ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PADA PT. ANDALAN PRIMA INDONESIA DENGAN METODE SIX SIGMA - Binus e-Thesis

UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA

  _______________________________________________________________________ Program Studi Ganda

  

Teknik Industri – Sistem Informasi

  Skripsi Sarjana Program Ganda Semester Ganjil 2006/2007

  

SKRIPSI PROGRAM GANDA

UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA

  Gerry Havernant 0600656091

  ABSTRAK Masalah yang dihadapi perusahaan saat ini ialah banyaknya output yang cacat. Oleh karena itu penulis merasa perlu untuk meneliti berbagai macam faktor penyebab cacat dan menemukan solusi untuk mengurangi jumlah cacat yang terjadi. Penulis menggunakan metode six sigma untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada dan melakukan tindakan perbaikan terhadap permasalahan yang terjadi.

  Adapun metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahanyang terjadi adalah dengan menggunakan konsep DMAIC (Define Measure Analyze Improve Control), yaitu:

• Pada tahap Define, penulis membuat pernyataan proyek dari perusahaan, SIPOC (Supplier Input Process Output Customer), dan suara konsumen (VOC).
• Pada tahap Measure, penulis membuat CTQ (Critical To Quality), Peta kontrol

  (Control Chart) untuk mengendalikan proses, dan tingkat sigma untuk mengetahui tingkat sigma yang telah dicapai perusahan.

• Pada tahap Analyze, penulis membuat diagram pareto untuk mengetahui persentase cacat pada setiap factor yang menyebabkannya, dan diagram sebab akibat (Fishbone) untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab cacat.
• Pada tahap Improve, penulis membuat FMEA dan menentukan tindakan apa yang perlu diambil untuk mengurangi cacat dan meningkatkan kualitas produk.
• Pada tahap Control, penulis menuliskan langkah-langkah pengendalian yang dapat diambil agar proyek six sigma ini dapat berjalan sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku. Untuk mendukung jalannya proyek six sigma, maka diperlukan perancangan sistem informasi yang dapat mendukung proyek tersebut. Untuk itu, penulis membuat sistem berbasis OOAD. Penulis menggunakan UML. Komponen-komponen UML ini dipakai untuk membantu penyelesaian system informasi untuk perusahaan sehingga perancangan system menjadi lebih terarah.

KATA PENGANTAR

  Sebelumnya penulis mengucapkan syukur dan terima kasih kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa sehingga dapat menyelesaikan Skripsi ini.

  Walaupun tugas membuat Skripsi ini terasa berat oleh penulis, namun berkat bimbingan dari para dosen, akhirnya Skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan walaupun masih jauh dari kesempurnaan.

  Skripsi ini disusun berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari tempat penulis melakukan Kerja Praktek ditambah dengan penjelasan dari para dosen dan buku-buku yang ada hubungannya dengan topik Skripsi.

  Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan–kekurangan di dalam Skripsi, sehingga penulis sangat mengharapkan bantuan berupa saran dari para dosen serta cara- cara yang baik untuk menyusun karya ilmiah di masa yang akan datang.

  Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada para pembimbing yang telah meluangkan waktu untuk memberikan petunjuk dalam mewujudkan Skripsi ini, terutama kepada: Bapak Anggara Hayun ST, MT dan Bapak Alwisman Dahlan, Ir.

  Jakarta, Januari 2007 Gerry Havernant 0600656091

  

Daftar Isi

A BSTRAK ..........................................................................................................................

  K

  3.3.3. Pernyataan Proyek.........................................................................................20

  3.3.4. Pareto Diagram .............................................................................................21

  3.3.5. Peta Kontrol (Control Chart).........................................................................22

  3.3.6. Diagram Sebab Akibat (Fishbone Diagram).................................................24

  3.3.7. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)..................................................25

  3.3.8. SPC (Statistical Process Control)..................................................................30 3.4.

  V ARIASI .................................................................................................................32

  3.4.1. Variasi Penyebab Khusus (Special Causes)..................................................33

  3.4.2. Variasi Penyebab Umum (Common Causes)................................................33

  3.5. K

  ARAKTERISTIK

  K

  UALITAS

  UNCI

  3.3.1. Histogram.......................................................................................................19

  (C

  RITICAL TO

  Q

  UALITY

  ) ................................34

  3.6. T

  INGKAT

  S

  IGMA

  ....................................................................................................35

  3.7. M EMAHAMI P ROSES U NTUK P ENGUKURAN ...........................................................36

  3.8. S

  ISTEM

  I NFORMASI ................................................................................................37

  3.3.2. SIPOC Diagram ............................................................................................20

  IGMA ..........................................................................................19

  IV K ATA P ENGANTAR .............................................................................................................

  ...................................................................................................1 1.2.

  V DAFTAR ISI...............................................................................................................................................VI

  D

  AFTAR

  T

  ABEL .................................................................................................................

  IX D AFTAR G AMBAR ..............................................................................................................

  X D AFTAR L AMPIRAN ...........................................................................................................

  XI BAB 1 ................................................................................................................................1

  PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................................1

  1.1. L

  ATAR

  B

  ELAKANG

  I DENTIFIKASI M ASALAH DAN P ERUMUSAN M ASALAH .............................................2

  IX S

  1.3. R UANG L

  INGKUP ......................................................................................................3

  1.4. T UJUAN DAN M ANFAAT ...........................................................................................3

  1.4.1. Tujuan ..............................................................................................................3

  1.4.2. Manfaat ............................................................................................................3

  BAB 2 ................................................................................................................................5 GAMBARAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN...........................................................................5 BAB 3 ................................................................................................................................9 LANDASAN TEORI .........................................................................................................9

  3.1. P

  ENGENALAN

  S

  IX S

  IGMA

  .........................................................................................9

  3.2. DMAIC..................................................................................................................13

  3.3. P ERALATAN S

  3.9. O BJECT O RIENTED A NALYSIS AND D ESIGN ...........................................................40

  3.11. System Choice................................................................................................41

  5.2.2. Diagram Sebab Akibat (Fishbone Diagram).................................................77

  5.1.2. Measure ........................................................................................................67

  5.1.2.1. Karakteristik Kualitas Kunci (Critical to Quality) .................................67

  5.1.2.2. Pengendalian Proses Statistik (Statistical Process Control)...................68

  5.2. T

  AHAPAN

  A

  NALISA

  D

  ATA DAN

  P

  

EMBAHASAN

  ......................................................74

  5.2.1. Diagram Pareto..............................................................................................75

  5.2.3. FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)..................................................78

  5.1.1.3. Mendefinisikan Kebutuhan Pelanggan (VOC) ......................................65

  5.3. T AHAPAN U SULAN P ENINGKATAN DAN P ENERAPAN .............................................81

  5.3.1 Improve ...........................................................................................................81

  5.3.2 Control ............................................................................................................82

  5.4. P ENGEMBANGAN S

  ISTEM

  I NFORMASI .....................................................................82

  5.5. U SUL P ENGEMBANGAN S

  ISTEM

  I NFORMASI ......................................................83

  5.6. A NALISA DAN P EMBAHASAN S

  ISTEM YANG AKAN DIKEMBANGKAN .................85

  5.6.1. Problem Domain Analysis .......................................................................85

  5.6.1.1. Class Diagram ......................................................................................86

  5.1.1.4. Menetapkan Pernyataan Tujuan dari Proyek Six Sigma........................66

  5.1.1.2. Mendefinisikan Proses Kunci dengan Metode SIPOC Diagram ...........64

  3.12. Problem Domain Analysis .............................................................................42

  3.16. T

  3.12.1. Class ........................................................................................................42

  3.12.2. Structure ..................................................................................................43

  3.12.3. Behaviour ................................................................................................45

  3.13. Application Domain Analysis ........................................................................45

  3.13.1. Usage.......................................................................................................45

  3.13.2. Interface.......................................................................................................46

  3.13.3. Function ..................................................................................................46

  3.14. Architectural Design ......................................................................................47

  3.14.1. Criteria ....................................................................................................47

  3.14.2. Component ..............................................................................................48

  3.14.3. Deployment ..............................................................................................49

  3.15. Component Design.........................................................................................49

  3.15.1. Function Component...............................................................................49

  AHAPAN

  5.1.1.1. Mengidentifikasi Produk dan Proses yang Diteliti ................................59

  P

  ENGEMBANGAN

  S

  OFTWARE

  B

  ERORIENTASI

  O

  BJEK

  ...........................50

  BAB 4 ..............................................................................................................................53 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN.......................................................................................53

  4.1. M ODEL P EMECAHAN M ASALAH .............................................................................53

  BAB 5 ..............................................................................................................................59 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................................................59

  5.1. T AHAPAN P ENGOLAHAN D ATA .............................................................................59

  5.1.1. Define............................................................................................................59

  5.6.1.2. Statechart Diagram...............................................................................87

  5.6.2.1. Use Case Diagram................................................................................90

  5.6.2.2. Function List ........................................................................................91

  5.6.2.3. Sequence Diagram .............................................................................100

  5.6.2.4. User Interface .....................................................................................111

  5.6.2.4.1. Navigation Diagram .......................................................................112

  5.7. Architecture Design ....................................................................................120

  BAB 6 ............................................................................................................................122 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN......................................................................................122

  6.1. K ESIMPULAN ........................................................................................................122

  6.2. S ARAN ..................................................................................................................124 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................125 RIWAYAT HIDUP........................................................................................................127 LAMPIRAN...................................................................................................................128

  Daftar Tabel

Tabel 1.1 Tabel produk cacat dari PT Andalan Prima Indonesia ............................. 3Tabel 3.1. Pernyataan Masalah ............................................................................... 15Tabel 3.2. Voice of Customer ................................................................................. 17Tabel 3.2. Voice of Customer ................................................................................. 17Tabel 3.3. Kriteria Severity..................................................................................... 27Tabel 3.4. Kriteria Occurence ................................................................................. 28Tabel 3.5. Kriteria Detection................................................................................... 29Tabel 5.1. Data produk PT Andalan Prima Indonesia dari bulan Mei 2006 –

  Oktober 2006........................................................................................................... 60

Tabel 5.2 Data persentase produk cacat.................................................................. 60Tabel 5.3. Data popok Baby Pro cacat pada 1 Mei 2006 – 31 Oktober 2006....... 61Tabel 5.4 Data Persentase Error Popok pada bulan Mei 2006 – Oktober 2006..... 62Tabel 5.5 Data Penyebab Defects (Jenis) Cacat Produk ......................................... 63Tabel 5.6 Diagram SIPOC Proses Sortir Majalah bitmap....................................... 65Tabel 5.7 Project Charter ........................................................................................ 67Tabel 5.8 Data Pengamatan Cacat Popok Baby Pro…………………… … 69Tabel 5.9 Perhitungan UCL dan LCL Peta P......................................................... 70Tabel 5.10 Data Jenis Cacat ................................................................................... 73

  Tabel 5.11.1.Tabel FMEA Kemasan....................................................................... 78 Tabel 5.11.2.Tabel FMEA Popok ........................................................................... 79

Tabel 5.12 Event Table ........................................................................................... 86Tabel 5.13. Function List ........................................................................................ 92Tabel 5.14 Tabel Use Case Description input, update dan delete data produk dan data cacat................................................................................................................. 93Tabel 5.15 Tabel Use Case Description Mencetak data packaging dan data cacat 94Tabel 5.16 Tabel Use Case Description Mendefinisikan Produk dan Proyek ........ 95Tabel 5.17 Tabel Use Case Description Menghitung sigma level perusahaan ....... 96Tabel 5.18 Tabel Use Case Description Membuat Control chart ........................... 97Tabel 5.19 Tabel Use Case Description Mendefinisikan FMEA............................ 98Tabel 5.20 Tabel Use Case Description Mendefinisikan solusi dan langkah implementasi proyek ............................................................................................... 99Tabel 5.21. Tabel Arsitektur Client-Server........................................................... 120

  Daftar Gambar

Gambar 2.1. Partner PT Andalan Prima Indonesia ........................................... 6Gambar 2.2. Struktur Organisasi PT Andalan Prima Indonesia ....................... 7Gambar 5.1 Histogram Data Penyebab Jenis Cacat Bulan Mei 2006 –

  Oktober 2006................................................................................................... 63

Gambar 5.2 Peta Kendali ................................................................................ 72Gambar 5.3. Diagram Pareto majalah bitmap................................................. 76Gambar 5.4. Diagram Fishbone ...................................................................... 77Gambar 5.5. Class Diagram ............................................................................ 87Gambar 5.6. Statechart Diagram DMAIC...................................................... 88Gambar 5.7. Statechart Diagram Produk ........................................................ 88Gambar 5.8. Statechart Diagram Six_Sigma ................................................. 89Gambar 5.9. Statechart Diagram Data_Cacat ................................................. 89Gambar 5.11. Sequence Diagram Input Data_Produk ................................. 100Gambar 5.12. Sequence Diagram input Data_Cacat..................................... 101Gambar 5.13 Sequence Diagram input Pernyataan Misi .............................. 102Gambar 5.14 Sequence Diagram input CTQ ................................................ 103Gambar 5.15 Sequence Diagram input VOC................................................ 104Gambar 5.16 Sequence Diagram input Fishbone.......................................... 105Gambar 5.17 Sequence Diagram input SIPOC ............................................. 106Gambar 5.18 Sequence Diagram input Tingkat Sigma................................. 107Gambar 5.19 Sequence Diagram Control Chart ........................................... 108Gambar 5.20 Sequence Diagram Pareto Diagram ........................................ 109Gambar 5.21. Sequence Diagram Control .................................................... 110Gambar 5.22. Sequence Diagram mendefinisikan FMEA............................ 111Gambar 5.23. Navigation Diagram .............................................................. 112Gambar 5.24. Tampilan Login .................................................................... 113Gambar 5.25. Tampilan Data Produk ......................................................... 113Gambar 5.26. Tampilan Data Cacat............................................................ 114Gambar 5.27. Tampilan Pernyataan Misi ................................................... 114Gambar 5.28. Tampilan SIPOC .................................................................. 115Gambar 5.29. Tampilan VOC ..................................................................... 115Gambar 5.30. Tampilan CTQ...................................................................... 116Gambar 5.31. Tampilan Diagram Sebab Akibat (Fishbone)....................... 116Gambar 5.32. Tampilan Tingkat Sigma...................................................... 117Gambar 5.33. Tampilan FMEA .................................................................. 117Gambar 5.34. Tampilan Pareto Diagram ...................................................... 118Gambar 5.35. Tampilan Control Chart ......................................................... 119Gambar 5.36. Tampilan Lihat dan Cetak ...................................................... 119Gambar 5.37. Component Diagram .............................................................. 120Gambar 5.38. Deployment Diagram ............................................................. 121

  Daftar Lampiran

  Lampiran 1 Tabel Z Distribusi Normal..............................................128 Lampiran 2 Tabel Konversi DPMO ke Tingkat Sigma .....................130 Lampiran 3 Tabel Koefisien Dalam Batas – batas Peta Kontrol .......133