t ling 0908050 table of contents
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN TESIS..............................................................
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN............................................................................
ii
PERNYATAAN..............................................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................
iv
KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................
v
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH..........................................................................
vi
DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR BAGAN..........................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................
xiii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN...................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah.......................................................
1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah.............................................................
7
1.3 Rumusan Masalah................................................................
9
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................
10
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian...............................................................
10
1.6 Definisi Operasional.............................................................
10
1.7 Metode Penelitian................................................................
12
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan...........................................................
13
BAB II
KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK PADA PENDERITA
AFASIA BROCA....................................................................
15
2.1 Pengantar..............................................................................
15
2.2 Pengertian Linguistik............................................................
15
2.2.1 Pengertian Fonologi...........................................................
16
2.2.2 Pengertian Sintaksis...........................................................
22
2.2.3 Pengertian Semantik Leksikal............................................
24
2.2.3.1 Majas (Figure of Speech)................................................
27
viii
BAB III
2.2.3.1.1 Asosiasi........................................................................
29
2.2.3.1.2 Kolokasi........................................................................
32
2.2.3.1.3 Metafora........................................................................
34
2.2.3.1.4 Personifikasi..................................................................
35
2.2.3.1.5 Sinestesia.......................................................................
35
2.2.3.2 Relasi Makna....................................................................
37
2.2.3.2.1 Relasi Inklusi.................................................................
37
2.2.3.2.2 Relasi Bertumpang Tindih (Sinonimi)...........................
39
2.2.3.2.3 Keberlawana Makna......................................................
44
2.2.3.2.4 Relasi yang Bersifat Kontigu (Berdekatan)..................
45
2.2.4 Leksikon Mental..................................................................
46
2.3 Komunikasi Nonverbal...........................................................
49
2.4 Pengertian Afasia...................................................................
50
2.4.1 Ditinjau dari Segi Kedokteran............................................
54
2.4.2 Ditinjau dari Segi Linguistik...............................................
59
2.4.3 Afasia Broca........................................................................
62
2.5 Pengertian Psikolinguistik......................................................
71
METODE PENELITIAN.........................................................
87
3.1 Pengantar...............................................................................
87
.2 Metode Penelitian....................................................................
87
3.3 Kehadiran Peneliti.................................................................
91
3.4 Sumber Data..........................................................................
91
3.4.1 Data Primer.........................................................................
91
3.4.2 Data Sekunder....................................................................
91
3.5 Metode dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data................................
92
3.5.1 Observasi Langsung............................................................
92
3.5.2 Wawancara.........................................................................
93
3.5.3 Dokumentasi.......................................................................
93
3.6 Subjek Penelitian...................................................................
93
ix
BAB IV
BAB V
3.7 Objek Penelitian....................................................................
94
3.8 Waktu Penelitian....................................................................
95
3.9 Tahap-Tahap Penelitian..........................................................
95
3.10 Klasifikasi Data....................................................................
96
3. 11 Teknik Analisis Data...........................................................
97
ANALISIS DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN..............................
98
4.1 Pengantar................................................................................
98
4.2 Pola-Pola Kekeliruan Berbahasa............................................
99
4.2.1 Kekeliruan Fonologi............................................................
99
4.2.2 Kekeliruan Struktur Sintaksis.............................................
108
4.2.2.1 Urutan Kata (Word Order) .............................................
108
4.2.2.2 Kekeliruan Unsur Gramatikal..........................................
113
4.2.3 Kekeliruan Semantik..........................................................
126
4.3 Siasat Berkomunikasi.............................................................
131
4.3.1 Gesture................................................................................
131
4.3.2 Majas (Figure of Speech) ...................................................
142
4.3.2.1 Asosiasi............................................................................
142
4.3.2.2 Kolokasi...........................................................................
146
4.3.2.3 Metafora..........................................................................
160
4.3.2.4 Personifikasi.....................................................................
167
4.3.2.5 Sinestesia..........................................................................
172
4.3.3 Relasi Makna.......................................................................
175
4.3.3.1 Hiponimi/ Superordinat....................................................
175
4.3.3.2 Antonim............................................................................
180
SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.......................................................
191
5.1 Simpulan.................................................................................
191
5.2 Saran.......................................................................................
194
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................
196
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP.........................................................................
203
x
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
Singkatan
In
→ Informan
Is
→ Istri
A1
→ Anak Pertama
A2
→ Anak Kedua
KBBI → Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
KUBI → Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia
KBSI → Kamus Bahasa Sunda Indonesia
KSI
→ Kamus Sunda Indonesia
xi
DAFTAR BAGAN
Halaman
Bagan:
2.1 Vokal Berdasarkan Bunyi yang Sefonetis..........................................
18
2.2 Konsonan Bahasa Indonesia...............................................................
18
2.3 Urutan Sonoritas.................................................................................
19
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar:
2.1 Bagian Konsep Mekanisme Berbahasa yang Disederhanakan.............
52
2.2 Letak Area Broca dan Wernicke...........................................................
65
2.3 Regio Khusus pada Korteks Frontalis...................................................
66
2.4 Daerah Fungsional di Korteks Serebrum..............................................
81
2.5 Jalur Kortikal........................................................................................
82
2.6 Aspek Sensorik.....................................................................................
84
2.7 Aspek Motorik......................................................................................
85
xiii
Halaman
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN TESIS..............................................................
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN............................................................................
ii
PERNYATAAN..............................................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................
iv
KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................
v
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH..........................................................................
vi
DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR BAGAN..........................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................
xiii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN...................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah.......................................................
1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah.............................................................
7
1.3 Rumusan Masalah................................................................
9
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................
10
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian...............................................................
10
1.6 Definisi Operasional.............................................................
10
1.7 Metode Penelitian................................................................
12
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan...........................................................
13
BAB II
KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK PADA PENDERITA
AFASIA BROCA....................................................................
15
2.1 Pengantar..............................................................................
15
2.2 Pengertian Linguistik............................................................
15
2.2.1 Pengertian Fonologi...........................................................
16
2.2.2 Pengertian Sintaksis...........................................................
22
2.2.3 Pengertian Semantik Leksikal............................................
24
2.2.3.1 Majas (Figure of Speech)................................................
27
viii
BAB III
2.2.3.1.1 Asosiasi........................................................................
29
2.2.3.1.2 Kolokasi........................................................................
32
2.2.3.1.3 Metafora........................................................................
34
2.2.3.1.4 Personifikasi..................................................................
35
2.2.3.1.5 Sinestesia.......................................................................
35
2.2.3.2 Relasi Makna....................................................................
37
2.2.3.2.1 Relasi Inklusi.................................................................
37
2.2.3.2.2 Relasi Bertumpang Tindih (Sinonimi)...........................
39
2.2.3.2.3 Keberlawana Makna......................................................
44
2.2.3.2.4 Relasi yang Bersifat Kontigu (Berdekatan)..................
45
2.2.4 Leksikon Mental..................................................................
46
2.3 Komunikasi Nonverbal...........................................................
49
2.4 Pengertian Afasia...................................................................
50
2.4.1 Ditinjau dari Segi Kedokteran............................................
54
2.4.2 Ditinjau dari Segi Linguistik...............................................
59
2.4.3 Afasia Broca........................................................................
62
2.5 Pengertian Psikolinguistik......................................................
71
METODE PENELITIAN.........................................................
87
3.1 Pengantar...............................................................................
87
.2 Metode Penelitian....................................................................
87
3.3 Kehadiran Peneliti.................................................................
91
3.4 Sumber Data..........................................................................
91
3.4.1 Data Primer.........................................................................
91
3.4.2 Data Sekunder....................................................................
91
3.5 Metode dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data................................
92
3.5.1 Observasi Langsung............................................................
92
3.5.2 Wawancara.........................................................................
93
3.5.3 Dokumentasi.......................................................................
93
3.6 Subjek Penelitian...................................................................
93
ix
BAB IV
BAB V
3.7 Objek Penelitian....................................................................
94
3.8 Waktu Penelitian....................................................................
95
3.9 Tahap-Tahap Penelitian..........................................................
95
3.10 Klasifikasi Data....................................................................
96
3. 11 Teknik Analisis Data...........................................................
97
ANALISIS DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN..............................
98
4.1 Pengantar................................................................................
98
4.2 Pola-Pola Kekeliruan Berbahasa............................................
99
4.2.1 Kekeliruan Fonologi............................................................
99
4.2.2 Kekeliruan Struktur Sintaksis.............................................
108
4.2.2.1 Urutan Kata (Word Order) .............................................
108
4.2.2.2 Kekeliruan Unsur Gramatikal..........................................
113
4.2.3 Kekeliruan Semantik..........................................................
126
4.3 Siasat Berkomunikasi.............................................................
131
4.3.1 Gesture................................................................................
131
4.3.2 Majas (Figure of Speech) ...................................................
142
4.3.2.1 Asosiasi............................................................................
142
4.3.2.2 Kolokasi...........................................................................
146
4.3.2.3 Metafora..........................................................................
160
4.3.2.4 Personifikasi.....................................................................
167
4.3.2.5 Sinestesia..........................................................................
172
4.3.3 Relasi Makna.......................................................................
175
4.3.3.1 Hiponimi/ Superordinat....................................................
175
4.3.3.2 Antonim............................................................................
180
SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.......................................................
191
5.1 Simpulan.................................................................................
191
5.2 Saran.......................................................................................
194
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................
196
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP.........................................................................
203
x
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
Singkatan
In
→ Informan
Is
→ Istri
A1
→ Anak Pertama
A2
→ Anak Kedua
KBBI → Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
KUBI → Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia
KBSI → Kamus Bahasa Sunda Indonesia
KSI
→ Kamus Sunda Indonesia
xi
DAFTAR BAGAN
Halaman
Bagan:
2.1 Vokal Berdasarkan Bunyi yang Sefonetis..........................................
18
2.2 Konsonan Bahasa Indonesia...............................................................
18
2.3 Urutan Sonoritas.................................................................................
19
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar:
2.1 Bagian Konsep Mekanisme Berbahasa yang Disederhanakan.............
52
2.2 Letak Area Broca dan Wernicke...........................................................
65
2.3 Regio Khusus pada Korteks Frontalis...................................................
66
2.4 Daerah Fungsional di Korteks Serebrum..............................................
81
2.5 Jalur Kortikal........................................................................................
82
2.6 Aspek Sensorik.....................................................................................
84
2.7 Aspek Motorik......................................................................................
85
xiii