Studi Karakteristik Abu Sekam Padi Dengan Kitosan Molekul Tinggi Nanopartikel Sebagai Bahan Dentinogenesis Pada Kavitas Profunda (In Vitro)

Alur Penelitian

Lampiran 1

I

II

Pembuatan Abu Sekam Padi (ASP) merah
jambu nanopartikel

III

Persiapan sampel gigi P

Pembuatan Gel kitosan
nanopartikel

Penanaman sampel gigi P dalam pipa paralon

ASP 10 gr 

grinding jar

Aplikasi Bahan Uji yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok,
masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 8 sampel

1 gr kitosan + 100 ml
larutan asam asetat 1% 
Diaduk pada kecepatan
200 rpm (± 30 menit)
Gel kitosan.

Kelompok III

Gel kitosan dimasukkan
dalam ultrasonic bath

Preparasi kavitas profunda klas I

ASP 10 gr
grinding jar


Planetary Ball Mills ( Retsch, PM
200), 2 jam, kecepatan 250 rpm
Kelompok I

Kelompok II

MTA

SIKMR

ASP Nanopartikel 20 gr

ASP nano + kitosan
molekul tinggi nano

Gel Kitosan blangkas

Sampel gigi P di bagi dua pada arah bukal-lingual dan di potong
pada daerah servikal gigi


Sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan SEM-EDX

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 2

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Lampiran 3

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Lampiran 4

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Lampiran 5

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Lampiran 6

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Lampiran 7

UJI NORMALITAS DATA
b,c


Tests of Normality
a

Kolmogorov-Smirnov
kelompok
C

O

*

.930

8

.515

.200

*


.921

8

.438

8

.095

.815

8

.051

8

*


.957

8

.779

*

.897

8

.274

*

.200

SIKMR


.189

8

MTA

.268

8

.200
.200

MTA

.218

8


.200

.873

8

.162

ASP + KITOSAN

.284

8

.056

.902

8


.304

8

*

.965

8

.859

*

.936

8

.574


*

.919

8

.422

*

.912

8

.368

*

.907

8

.334

*

.873

8

.160

*

MTA

MTA
ASP + KITOSAN

.148
.201
.173
.181
.204
.226

8
8
8
8
8

.200
.200
.200
.200
.200
.200

SIKMR

.137

8

.200

.964

8

.844

MTA

.306

8

.026

.745

8

.057

8

*

.897

8

.274

*

ASP + KITOSAN

.209

.200

SIKMR

.159

8

.200

.977

8

.949

MTA

.292

8

.044

.913

8

.372

8

*

.877

8

.176

*

.908

8

.343

*

ASP + KITOSAN
SIKMR
Si

.100

8

SIKMR

Ca

8

.198

.235

Sig.

.852

ASP + KITOSAN

.149

df

*

.200

ASP + KITOSAN

P

Statistic

8

SIKMR

N

Sig.

.209

SIKMR

Na

df

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN

F

Statistic

Shapiro-Wilk

.215
.238

8

.200
.200

MTA

.092

8

.200

.993

8

.998

ASP + KITOSAN

.303

8

.030

.769

8

.053

8

*

.848

8

.091

SIKMR

.238

.200

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Al

MTA

.172

8

.200

*

.954

8

.755

ASP + KITOSAN

.252

8

.143

.906

8

.328

SIKMR

.242

8

.185

.876

8

.172

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
b. Bi is constant when kelompok = ASP + KITOSAN. It has been omitted.
c. Bi is constant when kelompok = SIKMR. It has been omitted.

Descriptive Statistics
N

Minimum

Bi

8

Valid N (listwise)

8

.80

Maximum
1.32

Mean

Std. Deviation

1.0950

.19849

Universitas Sumatera Utara

ONE WAY

Descriptives
C
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8 80.4450

1.14909

.40626

79.4843

81.4057

79.65

83.22

ASP +

8 67.6388

1.13839

.40248

66.6870

68.5905

65.90

69.86

2.9738

.19770

.06990

2.8085

3.1390

2.62

3.20

24 50.3525

34.64826

7.07255

35.7218

64.9832

2.62

83.22

KITOSAN
SIKMR

8

Total

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
C
Levene Statistic
2.138

df1

df2
2

Sig.
21

.143

ANOVA
C
Sum of Squares
Between Groups

27592.952

Df

Mean Square
2

13796.476

F

Sig.

15586.827

.000

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*Within Groups
Total

18.588

21

27611.539

23

.885

Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
C
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN

12.80625

SIKMR

77.47125

ASP + KITOSAN MTA

Std. Error

Sig.

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

*

.47041

.000

11.8280

13.7845

*

.47041

.000

76.4930

78.4495

*

.47041

.000

-13.7845

-11.8280

*

.47041

.000

63.6867

65.6433

*

.47041

.000

-78.4495

-76.4930

*

.47041

.000

-65.6433

-63.6867

-12.80625

SIKMR
SIKMR

Difference (I-J)

64.66500

MTA

-77.47125

ASP + KITOSAN

-64.66500

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Oneway
Descriptives
O
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

3.4013

.65743

.23244

2.8516

3.9509

2.77

4.86

ASP +

8

10.5562

.53984

.19086

10.1049

11.0076

9.77

11.66

8

21.8663

.28874

.10208

21.6249

22.1076

21.47

22.32

24

11.9412

7.78095

1.58828

8.6556

15.2269

2.77

22.32

KITOSAN
SIKMR
Total

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
O
Levene Statistic

df1

.587

df2

Sig.

2

21

.565

ANOVA
O
Sum of Squares
Between Groups

Mean Square

F

1386.844

2

693.422

5.649

21

.269

1392.493

23

Within Groups
Total

Df

Sig.

2577.748

.000

Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
O
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN
SIKMR

ASP + KITOSAN MTA

Difference (I-J)

Std. Error

Sig.

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

*

.25933

.000

-7.6943

-6.6157

*

.25933

.000

-19.0043

-17.9257

*

.25933

.000

6.6157

7.6943

-7.15500

-18.46500
7.15500

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SIKMR
SIKMR

*

.25933

.000

-11.8493

-10.7707

*

.25933

.000

17.9257

19.0043

*

.25933

.000

10.7707

11.8493

-11.31000

MTA

18.46500

ASP + KITOSAN

11.31000

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Oneway
Descriptives
F
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

.7338

.52334

.18503

.2962

1.1713

.12

1.40

ASP +

8

1.7913

.40951

.14478

1.4489

2.1336

1.14

2.12

8

7.4013

1.49124

.52723

6.1545

8.6480

5.00

8.76

24

3.3088

3.12155

.63718

1.9906

4.6269

.12

8.76

KITOSAN
SIKMR
Total

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
F
Levene Statistic
14.728

df1

df2
2

Sig.
21

.000

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ANOVA
F
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

Df

Mean Square

F

205.456

2

102.728

18.658

21

.888

224.113

23

Sig.

115.625

.000

Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons

F

LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean Difference
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN

-1.05750

SIKMR

-6.66750

ASP + KITOSAN

MTA
SIKMR

SIKMR

MTA
ASP + KITOSAN

(I-J)

Std. Error

Sig.

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

*

.47129

.036

-2.0376

-.0774

*

.47129

.000

-7.6476

-5.6874

*

.47129

.036

.0774

2.0376

*

.47129

.000

-6.5901

-4.6299

*

.47129

.000

5.6874

7.6476

*

.47129

.000

4.6299

6.5901

1.05750
-5.61000

6.66750
5.61000

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

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Oneway
Descriptives
Na
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

.4662

.13201

.04667

.3559

.5766

.23

.65

ASP +

8

1.3263

.18731

.06622

1.1697

1.4828

1.04

1.55

8

2.4463

.34247

.12108

2.1599

2.7326

2.05

2.92

24

1.4129

.85872

.17529

1.0503

1.7755

.23

2.92

F

Sig.

KITOSAN
SIKMR
Total

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Na
Levene Statistic
5.342

df1

df2
2

Sig.
21

.013

ANOVA
Na
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

df

Mean Square

15.772

2

7.886

1.189

21

.057

16.960

23

139.331

.000

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Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Na
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

Difference (I-J)

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN

Upper Bound

.000

-1.1074

-.6126

*

.11895

.000

-2.2274

-1.7326

*

.11895

.000

.6126

1.1074

*

.11895

.000

-1.3674

-.8726

*

.11895

.000

1.7326

2.2274

*

.11895

.000

.8726

1.3674

.86000

SIKMR

Lower Bound

.11895

-1.98000

ASP + KITOSAN MTA

Sig.

*

-.86000

SIKMR

SIKMR

Std. Error

-1.12000

MTA

1.98000

ASP + KITOSAN

1.12000

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Oneway
Descriptives
N
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

.3737

.15611

.05519

.2432

.5043

.19

.61

ASP +

8

2.5388

.22681

.08019

2.3491

2.7284

2.24

2.89

8 24.8075

2.86019

1.01123

22.4163

27.1987

21.88

30.18

KITOSAN
SIKMR

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Descriptives
N
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

.3737

.15611

.05519

.2432

.5043

.19

.61

ASP +

8

2.5388

.22681

.08019

2.3491

2.7284

2.24

2.89

8 24.8075

2.86019

1.01123

22.4163

27.1987

21.88

30.18

11.39166

2.32531

4.4297

14.0503

.19

30.18

KITOSAN
SIKMR
Total

24

9.2400

ANOVA
N
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

Df

Mean Square

2926.914

2

1463.457

57.795

21

2.752

2984.709

23

F
531.748

Sig.
.000

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Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
N
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean Difference
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

(I-J)

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN

SIKMR

Upper Bound

.016

-3.8900

-.4400

*

.82948

.000

-26.1588

-22.7087

*

.82948

.016

.4400

3.8900

*

.82948

.000

-23.9938

-20.5437

*

.82948

.000

22.7087

26.1588

*

.82948

.000

20.5437

23.9938

2.16500

SIKMR

Lower Bound

.82948

-24.43375

MTA

Sig.

*

-2.16500

SIKMR
ASP + KITOSAN

Std. Error

-22.26875

MTA

24.43375

ASP + KITOSAN

22.26875

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Oneway
Descriptives
P
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

3.3888

.35430

.12526

3.0925

3.6850

2.63

3.73

ASP +

8

1.6438

.31296

.11065

1.3821

1.9054

1.02

1.98

8 16.4513

1.72484

.60982

15.0092

17.8933

13.35

18.85

KITOSAN
SIKMR

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Total

24

7.1613

6.82138

1.39241

4.2808

10.0417

1.02

18.85

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
P
Levene Statistic

df1

7.589

df2
2

Sig.
21

.003

ANOVA
P
Sum of Squares
Between Groups

Mean Square

F

1047.829

2

523.915

22.390

21

1.066

1070.219

23

Within Groups
Total

df

Sig.

491.395

.000

Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
P
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN

Difference (I-J)

Std. Error
*

1.74500

.51628

Sig.
.003

Lower Bound
.6713

Upper Bound
2.8187

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SIKMR
ASP + KITOSAN MTA

.51628

.000

-14.1362

-11.9888

*

.51628

.003

-2.8187

-.6713

*

.51628

.000

-15.8812

-13.7338

*

.51628

.000

11.9888

14.1362

*

.51628

.000

13.7338

15.8812

-1.74500

SIKMR
SIKMR

*

-13.06250

-14.80750

MTA

13.06250

ASP + KITOSAN

14.80750

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Oneway
Descriptives
Ca
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

7.9413

.69372

.24527

7.3613

8.5212

7.35

9.38

ASP +

8

1.8775

.40138

.14191

1.5419

2.2131

1.41

2.41

8

5.6463

.16071

.05682

5.5119

5.7806

5.48

5.93

24

5.1550

2.59305

.52930

4.0601

6.2499

1.41

9.38

KITOSAN
SIKMR
Total

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Ca
Levene Statistic
5.066

df1

df2
2

Sig.
21

.016

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ANOVA
Ca
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

Df

Mean Square

149.972

2

74.986

4.677

21

.223

154.649

23

F

Sig.

336.676

.000

Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Ca
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN

6.06375

SIKMR

2.29500

ASP + KITOSAN MTA

SIKMR

Difference (I-J) Std. Error

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

*

.23597

.000

5.5730

6.5545

*

.23597

.000

1.8043

2.7857

*

.23597

.000

-6.5545

-5.5730

*

.23597

.000

-4.2595

-3.2780

*

.23597

.000

-2.7857

-1.8043

*

.23597

.000

3.2780

4.2595

-6.06375

SIKMR

-3.76875

MTA

-2.29500

ASP + KITOSAN

Sig.

3.76875

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Oneway

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Descriptives
Si
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

3.3775

.27855

.09848

3.1446

3.6104

3.03

3.78

ASP +

8 12.1463

.81054

.28657

11.4686

12.8239

11.30

13.29

8

5.2913

.19577

.06922

5.1276

5.4549

5.01

5.57

24

6.9383

3.87595

.79117

5.3017

8.5750

3.03

13.29

KITOSAN
SIKMR
Total

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Si
Levene Statistic
15.002

df1

df2
2

Sig.
21

.000

ANOVA
Si
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total

df

Mean Square

340.119

2

170.059

5.410

21

.258

345.529

23

F
660.092

Sig.
.000

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Post Hoc Test
Multiple Comparisons
Si
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean Difference
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

(I-J)

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN

8.76875

SIKMR

6.85500

ASP + KITOSAN MTA

SIKMR

Std. Error

Sig.

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

*

.25379

.000

-9.2965

-8.2410

*

.25379

.000

-2.4415

-1.3860

*

.25379

.000

8.2410

9.2965

*

.25379

.000

6.3272

7.3828

*

.25379

.000

1.3860

2.4415

*

.25379

.000

-7.3828

-6.3272

1.91375

SIKMR

6.85500

MTA

1.91375

ASP + KITOSAN

8.76875

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Oneway
Descriptives
Al
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

.4813

.20904

.07391

.3065

.6560

.24

.89

ASP +

8

.1837

.05317

.01880

.1393

.2282

.10

.26

8 13.0800

.88494

.31287

12.3402

13.8198

11.18

14.11

KITOSAN
SIKMR

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Descriptives
Al
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean

Std.
N

Mean

Deviation

Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

MTA

8

.4813

.20904

.07391

.3065

.6560

.24

.89

ASP +

8

.1837

.05317

.01880

.1393

.2282

.10

.26

8 13.0800

.88494

.31287

12.3402

13.8198

11.18

14.11

1.25746

1.9804

7.1829

.10

14.11

KITOSAN
SIKMR

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Al
Levene Statistic

df1

df2

5.026
Total

2
24

Sig.
21

4.5817

.016
6.16026

ANOVA
Al
Sum of Squares

Between Groups
Within Groups

Df

Mean Square

867.014

2

433.507

5.807

21

.277

F

Sig.

1567.574

.000

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Total

872.822

23

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons
Al
LSD
95% Confidence Interval

Mean Difference
(I) kelompok

(J) kelompok

MTA

ASP + KITOSAN
SIKMR

ASP + KITOSAN

MTA
SIKMR

SIKMR

(I-J)

Std. Error

Sig.

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

.29750

.26294

.271

-.2493

.8443

-12.59875

*

.26294

.000

-13.1456

-12.0519

-.29750

.26294

.271

-.8443

.2493

*

.26294

.000

-13.4431

-12.3494

*

.26294

.000

12.0519

13.1456

*

.26294

.000

12.3494

13.4431

-12.89625

MTA

12.59875

ASP + KITOSAN

12.89625

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 8
MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE ( MTA )

Universitas Sumatera Utara

MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE ( MTA )

Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABU SEKAM PADI DENGAN KITOSAN

ABU SEKAM PADI DENGAN KITOSAN

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara

SEMEN IONOMER KACA MODIFIKASI RESIN (SIKMR)

Universitas Sumatera Utara

SEMEN IONOMER KACA MODIFIKASI RESIN (SIKMR)

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 9

HASIL UJI XRD ABU SEKAM PADI

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara