t bing 0908443 table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL PAGE ………………………………………………..…………….
i
DECLARATION …………………………………………….………….…………
ii
PREFACE ……………………………………………..………………………….
iii
ACKNOLEDGEMENT ……………………………...…………………….….….. iv
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………..….…….………………. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………….…..…….………….…..
vii
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………..…………………. xi
LIST OF APPENDICES …………………………………………………………
xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………..…………..………………. 1
1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………………………….
1
1.2 The Research Questions …………………………………...……..……….
3
1.3 The Aims of the Study …………………………..…………...…………….. 3
1.4 The Significance of the Study ………………………………...…………..
4
1.5 The Scope the Study ……………………………….……………...……….
5
1.6 Clarifications of Key Terms ………………………………………..……...
5
1.7 Organization of the Paper …….……………………………………...…… 6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………….
7
2.1 The Nature of Essay Writing ……………….………………………..……..
7
2.2 Expository Writing …………………………………….…...………..……..
8
2.2.1 The Definition and Purpose of Expository Texts ….....………..…
9
2.2.2 The Types Schematic Structure of Expository Texts ……….…....
10
2.2.3 The Language Features of Expository Texts ………………....…
11
2.3 Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) ….………………………...…..…..
15
2.3.1 Defining the Systemic Functional Grammar …..……..………….... 15
2.3.2 Theme System …………………………….………….………….…..
17
2.3.3 Thematic Progression ……………………………………………....
20
2.3.4 Transitivity System …………………………………………………..
21
2.3.4.1 Process Types ………………………………………………
22
2.3.3.2 Participants and Circumstances ..……………………….
23
2.3.4 Conjunctions System ………………………………..……………..
25
2.3.5 Modality ……………………………………………….……………..
26
2.4 Conclusion Chapter Two …………………………………………………... 28
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ……………………..…………………
30
3.1 Research Design …………………………..…….…………………..……..
30
3.2 Research Site and Participants …..………………...……………………..
31
3.3 Data Collection Techniques ………………………...…..…………..……..
32
3.3.1 The Documentation of Participants’ Written Texts ………..…….
33
3.3.2 The Use of Interviews …..……………………….……..…..…...….. 33
3.4 Data Analysis ……………………………………………..…………..…….. 34
3.4.1 The Teachers’ Argumentative Texts ………………...…………….
34
3.4.2 The Interviews ……………………………………...……………….
35
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ……………….
36
4.1 Introduction …………………………...……………………..…………..…..
36
4.2 Analysis of the Teachers’ Argumentative Essays ……….……..….……. 36
4.2.1 General Descriptions of Teachers’ Analytical Expository Texts...
37
4.2.2 The Purpose and Schematic Structure of Teachers’ Analytical
Expository Texts ….………………………………………………….
38
4.2.3 Lexico-Grammatical Analyses of Elements in Teachers’
Analytical Expository Texts …..…………………………………….
41
4.2.3.1 Thesis Elements ……………………………………….…..
42
4.2.3.1.1 The Theme System …………………..……….
42
4.2.3.1.2 The Transitivity System …………………….… 44
4.2.3.1.3 The Mood System …………………………..… 47
4.2.3.2 Argument Elements ……………………………………..…
48
4.2.3.2.1 The Theme System ………………………...…
48
4.2.3.2.2 The Transitivity System …………………..…..
51
4.2.3.2.3 The Mood System …………………………..… 55
4.2.3.3 Reiteration of Thesis/Conclusion Elements ………..…… 58
4.2.3.3.1 The Theme System ……………………...…....
58
4.2.3.3.2 The Transitivity System ………..……………..
59
4.2.3.3.3 The Mood System …………………………….. 61
4.2.4 Summary of Discussion of Teachers’ Analytical Expository
Texts ………………………………………………………………….. 62
4.2.5 General Descriptions of Teachers’ Hortatory
Exposition Texts …………………………………………………….
63
4.2.6 The Purpose and Schematic Structure of Teachers’ Hortatory
Exposition Texts ………………………………………………….... 64
4.2.7 Lexico-Grammatical Analyses of Elements in Teachers’
Hortatory Exposition Texts …..…………………………………….
67
4.2.7.1 Thesis Elements …………………………….……………
67
4.2.7.1.1 The Theme System ………….………………
67
4.2.7.1.2 The Transitivity System ……….…………….
69
4.2.7.1.3 The Mood System ……………….……...…… 71
4.2.7.2 Argument Elements ………………………….…………... 72
4.2.7.2.1 The Theme System ………………………….
72
4.2.7.2.2 The Transitivity System ……………………... 75
4.2.7.2.3 The Mood System ……………………………
78
4.2.7.3 Recommendation Elements …………………………..…
79
4.2.7.3.1 The Theme System …………………………..
79
4.2.7.3.2 The Transitivity System ………………………
82
4.2.7.3.3 The Mood System …………………………….
84
4.2.8 Summary of Discussion of Teachers’ Hortatory
Exposition Texts ……………………………………...…………….. 86
4.2.9 Conclusions of Discussions of Teachers” Argumentative
Texts …………………………………………………………………. 87
4.3 Finding and Discussion of Interview Data ……………………….………
88
4.3.1 Teachers’ Ability of Writing ………………………………………...
90
4.3.2 Teaches’ Problem in Writing the Texts …………………………..
95
4.3.3 Possible Solutions Suggested by Teachers …………………...…
97
4.3.4 Summary of Discussion of Interview Data ……………………….
97
4.3.5 Conclusion of Discussion of Interview Data ………………………
98
4.4 Conclusion of Chapter 4 ………………………………………………….
99
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ………………
100
5.1 Introduction……………………………………………...………….………… 100
5.2 Conclusions ……………………………………………...………….….……
100
5.3 Recommendations ……………….………………….…...………...………
102
REFERENCES ………………………….…………………………………..……
104
APPENDICES …………………………………………………………....
110
APPROVAL PAGE ………………………………………………..…………….
i
DECLARATION …………………………………………….………….…………
ii
PREFACE ……………………………………………..………………………….
iii
ACKNOLEDGEMENT ……………………………...…………………….….….. iv
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………..….…….………………. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………….…..…….………….…..
vii
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………..…………………. xi
LIST OF APPENDICES …………………………………………………………
xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………..…………..………………. 1
1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………………………….
1
1.2 The Research Questions …………………………………...……..……….
3
1.3 The Aims of the Study …………………………..…………...…………….. 3
1.4 The Significance of the Study ………………………………...…………..
4
1.5 The Scope the Study ……………………………….……………...……….
5
1.6 Clarifications of Key Terms ………………………………………..……...
5
1.7 Organization of the Paper …….……………………………………...…… 6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………….
7
2.1 The Nature of Essay Writing ……………….………………………..……..
7
2.2 Expository Writing …………………………………….…...………..……..
8
2.2.1 The Definition and Purpose of Expository Texts ….....………..…
9
2.2.2 The Types Schematic Structure of Expository Texts ……….…....
10
2.2.3 The Language Features of Expository Texts ………………....…
11
2.3 Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) ….………………………...…..…..
15
2.3.1 Defining the Systemic Functional Grammar …..……..………….... 15
2.3.2 Theme System …………………………….………….………….…..
17
2.3.3 Thematic Progression ……………………………………………....
20
2.3.4 Transitivity System …………………………………………………..
21
2.3.4.1 Process Types ………………………………………………
22
2.3.3.2 Participants and Circumstances ..……………………….
23
2.3.4 Conjunctions System ………………………………..……………..
25
2.3.5 Modality ……………………………………………….……………..
26
2.4 Conclusion Chapter Two …………………………………………………... 28
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ……………………..…………………
30
3.1 Research Design …………………………..…….…………………..……..
30
3.2 Research Site and Participants …..………………...……………………..
31
3.3 Data Collection Techniques ………………………...…..…………..……..
32
3.3.1 The Documentation of Participants’ Written Texts ………..…….
33
3.3.2 The Use of Interviews …..……………………….……..…..…...….. 33
3.4 Data Analysis ……………………………………………..…………..…….. 34
3.4.1 The Teachers’ Argumentative Texts ………………...…………….
34
3.4.2 The Interviews ……………………………………...……………….
35
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ……………….
36
4.1 Introduction …………………………...……………………..…………..…..
36
4.2 Analysis of the Teachers’ Argumentative Essays ……….……..….……. 36
4.2.1 General Descriptions of Teachers’ Analytical Expository Texts...
37
4.2.2 The Purpose and Schematic Structure of Teachers’ Analytical
Expository Texts ….………………………………………………….
38
4.2.3 Lexico-Grammatical Analyses of Elements in Teachers’
Analytical Expository Texts …..…………………………………….
41
4.2.3.1 Thesis Elements ……………………………………….…..
42
4.2.3.1.1 The Theme System …………………..……….
42
4.2.3.1.2 The Transitivity System …………………….… 44
4.2.3.1.3 The Mood System …………………………..… 47
4.2.3.2 Argument Elements ……………………………………..…
48
4.2.3.2.1 The Theme System ………………………...…
48
4.2.3.2.2 The Transitivity System …………………..…..
51
4.2.3.2.3 The Mood System …………………………..… 55
4.2.3.3 Reiteration of Thesis/Conclusion Elements ………..…… 58
4.2.3.3.1 The Theme System ……………………...…....
58
4.2.3.3.2 The Transitivity System ………..……………..
59
4.2.3.3.3 The Mood System …………………………….. 61
4.2.4 Summary of Discussion of Teachers’ Analytical Expository
Texts ………………………………………………………………….. 62
4.2.5 General Descriptions of Teachers’ Hortatory
Exposition Texts …………………………………………………….
63
4.2.6 The Purpose and Schematic Structure of Teachers’ Hortatory
Exposition Texts ………………………………………………….... 64
4.2.7 Lexico-Grammatical Analyses of Elements in Teachers’
Hortatory Exposition Texts …..…………………………………….
67
4.2.7.1 Thesis Elements …………………………….……………
67
4.2.7.1.1 The Theme System ………….………………
67
4.2.7.1.2 The Transitivity System ……….…………….
69
4.2.7.1.3 The Mood System ……………….……...…… 71
4.2.7.2 Argument Elements ………………………….…………... 72
4.2.7.2.1 The Theme System ………………………….
72
4.2.7.2.2 The Transitivity System ……………………... 75
4.2.7.2.3 The Mood System ……………………………
78
4.2.7.3 Recommendation Elements …………………………..…
79
4.2.7.3.1 The Theme System …………………………..
79
4.2.7.3.2 The Transitivity System ………………………
82
4.2.7.3.3 The Mood System …………………………….
84
4.2.8 Summary of Discussion of Teachers’ Hortatory
Exposition Texts ……………………………………...…………….. 86
4.2.9 Conclusions of Discussions of Teachers” Argumentative
Texts …………………………………………………………………. 87
4.3 Finding and Discussion of Interview Data ……………………….………
88
4.3.1 Teachers’ Ability of Writing ………………………………………...
90
4.3.2 Teaches’ Problem in Writing the Texts …………………………..
95
4.3.3 Possible Solutions Suggested by Teachers …………………...…
97
4.3.4 Summary of Discussion of Interview Data ……………………….
97
4.3.5 Conclusion of Discussion of Interview Data ………………………
98
4.4 Conclusion of Chapter 4 ………………………………………………….
99
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ………………
100
5.1 Introduction……………………………………………...………….………… 100
5.2 Conclusions ……………………………………………...………….….……
100
5.3 Recommendations ……………….………………….…...………...………
102
REFERENCES ………………………….…………………………………..……
104
APPENDICES …………………………………………………………....
110