t ing 0907573 table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Page ………………………………………………………….
Abstract
………………………………………………………
Acknowledgments……………………………………………………
Table of contents ……..…………………………………………………
List of tables ……………………………………………………….....
List of appendices ………………………………………………………
Page
ii
iii
iv
vi
viii
ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ……….………………………………
1.2 Purposes of the Study …………………………………………..
1.3 Research Questions ………..……………………………………
1.4 Scope of the Study ……….……………………………………..
1.5 Significance of the Study ……….………………………………
1.6 Definitions of the Terms ……….……………………………….
1.7 Organization of the Thesis………………………………………
1
3
4
4
4
5
6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Arguments for the Use of L1……………………………….....
2.2 Arguments Against the Use of L1…………………………......
2.3 The Stages of Teaching English to Young Learners ………….
2.4 The Characteristics of Young Learners ………………………..
2.5 The Research and Studies of L1 ……………………………….
7
16
18
22
28
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design ………………………………………………..
3.2 Site and Participants ……………………………………………
3.2.1 Profiles of the Site and the Participants ………………….
3.2.1.1 Schools and Students Profiles …………………………
3.2.1.2 Teachers Profiles ……………………………………….
3.3 Data Collection Method ……………………………………….
3.3.1 Observation ………………………………………………
3.3.2 Interview ………………………………………………….
3.4 Data Analysis …………………………………………………..
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33
34
34
37
38
39
40
41
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 The Teachers Use L1 in the Stages of
Teaching English to Young Learners ………………………….
4.2 The Functions of L1 in the Classroom …………………………
4.1.1 To Ask Questions………………………………………….
4.1.2 To Introduce New Words………………………………….
Metty Agustine Primary,2012
The Use Of First Language (L1) In Eyl Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia|repository.upi.edu
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4.1.3 To Review…………………………………………………
4.1.4 To Give Information ……………………………………..
4.1.5 To Give Directions ……………………………………….
4.1.6 To Lecture ………………………………………………..
4.1.7 To Praise …………………………………………………
4.1.8 To Criticize Students ………….….………………………
4.1.9 To Encourage …………………………………………….
4.1.10 To Respond Students’ Activity or Statement……………
4.3 Teachers’ Reasons for Using L1…………………………………
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56
58
60
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CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusions ……………………………………………………..
5.2 Implications of the Study ……………………………………….
5.3 Limitations of the Study and
Recommendations for Further Research ……………………….
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73
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………….
76
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………...
82
Metty Agustine Primary,2012
The Use Of First Language (L1) In Eyl Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia|repository.upi.edu
74
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1. Example of Transcripts of Classroom Observations …….
Appendix 2. The Interview Form …..………………………………….
Appendix 3. The Transcripts of Interview …………………………….
Metty Agustine Primary,2012
The Use Of First Language (L1) In Eyl Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia|repository.upi.edu
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The Reason for L1 Use ….……………………………………..
Table 3.1 Classroom Observations Schedule ……………………………
Table 4.1 The Frequency of Using L1 by Teachers ……………………..
Table 4.2 Functions of L1 Use …..………………………………………
Table 4.3 Instructional Purpose
……….……………………………
Table 4.4 Managerial Purpose ……………………………………………
Table 4.5 Affective Purpose …………………………………………….
Metty Agustine Primary,2012
The Use Of First Language (L1) In Eyl Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia|repository.upi.edu
Page
13
40
44
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63
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64
Approval Page ………………………………………………………….
Abstract
………………………………………………………
Acknowledgments……………………………………………………
Table of contents ……..…………………………………………………
List of tables ……………………………………………………….....
List of appendices ………………………………………………………
Page
ii
iii
iv
vi
viii
ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ……….………………………………
1.2 Purposes of the Study …………………………………………..
1.3 Research Questions ………..……………………………………
1.4 Scope of the Study ……….……………………………………..
1.5 Significance of the Study ……….………………………………
1.6 Definitions of the Terms ……….……………………………….
1.7 Organization of the Thesis………………………………………
1
3
4
4
4
5
6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Arguments for the Use of L1……………………………….....
2.2 Arguments Against the Use of L1…………………………......
2.3 The Stages of Teaching English to Young Learners ………….
2.4 The Characteristics of Young Learners ………………………..
2.5 The Research and Studies of L1 ……………………………….
7
16
18
22
28
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design ………………………………………………..
3.2 Site and Participants ……………………………………………
3.2.1 Profiles of the Site and the Participants ………………….
3.2.1.1 Schools and Students Profiles …………………………
3.2.1.2 Teachers Profiles ……………………………………….
3.3 Data Collection Method ……………………………………….
3.3.1 Observation ………………………………………………
3.3.2 Interview ………………………………………………….
3.4 Data Analysis …………………………………………………..
33
33
34
34
37
38
39
40
41
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 The Teachers Use L1 in the Stages of
Teaching English to Young Learners ………………………….
4.2 The Functions of L1 in the Classroom …………………………
4.1.1 To Ask Questions………………………………………….
4.1.2 To Introduce New Words………………………………….
Metty Agustine Primary,2012
The Use Of First Language (L1) In Eyl Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia|repository.upi.edu
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46
49
50
4.1.3 To Review…………………………………………………
4.1.4 To Give Information ……………………………………..
4.1.5 To Give Directions ……………………………………….
4.1.6 To Lecture ………………………………………………..
4.1.7 To Praise …………………………………………………
4.1.8 To Criticize Students ………….….………………………
4.1.9 To Encourage …………………………………………….
4.1.10 To Respond Students’ Activity or Statement……………
4.3 Teachers’ Reasons for Using L1…………………………………
50
51
52
54
56
58
60
61
62
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusions ……………………………………………………..
5.2 Implications of the Study ……………………………………….
5.3 Limitations of the Study and
Recommendations for Further Research ……………………….
70
73
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………….
76
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………...
82
Metty Agustine Primary,2012
The Use Of First Language (L1) In Eyl Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia|repository.upi.edu
74
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1. Example of Transcripts of Classroom Observations …….
Appendix 2. The Interview Form …..………………………………….
Appendix 3. The Transcripts of Interview …………………………….
Metty Agustine Primary,2012
The Use Of First Language (L1) In Eyl Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia|repository.upi.edu
80
93
94
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The Reason for L1 Use ….……………………………………..
Table 3.1 Classroom Observations Schedule ……………………………
Table 4.1 The Frequency of Using L1 by Teachers ……………………..
Table 4.2 Functions of L1 Use …..………………………………………
Table 4.3 Instructional Purpose
……….……………………………
Table 4.4 Managerial Purpose ……………………………………………
Table 4.5 Affective Purpose …………………………………………….
Metty Agustine Primary,2012
The Use Of First Language (L1) In Eyl Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia|repository.upi.edu
Page
13
40
44
47
63
64
64