ADELINE’S MOTIVATION TO BE ACCEPTED AND LOVED BY HER FAMILY AS SEEN IN HER NOVEL FALLING LEAVES A THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

  

ADELINE’S MOTIVATION TO BE ACCEPTED AND LOVED BY HER

FAMILY AS SEEN IN HER NOVEL FALLING LEAVES

A THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

  By Francisca Indra Triana Puspitasari

  Student Number: 071214083

  

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2012

  

ADELINE’S MOTIVATION TO BE ACCEPTED AND LOVED BY HER

FAMILY AS SEEN IN HER NOVEL FALLING LEAVES

A THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

  By Francisca Indra Triana Puspitasari

  Student Number: 071214083

  

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2012

  A Thesis on ADELINE’S MOTIVATION TO BE ACCEPTED AND LOVED BY HER

  FAMILY AS SEEN IN HER NOVEL FALLING LEAVES By

  Francisca Indra Triana Puspitasari Student Number: 071214083

  Defended before the Board of Examiners on 9 February 2012 and Declared Acceptable

  Board of Examiners

  Chairperson : C. Tutyandari, S.Pd., M.Pd. _________________ Secretary : Drs. Barli Bram, M.Ed., Ph.D. _________________ Member : Henny Herawati, S.Pd., M.Hum. _________________ Member : Dr. Retno Muljani, M.Pd. _________________ Member : V. Triprihatmini, S.Pd., M.Hum., M.A. _________________

  Yogyakarta, 9 February 2012 Faculty of Teachers Training and Education Sanata Dharma University Dean, Rohandi, Ph.D.

  The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams

• Eleanor Roosevelt-

  Whatever you do, do with kindness.

  

Whatever you say, say with kindness.

  

Wherever you go, radiate kindness.

• - Jonathan Lockwood Huie-

  Dedicate with love and gratitude to: My beloved parents,

  My sister and my brother, My friends

  

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY

  I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should.

  Yogyakarta, 9 February 2012 The Writer

  Francisca Indra Triana Puspitasari 071214083 v

  

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

  Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Francisca Indra Triana Puspitasari Nomor Mahasiswa : 071214083

  Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

  

ADELINE’S MOTIVATION TO BE ACCEPTED AND LOVED BY HER

FAMILY AS SEEN IN HER NOVEL FALLING LEAVES

  beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Yogyakarta, 9 Februari 2012 Yang menyatakan Francisca Indra Triana Puspitasari

  

ABSTRACT

  Francisca, Indra Triana Puspitasari (2012):

  Adeline’s Motivation to be Accepted and Loved by Her Family As Seen in Her Novel Falling Leaves.

  Yogyakarta: English Education Study Program. Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University. Moody said that a literary work may bring us back to the reality of human’s satisfaction, problems, feelings, and relationship. By reading literature, we can enrich our knowledge and our experience since literature is the reflection of human life. The object of this study is Falling Leaves by Adeline Yen Mah. There is a painful story of her life which is to be the most basic of human needs: acceptance, love, and understanding. Motivational acts may be seen in this novel through Adeline’s motivation in achieving her dream to be accepted and loved by her family.

  The research problems of this study are (1) How are Adeline’s character traits described related to her motivation to be accepted and loved by her family? and (2) What are

  Adeline’s motivations to be accepted and loved by her family as seen in Adeline’s novel Falling Leaves? The objective of the study is to reveal Adeline’s motivation to conduct actions in order to satisfy her needs to be accepted and loved by her family. The aim of this study is to know

  Adeline’s motivation to be accepted and loved by her family. In conducting this study, library research method is used. The primary data were gained from the novel Falling Leaves that was written by Adeline Yen Mah. The secondary data were gained from various books and Internet sources related to psychology and motivation theories. Relating to the problems presented, this study mainly used psychological approach. The theories used are theory of motivation, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation theories. Those theories are used as tools to analyze Adeline’s motivation to be accepted and loved by her family. Theory of characterization is also used to analyze

  Adeline’s characters that can be her intrinsic motivation. This study concludes some of

  Adeline’s traits that she is smart, solemn, brave, and ambitious. Her intrinsic motivations are her ambition and faithfulness that she hopes her family will accept and love her. Her extrinsic motivations are not only comic books that give her hope in struggling and facing problems but also from some her family: her brother, James, Aunt Baba, and Ye Ye. They care and support Adeline. They always give her advice to do the best in her life especially in education. Finally, she is motivated in order to be accepted and loved by her family.

  Keywords: motivation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation

  

ABSTRAK

  Francisca, Indra Triana Puspitasari (2012): A

  deline’s Motivation to be Accepted and Loved by Her Family As Seen in Her Novel Falling Leaves.

  Yogyakarta: English Education Study Program. Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University. Moody mengatakan bahwa sebuah karya sastra dapat membawa kita ke dalam kepuasan, permasalahan, perasaan, dan hubungan manusia dalam kehidupan nyata. Dengan membaca karya sastra, kita dapat memperkaya pengetahuan dan pengalaman kita selama karya sastra tersebut merupakan refleksi dari kehidupan manusia. Obyek dari studi ini adalah Falling Leaves oleh Adeline Yen Mah. Sebuah cerita yang menyakitkan dari kehidupannya yang merupakan dasar dari kebutuhan manusia: penerimaan, cinta, dan pengertian. Tindakan motivasi dapat dilihat dalam novel ini melalui motivasi Adeline untuk meraih mimpinya agar diterima dan dicintai oleh keluarganya.

  Rumusan permasalahan dari skripsi ini adalah (1) Bagaimanakah karakter Adeline dideskripsikan sehubungan dengan motivasinya agar diterima dan dicintai oleh keluarganya? dan (2) Apa sajakah motivasi Adeline untuk diterima dan dicintai oleh keluarganya? Sasaran dari studi ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan motivasi Adeline untuk melakukan aksi agar dapat memuaskan kebutuhannya untuk diterima dan dicintai oleh keluarganya. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui motivasi Adeline untuk diterima dan dicintai oleh keluarganya.

  Dalam mengadakan studi ini, metode studi pustaka digunakan. Sumber utama yaitu diambil dari novel Falling Leaves yang ditulis oleh Adeline Yen Mah. Sumber sekunder diambil dari bermacam buku dan data internet yang berhubungan dengan teori-teori psikologi dan motivasi. Berhubungan dengan permasalahan yang dibahas, studi ini menggunakan pendekatan psikologis. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori motivasi, dan teori motivasi intrinsik dan motivasi ekstrinsik. Teori-teori tersebut digunakan sebagai alat untuk menganalisis motivasi Adeline untuk diterima dan dicintai oleh keluarganya. Teori karakteristik juga digunakan untuk menganalisis karakter Adeline yang digunakan sebagai motivasi intrinsik nya.

  Studi ini menyimpulkan karakter Adeline bahwa dia pintar, patuh, berani, dan berambisi. Motivasi intrinsiknya yaitu ambisi dan kepatuhannya yang mana dia berharap keluarganya akan menerima dan mencintainya. Motivasi ekstrinsiknya tidak hanya buku komik yang memberinya harapan dan berusaha dan menghadapi permasalannya tetapi juga dari beberapa keluarganya: kakaknya, James, Aunt Baba, dan Ye Ye. Mereka peduli dan mendukung Adeline. Mereka selalu member nasehat untuk melakukan yang terbaik dalam hidupnya, terutama dalam hal pendidikan. Akhirnya dia termotivasi agar diterima dan dicintai oleh keluarganya.

  Kata kunci: motivasi, motivasi intrinsic, motivasi ekstrinsik

  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

  Firstly, I would like to express greatest gratitude to Jesus Christ for His blessing, guidance, and love so that finally I can accomplish my study. His never ending love has become my hope and my strength to endure the problems and the hard moments in my life. He always makes everything beautiful right on time.

  I would like to present my deepest gratitude to my beloved sponsor Henny

  

Herawaty, S.Pd., M.Hum. for her willingness to spend her times to read and correct

  my thesis. I am really grateful for her time, patience, advices, and encouragement from the beginning until the end of my thesis accomplishment.

  I would like to thank other PBI lecturers for their roles in improving my knowledge and self-quality. I also thank the staff of PBI secretariat for helping me in dealing with the administration matters and to

  the Sanata Dharma’s library staff

  for their friendliness and support when I was completing the supporting data for my thesis I would like to express my deepest and never ending gratitude to my beloved

  Bapak Robertus Prayono, S.Sos., S.Ag. and Ibu Yustina Tumarni for their amazing prayers, love, patience, and great support so that I could finish my study. I would also like to express my gratitude to my beloved sister Maria Theresia Indra

  

Anita and my beloved brother Antonius Indra Anianto for their unique support and

love that exist in my life.

  ix I do thank Yohanes Denna Wahyudi for his love and support. I also thank him for always encouraging me and never letting me down to finish my thesis. I really do thank him to give his time for sharing.

  I would like to express my warmest and endless love to my beloved cousins,

  

Agnes Armita Ekarista and Anna Ekaningtyas , my best friends Ephipana Ratri,

Santi Duwi Putri, Prisca Widyaningrum, Ganis Widyapsasmi, and Floriana

Tiagita for always supporting me. I also thank them for giving so many colors in my

  life and for always being so understanding and patient. They are amazing people in my life. I would like to thank Agung Tri Nugroho and Laurensius Bretya Anindito for spending their time in correcting and supporting my thesis. I would like to thank

  

PBI 2007, especially Gabriella Sandya Puspita and class B for our togetherness

  (Anti, Noti, Katrok, Trek, Fendi, Nisa, Gwen, Midhut, Indah, Om Alfon, Banu, and Asoy).

  Last but not least, I also thank my friends that I cannot mention their names one by one.

  Francisca Indra Triana Puspitasari x

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  Page TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................. i APPROVAL PAGES ...................................................................................... ii DEDICATION PAGE .................................................................................... iv STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY .............................................. v

  PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ........................................... vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vii

  

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ viii

  ACNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xi LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xiv

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ..........................................................

  1 1.2 Problem Formulation ................................................................

  3 1.3 Objective of the Study ..............................................................

  4 1.4 Benefit of the Study ..................................................................

  4 1.5 Definition of Terms ..................................................................

  5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF ELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Theory of Psychological Approach ..........................................

  7 2.1.1 Theory of Motivation ........................................................

  8 2.1.1.1 Definition of Motivation .........................................

  8

  2.1.1.2 Kinds of Motivation ................................................

  9 2.1.1.2.1 Intrinsic Motivation ....................................

  9 2.1.1.2.2 Extrinsic Motivation ...................................

  9 2.2 Theory of Characterization .......................................................

  10 2.3 Theoretical Framework .............................................................

  12 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Object of the Study ...................................................................

  14 3.2 Approach of the Study ..............................................................

  16 3.3 Research Procedures .................................................................

  17 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

  4.1 Adeline’s Character Traits ......................................................... 19 4.1.1 Solemn ..............................................................................

  20 4.1.2 Smart .................................................................................

  21 4.1.3 Brave .................................................................................

  24 4.1.4 Ambitious ..........................................................................

  26

  4.2 Adeline’s Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation to be Accepted and Loved by Her Family .................................................................

  28

  4.2.1 Adeline’s Intrinsic Motivation to be Accepted and Loved by Her Family .........................................................................

  29

  4.2.1.1 Adeline’s Ambition ................................................ 29

  4.2 .1.2 Adeline’s Faithfulness ............................................ 31

  4.2.2 Adeline’s Extrinsic Motivation to Be Accepted and Loved by Her Family .........................................................................

  34

  4.2.2.1 Comic Books ..........................................................

  35 4.2.2.2 James .......................................................................

  36 4.2.2.3 Aunt Baba ...............................................................

  37 4.2.2.4 Ye Ye ......................................................................

  38

  4.3 F amily’s Acceptance and Love ................................................ 40 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................

  42 5.2 Suggestion ................................................................................

  44 5.2.1 Suggestion for Future Researchers .................................

  44 5.2.2 Suggestion for Teaching English through Literature .....

  45

  5.2.2.1 The Implementation in Teaching Basic Reading I

  46 REFERENCES ................................................................................................

  48

  LIST OF APPENDICES

  Page Appendix 1 Biography of Adeline Yen Mah ...............................................

  50 Appendix 2 Summary of Falling Leaves .....................................................

  52 Appendix 3 Lesson Plan ..............................................................................

  55 Appendix 4 Teaching Material .....................................................................

  60

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter provides five parts, namely the background of the study, the

  research problem that the writer wants to solve, the benefits of this study for the readers, and some definition of terms on this study. The background of the study contains explanation of reasons that become the basis of writing this thesis. The problem formulation states the problems discussed in the study. The objectives of the study present the aim of analyzing the study. The benefits of the study states theoretical benefit for the sake of the development of theories, which are applicable. For the last, the definitions of terms clarify some important terms used in this study.

1.1 Background of the Study

  Literary works have greatest pleasure and satisfaction for the readers. It is because the readers can see the realities, problems, feelings and relationship which is shown by the author, as Moody (1986: 2-

  3) states, “the greatest pleasure and satisfaction can be found in literature. A literary work may bring us back to the reality of human’s satisfaction, problems, feelings, and relationship.” Hudson in

  An Introduction to the Study of Literature

  states, “Literature is the expression of life through the medium of language. It can be regarded as something essential since it contains about real life, people, thought, and their feeling about life”(1960:10). It can be said that there is a close relationship between literature and human life. By literature, we can enrich our knowledge and our experience since literature is the reflection of human life. So, reading literature does not simply enjoy the pleasure and excitement, but we can dig out the meaning inside because literature is the medium for learning about life.

  Among several genres of literature, the writer is mostly interested in novels, because novels are usually portraits of human life that involves various characters and conversation that make the story alive. Wellek and Warren in

  Theory of Literature st

  ate, “a literary work of art is not a simple object but rather a highly complex organization of stratified characters with multiple meaning and relationship” (1977: 27). This opinion is supported by Van De Laar and Schoonderwoerd in An Approach to English Literature who define “a novel as a work of art in so far as it introduces us into a living world; in some respect resembling the world we live in, but with an individuality of its own” (1963:163).

  It means that a novel is a human nature’s reflection that shows in a literary work, the meaning indeed is deep. Novel shows us experiences, social problems, individual problems, etc.

  The writer chooses the novel Falling Leaves as the subject of analysis because the story of the novel gives a good value about motivation to the writer and it has to offer to the readers. Falling Leaves by Adeline Yen Mah is an example of a novel, which teaches the reader about the motivation of life. There is some painful story of her life which is to be the most basic of human needs: acceptance, love, and understanding. Motivation acts may be seen in this novel through Adeline’s motivation in achieving her dream to be accepted and loved by her family, especially her father, Joseph Yen. This is the reason why the writer chose this novel.

  As Adeline gets older and becomes successful, her father confesses his belief in Adeline. He does not want Niang (stepmother) to hear or even know that he still loves his daughter. It becomes more obvious as life goes on that Niang hates Adeline so much and will do anything to get her out of their life. Adeline stays strong and pushes herself to become exactly what her father wants and nothing or no one will stop her. Adeline needs to succeed in life and she does .

  Following Adeline’s life and the ups and downs she encounters, it makes the book very surprising and full of suspense.

  The writer is interested in the story of the novel because the story represents human nature about affection. People behave the way they do. They must have motivation to do anything to satisfy their needs. Through the novel

  

“Falling Leaves” by Adeline Yen Mah, the writer would like to discuss about

  Adeline’s motivation to be accepted and loved by her family. Her family in this study refers to Adeline’s Father, Niang, and siblings (Edgar, Lydia, and Gregory)

1.2 Problem Formulation

  There are two problem formulations in this study. They are: 1. How are Adeline’s character traits described related to her motivation to be accepted and loved by her family?

  2. What are Adeline’s motivations to be accepted and to be loved by her family as seen in Adeline’s novel Falling Leaves?

  1.3 Objective of the Study

  In general, the objective of the study is to find out that everybody in the world has motivation to conduct action in order to satisfy his needs. The aim of this study is for knowing Adeline’s motivation to be accepted and loved by her family as seen in her own novel Falling Leaves. By being motivated, it may give the readers motivation in facing some problems in their life.

  1.4 Benefit of the Study

  Based on the objectives of the study above, the study of motivation is meant to enrich the readers with a portrait of life, which contains problem in human daily life. It is expected that the readers can find new ideas and new reflections of which they can add to their knowledge on human nature and the complex problems of life. More understanding about life will make it easier for them to accept many aspects of life.

  First, the benefit of this study is for the readers. Through this study, the reader s can see Adeline’s struggle to be accepted and loved so that the readers can be motivated. They may analyze the literary work more deeply and critic . The readers may think about the important term of motivation in their life. The readers also can learn that literary works may have different interpretation and value depending on each person’s interpretation. Then, the readers can apply the value in literary works to their own life.

  This work can also be used for the students of English Language Education Program to enrich their knowledge of literature. By appreciating

  Falling Leaves, they will have some insight of one of Adeline Yen Ma h’s works.

  For other researches, this work can be used for a reference or as a comparative study. It is hoped to give contribution to the field of literary criticism.

  Then, the benefit of this study is for the activity of teaching learning activities. This study includes the suggestion to use the novel as the facility to add the variety of language teaching.

  Hopefully, the analysis of the novel could help someone who is interested in literature realize how wonderful literature is.

1.5 Definition of Terms

  It is needed to have some important keys and understanding the meaning of the terms that are used in this study in order to avoid misunderstanding and misconception, so that the meanings of these terms can be limited. The writer gives some explanation to clarify several terms used in the study.

1. Motivation

  Based on Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy, motivation is described as the process of activating, maintaining, and directing behavior toward a particular goal, motivation refers to factors within an individual (such as needs, desires, and interests) that activate, maintain, and direct behavior toward a goal. (1997: 364).

  In this study, mot ivation refers to Adeline’s needs, desires, and interest that activate, maintain, and direct her behavior toward a goal to be accepted and loved by her family.

  2. Accepted According to Peter Van Breeman (1958) The Courage to Accept

  

Acceptance , accept is an action of the people with whom we live, gives us a

  feeling that we are worthwhile (para. 3). In this study, accept refers to the action of Adeline’s family to give Adeline a feeling that she is worthwhile. She is unwanted by her family so that she tries and struggles to be accepted by her family.

  3. Loved Based on Deunov (2011) The Occult Meaning of Love and to be Loved, love is caring about someone so deeply that it would be different without them there would always be a little piece of yourself missing if they pass away or leave you (para. 6). Adeline is less of affection from her family (her parents and siblings). In this study, love refers to caring about Adeline from a family, especially from the parents and siblings.

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter consists of theory of critical approach to literature;

  psychological approach, which tries to elaborate some issues on human motivation; intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. The second theory is theory of characterization. The third is theoretical framework which clarifies the theories which are used to answer the problems.

2.1 Theory of Psychological Approach In this study, the writer uses the psychological approach to analyze.

  According to Rohrberger and Samuel H. Woods in their book, Reading and

  Writing about Literature

  (1971), they state that “the psychological approach applies psychological theories to explain the character personality in the story.

  Each character’s attitude and behavior could be referred to the psychology of human being” (pp.13-15).

  This is the approach that the writer uses to analyze the novel. In conducting this research, psychological approach is used to analyze the novel because this is an important role to answer the problems. This approach is used to interpret the novel, since the approach can help to find out the meaning of each line stated in the novel. The use of this approach is to look at the psychological side of the main character in facing Adeline’s problem and solving it. Adeline’s psychology is formed by condition around her where she grew up. As Whitman and McPherson (2007, p. 32) said “a psychological approach seems well suited to criticism of prose and poetry dealing with childhood e xperiences”. It means that psychological approach might be used to analyze the term of motivation.

2.1.1 Theory of Motivation

  This part tells about theory of motivation by which consists of the explanation of the word motivation in general, then explanation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. These theories are used to analyze the factors that motivate Adeline to be accepted and loved by her family.

2.1.1.1 Definition of Motivation

  According to Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy’s Psychology in Action, motivation is

  “factors within an individual (such as needs, desires, and interests) that activate, maintain, and direct behavior toward a goal” (1997:364). Motivating then is “the process of activating, maintaining, and directing behavior toward a particul ar goal” (1997: 364). Velez also says that “motivation is like a driving force, to act and accomplish aims and goals. Motivation is the inner power or energy that pushes toward acting, p erforming actions and achieving.”(2008). She adds that “motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal- oriented behaviors, which involves biological, emotional and cognitive forces.

  Moti vation is what causes us to act” (2008).

  Based on Worchel and Shebilske, m otivation explains “why an organism acts in a certain way at a certain time, it provides the bridge between learning and performance” (1989:374). Therefore, “the study of motivation is concerned with how and why people behave as they do, what energizes and directs their behavior” (1989:411).

  It means that motivation is the power that supports human to do something to achieve their goals by acting or performing.

2.1.1.2 Kinds of Motivation

  Motivation is divided in two parts, namely intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.

2.1.1.2.1 Intrinsic Motivation

  Based on Carol (1992), intrinsic motivation is motivation that comes from within a person to accomplish a task or goal. This motivation comes from inside an individual rather than from any external or outside rewards. The motivation comes from the sense of satisfaction in completing the goal or willingness in future. An intrinsically motivated person will try to solve his/her problem because the challenge to have a solution.

  Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy als o stated that intrinsic motivation is “the desire to perform an act for its own sake. Motivation is derived from the satisfaction arising out the behavior of itself” (1997:377).

2.1.1.2.2 Extrinsic Motivation

  Carol (1992) explained that extrinsic motivation is a motivation that comes from outside of the individual. It may come from the individual’s environment (family, friends, money, etc.), rather than from within the individual. Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy also stated that extrinsic motivation is “the desire to perform an act because of external rewards or avoidance of punishment. Motivation is not inherent in the behavior itself” (1997:377).

2.2 Theory of Characterization

  To make the character clearer, it is necessary for the writer to find out the characterization of the main character. The theory is used as the intrinsic motivation of Adeline to be accepted and loved by her family. Thus, the writer employs some literary theories.

  Characterization in the novel is used to know what the character in the story is like, as Beaty (1984: 23) says that among the means of characterization we can analyze a character through the way the character looks (their physical appearance and their clothing bearing, make up and so on), the way they speak, the way they think, what they do and what other people say about them.

  M.J. Murphy in Understanding Unseens (1972:161-173) explains that there are nine ways to reveal the characterization of the character in which the author of the novel attempts to make the character understandable and come alive for the reader. Those ways are personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of others, reaction, direct comment, thought, and mannerism.

  The first is personal description. The author can describe a person’s appearance and clothes (p. 161). In our daily life, we often judge a person by seeing his or her appearance. It can be seen from the face, the skin, the hair, etc.

  The second is character as seen by another. Instead of describing a character directly the author can describe him through the eyes and opinions of another (p. 162).

  The third is speech. The author can give us an insight into the character of one of the person ’s in the book through what the person says. Whenever a person speaks, whenever he is in conversation with another, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving the reader some clue to his character (p. 164). We often judge a person’s character by seeing the way he speaks and the way he makes conversation with others. From his attitude we can understand other people’s personality better.

  The fourth is past life. By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life, the author can give the reader a clue to events that have helped to shape person’s character. Through direct comment by the author, through the person’s thought, through his conversation or the medium of another person (p.

  166).

  The fifth is conversation of others. The author can also give the reader clues to the person’s character through the conversation of other people and the things they say about him. People talk about other people and the things they say often give us a clue to the character of the person talked about (p. 167). In a work of literature, an author usually gives others characters beside the main character.

  The conversations of other characters help us to find out the personality of the main character.

  The sixth is reaction. The author can also give us a clue to a p erson’s character by letting the reader know how that person reacts to various situations and events (p. 168). The way one person reacts to the various situations and events help us to his real character. In this way, the reader could see the quality of the character in dealing with any conflicts, problems or situations arise.

  The seventh is direct comment. The author can describe or comment on a person’s directly (p. 170). From the direct comment or description from the author, the reader can understand the character better.

  The eighth is thought. The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. In this respect he is able to do what we cannot do in real life. He can tell us what different people are thinking. The reader then is in a privileged position; he has, as it were, a secret listening device plugged into the in most thoughts of a person in a novel (p. 171).

  The ninth is Mannerism.

  The author can describe a person’s mannerism, habits or idiosyncrasies, which may also tell us something about his character (p.

  173). It means that the author describes character’s customs and his social behavior.

2.3 Theoretical Framework

  This study adopts various literary and psychological theories. The theory of literature used is theory of characterization Understanding Unseens by M.J Murphy. It is us ed to explain Adeline’s character traits that further can analyze her intrinsic motivation to be accepted and loved by her family.

  The theories of psychology are used to understand the term and nature of motivation of the subject matter in psychological context. The review on motivation theories is used to answer the problems. Theory of motivation in this study plays as the basic theory in analyzing Adeline’s motivation to achieve her willingness. There are two kinds of motivation: the intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation by Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy

  ’s Psychology in Action. Theory of intrinsic motivation is to analyze Adeline’s intrinsic motivation. While, t heory of extrinsic motivation is used to analyze Adeline’s extrinsic motivation in order to be accepted and loved by her family.

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY This chapter consists of three parts, namely object of the study, approach

  of the study, and research procedures. The object of the study explains the novel that was analyzed. The approach of the study discusses the Psychological approach, which was applied in this study. The research procedures include the steps of the method in conducting and analyzing the novel.

3.1 Object of the Study

  The object of this study was a novel titled Falling Leaves: a memoir of an

  

unwanted Chinese daughter, written by

   A novel, Falling Leaves was written by Adeline Yen Mah, and was first published in 1997 in Broadway, New York. This novel consists of 32 chapters, 274 pages, telling the story chronologically. It also contains some pictures of Adeline’s family, which may bring the readers to imagine each of its character’s appearance. There is a prologue in the beginning of the story to bring the reader to the general situation.

  This novel had been performed as theatre in New York at the Pan Asian Repertory Theatre in 2008 and at Samueli

• – Theater Talk in 2009. Besides, it also performed as a play performance at South Coast Repertory and the Philharmonic Society of Orange County (“Falling Leaves”, n.d.).

  15 Adeline had written some books, which were based on her own experience. She wrote some children’s books: ) (“Falling Leaves”, n.d.).

  Adeline had a good command of English. Her stories were her getaway from hell at home. She was sent to UK to study and she became a physician, went back to Hong Kong to work, after a while she decided to go to US. She became successful after much hardship there. Even when she was successful, she still yearns for her father's love and step mom's acceptance. Sadly it never happened. Her father may have loved her but would not dare show it because of the step mom. Adeline Yen Mah is an author who came from China. She was born in 1937 to an affluent family, after one eldest sister and three brothers. She was number five in the family. Adeline's mother died not long after giving birth to her. The father loved her mother very much, but when the mother died, he did not transfer that love to his children. Adeline’s childhood is full of emotional abuse from her Eurasian stepmother. The older siblings bullied Adeline because they rather blame her for the mother’s death and at that time, she was the youngest. When the stepmother has her own children, one boy and a girl, their stepbrother bullies the other siblings.

  Falling Leaves is like a short auto-biography of Adeline. This is a

  compelling, painful, and ultimately triumphant story of a girl’s journey into

  16 adulthood. Adeline’s story is a testament to the most basic of human needs: acceptance, love, and understanding. Strong character motivation allows readers to understand why characters make the choices they do. What happened in the past has made his or her way. Since young Adeline tried to please the father and Niang, she studied hard and was great in her school results, which makes the other siblings jealous of her. The step mom would divide and conquer the siblings (she did not want them to be united against her). By writing this story she wants to tell people that no matter how tough life is, there is always a silver lining out there and urge people not to give up on their dreams.

3.2 Approach of the Study

  In this study, the writer used psychological approach to analyze and answer the problems formulation. The term of motivation may be analyzed by this approach because the main character’s motivation in this novel is formed by her family situation, which influences her personality development.

  According to Rohrberger and Woods, this approach attempted to: Locate and demonstrate certain recurrent pattern from the knowledge of psychology. The critics who apply this approach to analyze literary works use psychological theories to human’s motivation, personality, and behavior patterns written in the literary objects. Therefore the knowledge of psychology ground is extremely important in order to understand some literary works (1971: 12).

  Psychological approach is an approach which uses psychological view and theory to analyze a study.

  17

3.3 Research Procedures

  In this study, the writer used library research method i.e. the investigative work by finding data from various references and qualitative research as the method to get the primary data and secondary. It means that the data of this study were gathered from various books and articles, as well as from some websites in the internet. The writer also took notes from some reliable sources. There were some steps in conducting this study in order to answer the question stated in the problem formulation.

  First, the writer chose a novel Adeline’s Falling Leaves as the primary data. The writer read and reread the novel several times to understand and get the idea of the novel. When reading the novel, the writer took some notes of some interesting things that were dominant to be discussed in the novel. By having those some points, the writer was interested in one point that was dominant and problematic, which could be researched. The writer decided that she would research from psychological side; discussed about Adeline’s motivation, so that the focus is on the main character, Adeline Yen Mah to understand the problem.

  Second, the writer tried to look for other references and some relevance books to support and help the writer in analyzing the problem formulation. Those books helped the writer to answer the question in problem formulation.

  Then, the writer determined the theories and approaches that would be applied in this study. The writer analyzed the problem formulation by using psychological approach, based on the main idea. Regarding the approach, this study adopted theories of motivation, also intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The

  18 writer used some books and references to support the idea and analyze the problem. The writer also had consultations with the lecturer. It helped the writer to revise and develop this study.