Pengaruh Volume Starter dan Agitasi dalam Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Nira Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Li ,Hongze., Cui, Sen Guon, Liuyang Jiaojiao., Jiaojiao, Yan., and Wang,
Liu Bao. 2015. “Review of renewable energy industry in Beijing:
Development status, Status,Obstacles And Proposals”. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 43 (2015) 711–725
[2]
Hasan, M.H., Mahliaa,T.M.I., and Nur, Hadi. 2012. “A Review on
Energy Scenario and Sustainable Energy in Indonesia”. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 : 2316– 2328
[3]
Tsigie,Yeshitila A., Wu, Chung-Hsan.,
Huynh, Lien Huong., Ismadji,
Suryadi., and Yi-Hsu Ju. 2012. “Bioethanol Production from Yarrowia
lipolytica Po1g Biomass”. Bioresource Technology xxx (2012) xxx–xxx
[4]
Dodic, Sinisa., Popov, Stevan, Dodic, Jelena., Rankovic., Zavargo., dan
Rada. 2009. “Bioethanol production from thick juice as intermediate of
sugar beet processing”. Biomas and bioenergy 33 (822-827).
[5]
Suntana, Asep S., Vogt, Kristiina A., Turnblom, Eric C., and Upadhye,
Ravi. 2009. ”Bio-Methanol Potential In Indonesia: Forest Biomass As A
Source Of Bio-Energy That Reduces Carbon Emissions”. Applied Energy 86
; S215–S221
[6]
Zheng, Dao-Qiong., Wu, Xue-Chang., Tao, Xiang-Lin., Wang, Pin-Mei.,
Ping Li, Xiao-Qin Chi, Yu-Dong Li,Qing-Feng Yan, And Zhao,Yu-Hua.
2011. “Screening and Construction Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strains
with Improved Multi-Tolerance and Bioethanol Fermentation Performance”.
Bioresource Technology 102 ; 3020–3027
[7]
Jannah, Asyeni Miftahul. 2010. “Proses Fermentasi Hidrolisat Jerami Padi
untuk Menghasilkan Bioetanol”. Jurnal Teknik Kimia No. 1 Vol. 17.
[8]
Wei, Ping, Li-Hua Cheng, Lin Zhang, Xin-Hua Xu, Huan-lin Chen,and
Gao, Cong-jie. 2014. “A review of membrane technology for bioethanol
production”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30 ; 388–400
[9]
Aparicio, Susana López., Hak, Claudia., Sundvor, Ingrid., and Sundseth,
Kyrre. 2014. “Understanding effects of bioethanol fuel use on urban air
quality: An integrative approach”. Energy Procedia 58 ; 215 – 220
26
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[10] Alvira, P., Pejo, E. Tomas., Ballesteros, M., Negro, M.J., 2009.
“Pretreatment Technologies For An Efficient Bioethanol Production Process
Based On Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Review”. Bioresource Technology 101,
4851-4861.
[11] Cardona, C.A., J.A. Quintero, and I.C. Paz. 2010. “Production of bioethanol
from sugarcane bagasse: Status and perspectives”. Bioresource Technology
101 ; 4754–4766
[12] Wijaya, I Made Anom Sutrisna., Arthawan, I Gusti Ketut., Sari, Anis
Novita., 2012. “Potensi Nira Kelapa Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol”.
Jurnal Bumi Lestari, Vol. 12, No.1, Hal. 85-92.
[13] Effendi, Dedi Soleh., 2010. “Prospek Pengembangan Tanaman Aren
(Arenga pinnata Merr) Mendukung Kebutuhan Bioetanol di Indonesia”.
Perspektif Vol.9, No.1, Hal. 36-46. ISSN : 1412-8004.
[14] Chairul dan Yenti, Silvia Reni. 2013. “Pembuatan Bioetanol dai Nira Nipah
Menggunakan Sacharomyces cerevisiae”. Jurnal Teknobiologi IV (2) : 105108. ISSN : 2087-5428
[15] Kismurtono, Muhammad. 2012. “Fed-batch Alcoholic Fermentation of Palm
Juice (Arenga pinnata Merr) : Influence of the Feeding Rate on Yeast, Yield
and Productivity”. ISSN : 2049-344
[16] Fahrizal, Yusya’ Abubakar, Murna Muzaifa, and Muslim. 2013. “The
Effects of Temperature and Length of Fermentation on Bioethanol
Production from Arenga Plant (Arenga pinnata MERR)”. Vol.3 No. 3 ISSN:
2088-5334
[17] Tangkuman, Herling D., Rorong, Johnly A., Pandara, Dolfie., Tamuntuan,
Gerald., 2010. “Produksi Bioetanol dari Nira Aren Menggunakan Energi
Geothermal”. Chem Prog, Vol. 3, No. 1.
[18] Lin, Yan., and Tanaka,. Shuzo. 2006. “Ethanol Fermentation from Biomass
Resources: Current State and Prospects”. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 69,
627–642.
[19] Ishak, M.R., Sapuan, S.M., Leman, Z., Rahman, M.Z.A., Anwar, U.M.K.,
Siregar, J.P., 2013. “Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata): Its Fibres, Polymers and
Composites”. Carbohydrate Polymers 91, 699-710
27
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[20] Irawan, Prima.,
Putri, Lollie A. P., dan Husni, Yusuf. 2013. “Pengaruh
Pemberian Giberellin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Aren (Arenga Pinnata
Merr)”. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi Vol.1, No.3. ISSN No. 2337- 6597
[21] Ho, C.W., Aida, W.M. Wan., Maskat, M.Y., Osman, H., 2006. “Changes in
Volatile Compounds of Palm Sap (Arenga pinnata) During The Heating
Process For Production of Palm Sugar”. Food Chemistry 102, 1156-1162.
[22] Sahari, J., Sapuan, S.M., Zainudin, E.S., Maleque, M.A., 2012. “A New
Approach to Use Arenga pinnata as Sustainable Biopolymer: Effect of
Plasticizers on Physical Properties”. Procedia Chemistry 4, 254-259.
[23] Pontoh, Julius., Gunawan, Indriani., Fatimah, Feti., 2011. “Analisis
Kandungan Protein Dalam Nira Aren”. Chem Prog, Vol. 4, No.2
[24] Lee, Wen Shiang., Chen, I Chu., Chang, Cheng-Hsiung., Yang, Shang
Shyng., 2012. “Bioethanol Production From Sweet Potato by CoImmobilization of Saccharolytic Molds and Saccharomyces cerevisiae”.
Renewable Energy 39, 216-222.
[25] Cheng, Ngoh Gek., Hasan, Masitah., Kumoro, Andri Chahyo., Ling, Chew
Fui., Tham, Margaret., 2009. “Production of
Ethanol by Fed-Batch
Fermentation”. Pertanika J.SCi & Technol 17 (2), 399-408. ISSN: 01287680.
[26] Ha, Jung Hwan., Shah, Nasrullah., Ul-Islam, Mazhar., dan Park, Joong Kon.
2011. “Potential of waste from beer fermentation broth for bio-ethanol
production
without
any
additional
enzyme,
microbial
cells
dan
carbohydrates”. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 49 (2011) 298-304.
[27] Dominguez-Bocanegra, Alma Rosa., Torres-Munoz, Jorge Antonio., dan
Lopez, Ricardo Aguilar. 2014. “Producion of Bioethanol from AgroIndustrial Wastes”.
[28] Romdhoni, Machrus Afif. 2014. “Pembuatan Bioetanol Darisen Teh Hijau
sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif”. JTM Volume 03 N. 02 11-19.
[29] Nguyen, Viet D., Aurensenia, Joseph., Kosuge, Hitoshi., Tan, Raymon R.,
dan Brondial, Yolanda. 2011. “Vacuum fermentation Integrated with
separation process for ethanol production.” Biochemical Engineering
Journal 55 (206-214).
28
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[30] Fauzi, A Rachman., Haryadi, Didik., dan Priyanto, Slamet. 2012. “Pengaruh
Waktu Fermentasi dan Efektivitas Adsobben dalam Pembuatan Biotanol
Fuel Grade dari Limbah Pod Kakao.” Jurnal Reknologi Kimia dan Industri
Vol.1, No. 1, Tahun 2012.
[31] Hadi, Sopyang., Thamrin., Moersidil, Setyo S., dan Bahry, Syaiful. 2013.
“Karakteristik dan Potensi Bioetanol dari Nira Nipah (Nypa fruticans) untuk
Penerapan Skala Teknologi Tepat Guna. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan.” ISSN
1978-5283.
[32] Sahari, J., Sapuan, S.M., Zainudi, E.S., dan Maleque. 2013. “Thermomechanical Behaviors of thermoplastic Strach Derived from Sugar Palm
Tree (Arenga pinnata).” Jurnal Carbohydrate Polymers 92 1711-1716.
[33] Lempang, Mody dan Mangopang, Albert D., 2012. “Efektivitas Nira Aren
Sebagai Bahan Pengembang Adonan Roti.” Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Wallacea, Vol. 1, No. 1, 26-35.
[34] Adawiyah, Dede R., Sasaki, Tomoko., dan Kohyama., Kaoru. 2013.
“Characterization of Arenga Starch in Ccomparison with Sago Strach.”
Jurnal Carbohydrate Polymers 92 (2013) 2306-2313
[35] Mulyawanti, Ira., Nurdi Setyawan, Andi Nur Alam Syah, Risfaheri. 2011.
“Evaluasi Mutu Kimia, Fisika Dan Mikrobiologi Nira Aren (Arenga
Pinnata) Selama Penyimpanan.” Jurnal Agritech, Vol. 31, No. 4.
[36] Haggstrom, Caroline., Rova, Ulrika., Brandberg., Hodge, David B., 2014.
“Integration of Ethanol Fermentation With Second Generation Biofuels
Technologies.”
[37] Saarela, Ulla., Leiviska, Kauko., dan Juuso, Esko. 2003. “Modeling of A
Fed-Batch Fermentation Process.” ISBN 951-42-7514-4
[38] Fan, Senqing., Chen, Shiping., Tang, Xiaoyu., Xiao, Zeyi., Deng, Qing.,
Yao, Peina., Sun, Zhaopeng., Zhang, Yan., Chen, Chunyan., 2015. Kinetic
“Model of Continuos Ethanol Fermentation in Closed-Circulating Process
With Pervaporation Membrane Bioreactor by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.”
Bioresource Technology 177, 169-175.
29
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[39] Tamunaidu, Pramila., Matsui, Naohiro., Okimori, Yasuyuki., and Shiro
Saka. 2013. “Nipa (Nypa Fruticans) Sap as A Potential Feedstock for
Ethanol.” Production. Biomass and Bioenergy 52 ; 96e102
[40] Generoso, Wesley Cardoso., Schadeweg, Virginia., Oreb, Mislav., Boles,
Eckhard., 2015. “Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae For
Production of Butanol Isomers.” Biotechnology 33, 1-7.
[41] Shahirah, Mohd Nasir Nor., Gimbun, Jolius., Pang, Sook Fun., Zakria,
Rossyuhaida Mohd., Cheng, Chin Kui., Chua, Gek Kee., dan Asras, Mohd
Fazli Farida. 2014. “Influence of Nutrient addition on the bioethanol yield
from oil palm trunk sap fermented by s.cerevisiae. Journal of Industrial and
Engineering Chemistry.”
[44] Dehkordi, Mohsen Mobini., Nahvi, Iraj., Esfahami, Hamid Zarkesh.,
Ghaedi, Kamran., Tavassoli, Manoochehr., Akada, Rinji., 2008. “Isolation
of a Novel Mutant Strain Of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by an Ethyl Methan
Sulfonate-Induced Mutagenesis Approach as a High Producer of
Bioethanol. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering.” Vol. 105, No.4, 403
408.
[45] MRC. Intruction Manual For Hand Held Refractometers. Laboratory
Equipment Manufacturer. Hagvish st.Israel.
[46] Jamaliah, Mustaofidatul. 2011. Sintesis Etanol Melalui Reaksi Hidrogenasi
Heksil Asetat dengan Menggunakan Berbagai Katalis. Skripsi Universitas
Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
[47] Revitasari, Reviana. 2014. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ragi dan Lama Fermentasi
Terhadap Perolehan Bioetanol dari Kulit Durian. Departemen Teknik
Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
[48] Perry, Robert H dan Green, Don. 1958. Perry’s Chemical Engineering
Hanbook. Edisi Keenam.
[49] Ihsan, Farihul dan Wahyudi, Anang. 2010. Teknik Analisis Kadar Sukrosa
Pada Buah Pepaya. Buletin Teknik Pertanian Vol. 15 No.1, 2010 10-12.
[50] Pinata, Dian danNafwa, Refdinal. Uji Kualitatif Etanol yang Diproduksi
Secara Enzimatis Menggunakan Z. Mobilis Permeabel. Prosing Skripsi
Semester Genap 2010/2011. SK-091304
30
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[51] Eka, Agustinus dan Halim, Amran. Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Nira Siwalan
Secara Fermentasi Fese Cair Menggunakan Ferminpan. Jurusan Teknik
Kimia. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Diponegoro.
[52] Mukhtar, K., Asgher, M., Hussain, K., dan Ziaul-Husnain, S. 2010.
“Comparative study on two comercial strains of s.cerevisiae for optimum
ethanol productionon industrial scale. Journal of Biomedicine and
biotechnology.”
[53] Oktaviani, Intan., Ahmad, Adrianto., dan Chairul. 2015. “Pengaruh Laju
Pengadukan Terhadap Biokonversi Reject Nanas Menjadi Bioetanol.” JOM
Fteknik Volume 2 No.1
[54] Jeckson, Edie., Ahmad, Adrianto., dan Muria, Sri Rezeki. 2014. “Pengaruh
Laju Pengadukan dalam Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Limbah Serabut Buah
Sawit Menggunakan Saccharomycess cerevisiae.” JOM Fteknik Volume 1
No.2
[55] Kurniawan, R., Juhanda, S., Syamsudin, R., dan Lukman., MA. 2011.
“Pengaruh Jenis dan Kecepatan Pengadukan pada Fermentasi Etanol Secara
Sinambung dalam Bioreaktor Tangki Berpengaduk Sel Tertambat.” Jurnal
STU 10 November 2011, ISSN : 1693-1750 Itenas.
[56] Kirk Orthmer, Fourth Edition. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
Volume 1, (John Wiley & Son Inc, 1945)
[57] Badan Standar Nasional, Etanol Nabati SNI 3565 : 2009, (Jakarta, 2009)
31
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1] Li ,Hongze., Cui, Sen Guon, Liuyang Jiaojiao., Jiaojiao, Yan., and Wang,
Liu Bao. 2015. “Review of renewable energy industry in Beijing:
Development status, Status,Obstacles And Proposals”. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 43 (2015) 711–725
[2]
Hasan, M.H., Mahliaa,T.M.I., and Nur, Hadi. 2012. “A Review on
Energy Scenario and Sustainable Energy in Indonesia”. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 : 2316– 2328
[3]
Tsigie,Yeshitila A., Wu, Chung-Hsan.,
Huynh, Lien Huong., Ismadji,
Suryadi., and Yi-Hsu Ju. 2012. “Bioethanol Production from Yarrowia
lipolytica Po1g Biomass”. Bioresource Technology xxx (2012) xxx–xxx
[4]
Dodic, Sinisa., Popov, Stevan, Dodic, Jelena., Rankovic., Zavargo., dan
Rada. 2009. “Bioethanol production from thick juice as intermediate of
sugar beet processing”. Biomas and bioenergy 33 (822-827).
[5]
Suntana, Asep S., Vogt, Kristiina A., Turnblom, Eric C., and Upadhye,
Ravi. 2009. ”Bio-Methanol Potential In Indonesia: Forest Biomass As A
Source Of Bio-Energy That Reduces Carbon Emissions”. Applied Energy 86
; S215–S221
[6]
Zheng, Dao-Qiong., Wu, Xue-Chang., Tao, Xiang-Lin., Wang, Pin-Mei.,
Ping Li, Xiao-Qin Chi, Yu-Dong Li,Qing-Feng Yan, And Zhao,Yu-Hua.
2011. “Screening and Construction Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Strains
with Improved Multi-Tolerance and Bioethanol Fermentation Performance”.
Bioresource Technology 102 ; 3020–3027
[7]
Jannah, Asyeni Miftahul. 2010. “Proses Fermentasi Hidrolisat Jerami Padi
untuk Menghasilkan Bioetanol”. Jurnal Teknik Kimia No. 1 Vol. 17.
[8]
Wei, Ping, Li-Hua Cheng, Lin Zhang, Xin-Hua Xu, Huan-lin Chen,and
Gao, Cong-jie. 2014. “A review of membrane technology for bioethanol
production”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30 ; 388–400
[9]
Aparicio, Susana López., Hak, Claudia., Sundvor, Ingrid., and Sundseth,
Kyrre. 2014. “Understanding effects of bioethanol fuel use on urban air
quality: An integrative approach”. Energy Procedia 58 ; 215 – 220
26
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[10] Alvira, P., Pejo, E. Tomas., Ballesteros, M., Negro, M.J., 2009.
“Pretreatment Technologies For An Efficient Bioethanol Production Process
Based On Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Review”. Bioresource Technology 101,
4851-4861.
[11] Cardona, C.A., J.A. Quintero, and I.C. Paz. 2010. “Production of bioethanol
from sugarcane bagasse: Status and perspectives”. Bioresource Technology
101 ; 4754–4766
[12] Wijaya, I Made Anom Sutrisna., Arthawan, I Gusti Ketut., Sari, Anis
Novita., 2012. “Potensi Nira Kelapa Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol”.
Jurnal Bumi Lestari, Vol. 12, No.1, Hal. 85-92.
[13] Effendi, Dedi Soleh., 2010. “Prospek Pengembangan Tanaman Aren
(Arenga pinnata Merr) Mendukung Kebutuhan Bioetanol di Indonesia”.
Perspektif Vol.9, No.1, Hal. 36-46. ISSN : 1412-8004.
[14] Chairul dan Yenti, Silvia Reni. 2013. “Pembuatan Bioetanol dai Nira Nipah
Menggunakan Sacharomyces cerevisiae”. Jurnal Teknobiologi IV (2) : 105108. ISSN : 2087-5428
[15] Kismurtono, Muhammad. 2012. “Fed-batch Alcoholic Fermentation of Palm
Juice (Arenga pinnata Merr) : Influence of the Feeding Rate on Yeast, Yield
and Productivity”. ISSN : 2049-344
[16] Fahrizal, Yusya’ Abubakar, Murna Muzaifa, and Muslim. 2013. “The
Effects of Temperature and Length of Fermentation on Bioethanol
Production from Arenga Plant (Arenga pinnata MERR)”. Vol.3 No. 3 ISSN:
2088-5334
[17] Tangkuman, Herling D., Rorong, Johnly A., Pandara, Dolfie., Tamuntuan,
Gerald., 2010. “Produksi Bioetanol dari Nira Aren Menggunakan Energi
Geothermal”. Chem Prog, Vol. 3, No. 1.
[18] Lin, Yan., and Tanaka,. Shuzo. 2006. “Ethanol Fermentation from Biomass
Resources: Current State and Prospects”. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 69,
627–642.
[19] Ishak, M.R., Sapuan, S.M., Leman, Z., Rahman, M.Z.A., Anwar, U.M.K.,
Siregar, J.P., 2013. “Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata): Its Fibres, Polymers and
Composites”. Carbohydrate Polymers 91, 699-710
27
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[20] Irawan, Prima.,
Putri, Lollie A. P., dan Husni, Yusuf. 2013. “Pengaruh
Pemberian Giberellin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Aren (Arenga Pinnata
Merr)”. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi Vol.1, No.3. ISSN No. 2337- 6597
[21] Ho, C.W., Aida, W.M. Wan., Maskat, M.Y., Osman, H., 2006. “Changes in
Volatile Compounds of Palm Sap (Arenga pinnata) During The Heating
Process For Production of Palm Sugar”. Food Chemistry 102, 1156-1162.
[22] Sahari, J., Sapuan, S.M., Zainudin, E.S., Maleque, M.A., 2012. “A New
Approach to Use Arenga pinnata as Sustainable Biopolymer: Effect of
Plasticizers on Physical Properties”. Procedia Chemistry 4, 254-259.
[23] Pontoh, Julius., Gunawan, Indriani., Fatimah, Feti., 2011. “Analisis
Kandungan Protein Dalam Nira Aren”. Chem Prog, Vol. 4, No.2
[24] Lee, Wen Shiang., Chen, I Chu., Chang, Cheng-Hsiung., Yang, Shang
Shyng., 2012. “Bioethanol Production From Sweet Potato by CoImmobilization of Saccharolytic Molds and Saccharomyces cerevisiae”.
Renewable Energy 39, 216-222.
[25] Cheng, Ngoh Gek., Hasan, Masitah., Kumoro, Andri Chahyo., Ling, Chew
Fui., Tham, Margaret., 2009. “Production of
Ethanol by Fed-Batch
Fermentation”. Pertanika J.SCi & Technol 17 (2), 399-408. ISSN: 01287680.
[26] Ha, Jung Hwan., Shah, Nasrullah., Ul-Islam, Mazhar., dan Park, Joong Kon.
2011. “Potential of waste from beer fermentation broth for bio-ethanol
production
without
any
additional
enzyme,
microbial
cells
dan
carbohydrates”. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 49 (2011) 298-304.
[27] Dominguez-Bocanegra, Alma Rosa., Torres-Munoz, Jorge Antonio., dan
Lopez, Ricardo Aguilar. 2014. “Producion of Bioethanol from AgroIndustrial Wastes”.
[28] Romdhoni, Machrus Afif. 2014. “Pembuatan Bioetanol Darisen Teh Hijau
sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif”. JTM Volume 03 N. 02 11-19.
[29] Nguyen, Viet D., Aurensenia, Joseph., Kosuge, Hitoshi., Tan, Raymon R.,
dan Brondial, Yolanda. 2011. “Vacuum fermentation Integrated with
separation process for ethanol production.” Biochemical Engineering
Journal 55 (206-214).
28
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[30] Fauzi, A Rachman., Haryadi, Didik., dan Priyanto, Slamet. 2012. “Pengaruh
Waktu Fermentasi dan Efektivitas Adsobben dalam Pembuatan Biotanol
Fuel Grade dari Limbah Pod Kakao.” Jurnal Reknologi Kimia dan Industri
Vol.1, No. 1, Tahun 2012.
[31] Hadi, Sopyang., Thamrin., Moersidil, Setyo S., dan Bahry, Syaiful. 2013.
“Karakteristik dan Potensi Bioetanol dari Nira Nipah (Nypa fruticans) untuk
Penerapan Skala Teknologi Tepat Guna. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan.” ISSN
1978-5283.
[32] Sahari, J., Sapuan, S.M., Zainudi, E.S., dan Maleque. 2013. “Thermomechanical Behaviors of thermoplastic Strach Derived from Sugar Palm
Tree (Arenga pinnata).” Jurnal Carbohydrate Polymers 92 1711-1716.
[33] Lempang, Mody dan Mangopang, Albert D., 2012. “Efektivitas Nira Aren
Sebagai Bahan Pengembang Adonan Roti.” Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Wallacea, Vol. 1, No. 1, 26-35.
[34] Adawiyah, Dede R., Sasaki, Tomoko., dan Kohyama., Kaoru. 2013.
“Characterization of Arenga Starch in Ccomparison with Sago Strach.”
Jurnal Carbohydrate Polymers 92 (2013) 2306-2313
[35] Mulyawanti, Ira., Nurdi Setyawan, Andi Nur Alam Syah, Risfaheri. 2011.
“Evaluasi Mutu Kimia, Fisika Dan Mikrobiologi Nira Aren (Arenga
Pinnata) Selama Penyimpanan.” Jurnal Agritech, Vol. 31, No. 4.
[36] Haggstrom, Caroline., Rova, Ulrika., Brandberg., Hodge, David B., 2014.
“Integration of Ethanol Fermentation With Second Generation Biofuels
Technologies.”
[37] Saarela, Ulla., Leiviska, Kauko., dan Juuso, Esko. 2003. “Modeling of A
Fed-Batch Fermentation Process.” ISBN 951-42-7514-4
[38] Fan, Senqing., Chen, Shiping., Tang, Xiaoyu., Xiao, Zeyi., Deng, Qing.,
Yao, Peina., Sun, Zhaopeng., Zhang, Yan., Chen, Chunyan., 2015. Kinetic
“Model of Continuos Ethanol Fermentation in Closed-Circulating Process
With Pervaporation Membrane Bioreactor by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.”
Bioresource Technology 177, 169-175.
29
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[39] Tamunaidu, Pramila., Matsui, Naohiro., Okimori, Yasuyuki., and Shiro
Saka. 2013. “Nipa (Nypa Fruticans) Sap as A Potential Feedstock for
Ethanol.” Production. Biomass and Bioenergy 52 ; 96e102
[40] Generoso, Wesley Cardoso., Schadeweg, Virginia., Oreb, Mislav., Boles,
Eckhard., 2015. “Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae For
Production of Butanol Isomers.” Biotechnology 33, 1-7.
[41] Shahirah, Mohd Nasir Nor., Gimbun, Jolius., Pang, Sook Fun., Zakria,
Rossyuhaida Mohd., Cheng, Chin Kui., Chua, Gek Kee., dan Asras, Mohd
Fazli Farida. 2014. “Influence of Nutrient addition on the bioethanol yield
from oil palm trunk sap fermented by s.cerevisiae. Journal of Industrial and
Engineering Chemistry.”
[44] Dehkordi, Mohsen Mobini., Nahvi, Iraj., Esfahami, Hamid Zarkesh.,
Ghaedi, Kamran., Tavassoli, Manoochehr., Akada, Rinji., 2008. “Isolation
of a Novel Mutant Strain Of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by an Ethyl Methan
Sulfonate-Induced Mutagenesis Approach as a High Producer of
Bioethanol. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering.” Vol. 105, No.4, 403
408.
[45] MRC. Intruction Manual For Hand Held Refractometers. Laboratory
Equipment Manufacturer. Hagvish st.Israel.
[46] Jamaliah, Mustaofidatul. 2011. Sintesis Etanol Melalui Reaksi Hidrogenasi
Heksil Asetat dengan Menggunakan Berbagai Katalis. Skripsi Universitas
Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
[47] Revitasari, Reviana. 2014. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ragi dan Lama Fermentasi
Terhadap Perolehan Bioetanol dari Kulit Durian. Departemen Teknik
Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
[48] Perry, Robert H dan Green, Don. 1958. Perry’s Chemical Engineering
Hanbook. Edisi Keenam.
[49] Ihsan, Farihul dan Wahyudi, Anang. 2010. Teknik Analisis Kadar Sukrosa
Pada Buah Pepaya. Buletin Teknik Pertanian Vol. 15 No.1, 2010 10-12.
[50] Pinata, Dian danNafwa, Refdinal. Uji Kualitatif Etanol yang Diproduksi
Secara Enzimatis Menggunakan Z. Mobilis Permeabel. Prosing Skripsi
Semester Genap 2010/2011. SK-091304
30
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[51] Eka, Agustinus dan Halim, Amran. Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Nira Siwalan
Secara Fermentasi Fese Cair Menggunakan Ferminpan. Jurusan Teknik
Kimia. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Diponegoro.
[52] Mukhtar, K., Asgher, M., Hussain, K., dan Ziaul-Husnain, S. 2010.
“Comparative study on two comercial strains of s.cerevisiae for optimum
ethanol productionon industrial scale. Journal of Biomedicine and
biotechnology.”
[53] Oktaviani, Intan., Ahmad, Adrianto., dan Chairul. 2015. “Pengaruh Laju
Pengadukan Terhadap Biokonversi Reject Nanas Menjadi Bioetanol.” JOM
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