko ED. Reaksi hipersensitivitas. Dalam: Akib AA, Munasir
Z, Kurniati N, penyunting. Buku ajar alergi imunologi anak. Edisi ke-2.
Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2010. h.115-31
31. Stone KD. Atopic disease of childhood. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2003;15:495–
511
32. Mishara KP. Lead exposure and its impact on immune system: a review.
Toxicol in vitro. 2009;23: 969-71
33. Matondang CS, Notoatmojo H, Kurniati N. Mekanisme Imun Penyakit
Infeksi. Dalam: Akib AA, Munasir Z, Kurniati N, penyunting. Buku ajar
alergi imunologi anak. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia;
2010. h.149-52
34. Freeman AF. Holland SM. The Hyper IgE Syndromes. Immunol Allergy
Clin North Am. 2008; 28: 277–viii.
35. Markowitz M. Lead poisoning. Dalam: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM,
Jenson HB, penyunting. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Edisi ke-19.
Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. h.2358-62
36. Taylor RJ. Fact sheet: nutrients that reduce lead poisoning. June 2010.
Diunduh dari www.lead.org.au. Diakses Maret 2015
37. Athare P. Lead poisoning in children. Indian J of Trauma and Emergency
Pediatric. 2013;5: 103-7
38. Ballew C, Bowman B. Recommending calcium to reduce lead toxicity in
children: a critical review. Nutr review. 2001;59: 71-6
39. Laboratorium Pramita
40. Pediatric allergy immunology working group of Indonesian pediatric
society. Kartu deteksi dini risiko alergi. Jakarta; 2010
41. Munasir Z. Pemeriksaan penunjang klinis. Dalam: Akib AA, Munasir Z,
Kurniati N, penyunting. Buku ajar alergi imunologi anak. Edisi ke-2.
Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2010. h.443-4.
42. Weninggalih E, Kartasasmita CB, Setiabudiawan B. Hubungan antara
atopi dengan riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga dan manifestasi
penyakit
alergi
pada
balita.
Diunduh
dari
http://journal.fk.unpad.ac.id/index.php/mkb/article/viewFile/258/pdf_117.
43. Tumbelaka AR, Riono P, Sastroasmoro S, Wirjodiarjo M, Pudjiastuti P,
Firman K. Dalam: Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S, penyunting. Dasar-dasar
metedologi penelitian klinis. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2013. h.
324-45
44. Moawad EMI, Badawy NM, Manawill M. Enviromental and occupational
lead exposure among children in Cairo, Egypt. Medicine. 2016;95:1-8.
45. Mutius EV. The environmental predictors of allergic disease. J allergy clin
immunol. 2000;105:9-19.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46. Rusjdi SR. Infeksi cacing dan alergi. J kesehatan andalas. 2015;4:322-5.
47. Jones RL, Homa DM, Meyer PA, Brody DJ, Caldwell KL, Pirkle JL, et all.
Trends in blood lead levels and blood lead testing among US children
aged 1 to 5 Years, 1988–2004. Pediatric. 2009;123:e376-85.
48. Li M, Cao J, Gao Z, Shen X, Yan C. The trend of lead poisoning rate in
Chinese population aged 0-18 years old: a meta-analysis. BMC public
health. 2015;15:1-12.
49. Naria E. Mewaspadai dampak bahan pencemar timbal (Pb) di lingkungan
terhadap kesehatan. J Komunikasi Penelitian. 2005: 66-72
50. Levallois P, St-Laurent J, Gauvin D, Courteau M, Prevost M, Campagna
C, dkk. The impact of drinking, indoor dust and paint on blood lead levels
of children aged 1-5 years in Montreal (Quebec, Canada). J Expo Sci and
Environ Epidemiol. 2014:185-191
51. Burke MG, Miller MD. Practical guidelines for evaluating lead exposure in
children with mental health conditions: molecular effects and clinical
implications. Postgrad med. 2011; 123:1-9.
52. Sun L, Hu J, Zhao Z, Li L, Cheng H. Influence of exposure to
environmental lead on serum immunoglobulin in preschooll children.
Environ Res. 2003;92:124-8.
53. Wells EM, Bonfield TL, Dearborn DG, Jackson LW. The relationship of
blood lead with immunoglobulin E, eosinophils and asthma among
children: NHANES 2005-2006. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014:217:196204.
54. Min JY, Min KB, Kim R, Cho SI, Paek D. Blood lead levels and increased
bronchial responsiveness. Biol trace ekem res. 2008;123:41-6.
55. Mohammed AA, Mohamed FY, Okda ESE, Ahmed AB. Blood lead levels
and childhood asthma. Indian pediatric. 2015;52:303-6.
56. Kim JH, Chang JH, Choi HS, Kim HJ, Kang JW. The association between
serum level and total immunoglobulin E levels according to allergic
sensitization. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016;30:e48-e52.
57. Yang SN, Hsieh CC, Kuo HF, Lee MS, Huang MY, Kuo CH, et al. The
effects of environmental toxins on allergic inflammation. Allergy Asthma
Immunol res. 2014;217:196-204.
58. Heo Y, Lee WT, Lawrence DA. Differential effects of lead and cAMP on
development and activities of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes. Toxicol Sci.
1998;43:172-85.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1. Lubis Bidasari, Nelly Rosdiana, Nafianti S, Rasyianti O, Panjaitan FM.
Hubungan keracunan timbal dengan anemia defisiensi besi. Cermin Dunia
Kedokteran. 2003;40: 17-21
2. Committee on environmental health. Lead exposure in children:
prevention, detection, and management. Pediatric. 2005;116: 1036-44
3. Iriani DU, Matsukawa T, Tadjudin MK, Itoh H, Yokoyama K. Cross
sectional study on the effect of socioeconomic factors on lead exposure in
children by gender in serpong, Indonesia. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
2012;9: 4135-49
4. CDC response to advisory committee on childhood lead poisoning
prevention. Recommendations in “Low level lead exposure harmns
children: a renewed call of primary prevention”. Diunduh dari:
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/cdc_response_lead_exposure_recs.
pdf. Diakses Maret 2015
5. Mener DJ, Esquinas EG, Acien AN, Dietert RR, Shargorodsky J, Lin SY.
Lead exposure and increased food allergic sensitization in U.S children
and adult. Int Forum of Allergy Rhinol. 2014;XX: 1-7
6. Farias P, Hernandez UA, Samchez LM, Sangraor JLT, Yanez LC,
Rodriguez HR. Lead in school children from Morelos, Mexico : Levels,
sources, and feasible interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
2014;11: 12668-82
7. Hassul K, Fatimah. Dampak alergi makanan pada prestasi belajar anak
usia sekolah. J of Ped Nursing. 2014;1: 1-4
8. Sudewi NP, Kurniati N, Suyoko EMD, Munasir Z, Akib AAP. Berbagai
teknik pemeriksaan untuk menegakkan diagnosis penyakit alergi. Sari
Pediatri. 2009;11:174-8.
9. B Sakkir, M Khidri, Sjafruddin A. Kadar timbal dalam darah pada anakanak di kota Makasar. J Kesehatan Masyarakat Madani. 2008;01
10. Lutz PM, Wilson TJ, Ireland J, Jones AL, Gorman JS, Gale NL, et al.
Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in children with exposure to
environmental lead. Toxicol. 1999;134: 63-78
11. Karmaus W, Dimitrov P, Kruse H, Osius N, Witten J. Exposure to heavy
metals and their effect on immunoglobulin levels in children. Diunduh dari
http://conferences.gnest.org/cest7/7CEST_oral_abstracts/53_412-418Karmaous.pdf. Diakses Maret 2015
12. Girsang E. Hubungan kadar timbal di udara ambien dengan timbal dalam
darah pada pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Terminal Antar Kota Medan
[Tesis]. Medan: Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara,
2008
13. Hasan W. Pencegahan keracunan timbal kronis pada pekerja dewasa
dengan suplemen kalsium. Makara Kesehatan. 2012;16: 1-8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
14. World Health Organization. Childhood Lead Poisoning. Switzerlanf: WHO
Press;2010.
15. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Lead. Diunduh dari:
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/. Diakses Maret 2015
16. Suherni. Lead Poisoning in Indonesia. September 2010. Diunduh dari
www.lead.org.au. Diakses Maret 2015
17. Murhadi, Suyitno, Vistha FM, Khasanah F, Murtinah S. Absorpsi timbal
(Pb) dalam gas buang kendaraan bermotor bensin dengan karbon aktif.
Diunduh
dari
http://directory.umm.ac.id/penelitian/PKMI/pdf/ABSORPSI%20TIMBAL.pdf
. Diakses Maret 2015
18. Wagiu AF, Wulur FH. Hubungan antara kadar timbal udara dengan kadar
timbal darah serta dampaknya pada anak. Sari Pediatri. 2006;8: 238-43
19. Ardyanto D. Deteksi pencemaran timah hitam (Pb) dalam darah
masyarakat yang terpajan timbal (plumbum). Diunduh dari
http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/KESLING-2-1-07.pdf.
Diakses
Maret 2015
20. Nordberg
G.
Lead.
Di
unduh
dari:
http://www.ilocis.org/documents/chpt63e.htm. Diakses Maret 2015
21. Dietert RR, Lee JE, Hussain I, Piepenbrink. Developmental
immunotoxicology of lead. Toxicol and applied pharmacol. 2004;198: 8694
22. Lowry JA. Oral chelation therapy for patients with lead poisoning. Kansas
city: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology. 2010:1-33
23. Ahamed M, Singh S, Behari JR, Kumar A, Siddiqui. Interaction of lead with
some essential trace metals in the blood of anemic children from
Lucknow, India. Clinical Chimica Acta. 2007;377: 92-7
24. Raspati H, Reniarti Lelani, Susanah S. Anemia defisiensi besi. Dalam:
Permono B, Sutaryo, Ugrasena IDG, Windiastuti E, Abdulsalam M,
penyunting. Buku Ajar Hematologi-Onkologi Anak. Edisi ke-3. Jakarta:
Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2012. h.30-43
25. Byers RK. Lead poisoning: review of the literature and report on 45 cases.
Pediatric. 1952;23: 585-603
26. Williams PL, Sergeyev O, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Burns JS, Humblet O, et
al. Blood lead levels and delayed onset of puberty in a longitudinal study
of Russian boys. Pediatric. 2010;125: 1089-95
27. Matondang CS. Respon imun. Dalam: Akib AA, Munasir Z, Kurniati N,
penyunting. Buku ajar alergi imunologi anak. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta: Ikatan
Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2010. h.7-18
28. Dietert RR, Piepenbrink MS. Lead and immune function. Crit Review in
Toxicol. 2006;36: 359-79
Universitas Sumatera Utara
29. Rachman O, Soepriadi M, Setiabudiawan B. Anafilaksis. Dalam: Akib AA,
Munasir Z, Kurniati N, penyunting. Buku ajar alergi imunologi anak. Edisi
ke-2. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2010. h.207-22
30. Munasir Z, Suyoko ED. Reaksi hipersensitivitas. Dalam: Akib AA, Munasir
Z, Kurniati N, penyunting. Buku ajar alergi imunologi anak. Edisi ke-2.
Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2010. h.115-31
31. Stone KD. Atopic disease of childhood. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2003;15:495–
511
32. Mishara KP. Lead exposure and its impact on immune system: a review.
Toxicol in vitro. 2009;23: 969-71
33. Matondang CS, Notoatmojo H, Kurniati N. Mekanisme Imun Penyakit
Infeksi. Dalam: Akib AA, Munasir Z, Kurniati N, penyunting. Buku ajar
alergi imunologi anak. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia;
2010. h.149-52
34. Freeman AF. Holland SM. The Hyper IgE Syndromes. Immunol Allergy
Clin North Am. 2008; 28: 277–viii.
35. Markowitz M. Lead poisoning. Dalam: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM,
Jenson HB, penyunting. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Edisi ke-19.
Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. h.2358-62
36. Taylor RJ. Fact sheet: nutrients that reduce lead poisoning. June 2010.
Diunduh dari www.lead.org.au. Diakses Maret 2015
37. Athare P. Lead poisoning in children. Indian J of Trauma and Emergency
Pediatric. 2013;5: 103-7
38. Ballew C, Bowman B. Recommending calcium to reduce lead toxicity in
children: a critical review. Nutr review. 2001;59: 71-6
39. Laboratorium Pramita
40. Pediatric allergy immunology working group of Indonesian pediatric
society. Kartu deteksi dini risiko alergi. Jakarta; 2010
41. Munasir Z. Pemeriksaan penunjang klinis. Dalam: Akib AA, Munasir Z,
Kurniati N, penyunting. Buku ajar alergi imunologi anak. Edisi ke-2.
Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2010. h.443-4.
42. Weninggalih E, Kartasasmita CB, Setiabudiawan B. Hubungan antara
atopi dengan riwayat penyakit alergi dalam keluarga dan manifestasi
penyakit
alergi
pada
balita.
Diunduh
dari
http://journal.fk.unpad.ac.id/index.php/mkb/article/viewFile/258/pdf_117.
43. Tumbelaka AR, Riono P, Sastroasmoro S, Wirjodiarjo M, Pudjiastuti P,
Firman K. Dalam: Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S, penyunting. Dasar-dasar
metedologi penelitian klinis. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2013. h.
324-45
44. Moawad EMI, Badawy NM, Manawill M. Enviromental and occupational
lead exposure among children in Cairo, Egypt. Medicine. 2016;95:1-8.
45. Mutius EV. The environmental predictors of allergic disease. J allergy clin
immunol. 2000;105:9-19.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46. Rusjdi SR. Infeksi cacing dan alergi. J kesehatan andalas. 2015;4:322-5.
47. Jones RL, Homa DM, Meyer PA, Brody DJ, Caldwell KL, Pirkle JL, et all.
Trends in blood lead levels and blood lead testing among US children
aged 1 to 5 Years, 1988–2004. Pediatric. 2009;123:e376-85.
48. Li M, Cao J, Gao Z, Shen X, Yan C. The trend of lead poisoning rate in
Chinese population aged 0-18 years old: a meta-analysis. BMC public
health. 2015;15:1-12.
49. Naria E. Mewaspadai dampak bahan pencemar timbal (Pb) di lingkungan
terhadap kesehatan. J Komunikasi Penelitian. 2005: 66-72
50. Levallois P, St-Laurent J, Gauvin D, Courteau M, Prevost M, Campagna
C, dkk. The impact of drinking, indoor dust and paint on blood lead levels
of children aged 1-5 years in Montreal (Quebec, Canada). J Expo Sci and
Environ Epidemiol. 2014:185-191
51. Burke MG, Miller MD. Practical guidelines for evaluating lead exposure in
children with mental health conditions: molecular effects and clinical
implications. Postgrad med. 2011; 123:1-9.
52. Sun L, Hu J, Zhao Z, Li L, Cheng H. Influence of exposure to
environmental lead on serum immunoglobulin in preschooll children.
Environ Res. 2003;92:124-8.
53. Wells EM, Bonfield TL, Dearborn DG, Jackson LW. The relationship of
blood lead with immunoglobulin E, eosinophils and asthma among
children: NHANES 2005-2006. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014:217:196204.
54. Min JY, Min KB, Kim R, Cho SI, Paek D. Blood lead levels and increased
bronchial responsiveness. Biol trace ekem res. 2008;123:41-6.
55. Mohammed AA, Mohamed FY, Okda ESE, Ahmed AB. Blood lead levels
and childhood asthma. Indian pediatric. 2015;52:303-6.
56. Kim JH, Chang JH, Choi HS, Kim HJ, Kang JW. The association between
serum level and total immunoglobulin E levels according to allergic
sensitization. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016;30:e48-e52.
57. Yang SN, Hsieh CC, Kuo HF, Lee MS, Huang MY, Kuo CH, et al. The
effects of environmental toxins on allergic inflammation. Allergy Asthma
Immunol res. 2014;217:196-204.
58. Heo Y, Lee WT, Lawrence DA. Differential effects of lead and cAMP on
development and activities of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes. Toxicol Sci.
1998;43:172-85.
Universitas Sumatera Utara