Readability of The English on Sky for Junior High School Students ( A textbook used by Seventh grade students of SMP N 2 Kutowinangiun in the 2012/2013 Academic Year).
READABILITY OF THE “ENGLISH ON SKY FOR JUNIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS”
( A Textbook Used by the Seventh Grade Students of SMP N 2
Kutowinangun in the 2012/2013 Academic Year)
By:
LITANINGTYAS WIDHOWATI
K2208008
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2015
READABILITY OF THE “ENGLISH ON SKY FOR JUNIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS”
( A Textbook Used by the Seventh Grade Students of SMP N 2
Kutowinangun in the 2012/2013 Academic Year)
By:
LITANINGTYAS WIDHOWATI
K2208008
Thesis
Written and Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Sebelas Maret University as a Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for
Achieving an Undergraduate Degree of Education in English
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2015
i
PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to certify that I myself write this thesis entitled “Readability of the
English on sky for Junior High School Studens (A Textbook Used by Seventh
Grade Students of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun in the 2012/2013 Academic Year). It
is not plagiarism or made by others. Anything related to other’s work is written in
quotation. The source of which is listed on the bibliography.
If then this Pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to accept any
academic punishment.
Surakarta, 3 Februari 2015
LitaningtyasWidhowati
ii
APPROVAL
This thesis is approved by the consultants to be examined by the Board of
Thesis Examiners of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of SebelasMaret
University.
Consultant II
Consultant I
iii
LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
This thesis has been examined by the Board of the Examiners of Teacher
Training and Education Faculty of SebelasMaret University and accepted as
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Undergraduate Degree of Education
in English.
Day
:
Date
:
The Board of Examiners:
1. Chairman:
TeguhSarosa, S.S., M. Hum
NIP. 19730205 200604 1 001
(…………………….)
2. Secretary:
Drs. M. Asrori, M. Pd
NIP. 19601015 198702 1 001
(…………………….)
3. Examiner I:
Dr. Ngadiso, M. Pd
NIP. 19621231 198803 1 009
(…………………….)
4. Examiner II:
Dewi Sri Wahyuni, M. Pd
NIP. 19780818 200312 2 002
(…………………….)
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
SebelasMaretUniversity of Surakarta
Dean,
Prof. Dr. JokoNurkamto, M.Pd.
NIP. 19610124 198702 1 001
iv
ABSTRACT
LitaningtyasWidhowati K2208008. READABILITY OF THE “ENGLISH ON
SKY FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS” (A Textbook Used by
Seventh Grade Students of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun in the 2012/2013 Academic
Year).A Thesis, Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty
ofSebelasMaret University, 2013.
The objective of the study is to describe whether the reading texts in
English on Sky for Junior High School used by the seventh grade students of SMP
N 2 Kutowinangun published by Erlangga are readable for the students or not. In
this research, the data were collected by analyzing the document, interviewing the
related people, and cloze test. In analyzing the qualitative data, the researcher
used interactive model of analysis including data reduction, data display, and
drawing conclusion. The quantitative data were analyzed by plotting the result of
the readability formula in the fry graph and classifying the result of cloze test.
The result of the research shows that the English on Sky textbook
published by Erlangga used by the seventh grade students of SMP N 2
Kutowinangun is readable for the students. The textbook is readable because the
textbook generally uses simple sentences. The complex sentences are rarelyfound
in this textbook. The textbook also uses familiar words in the reading texts.
Besides that, long sentences are rarely found in the textbook. This textbook uses
short sentences for 12 to 13 years old in which the textbook is for the the 9 years
old level. Because the textbook is readable, the students are motivated in reading
the textbook. So, it is possible for the students to understand the textbook without
a teacher’s guidance.
After analyzing the data and making conclusion, the researcher suggests
that the teacher should be aware about the readability and know how a textbook
can be said as a good one. Besides that, the teacher should concern with the
selection of reading material. The reading material must be appropriate with the
students’ reading level. The students also have to improve their vocabulary and
grammar mastery to support them in understanding the textbook.
Keywords: Readability, textbook
v
MOTTO
“Will you make it better, or just stand here longer?”
“Always be yourself and never be anyone else even they look better
than you”
vi
DEDICATION
With deep profound love, this thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved Father and Mother, no words can
represent how grateful I am to be your daughter!
My beloved brothers and sisters, thank you for
your support and prayer,
My Best of the Best Friends
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin.Praise be to Allah SWT who has given His
blessing to the writer so that she can complete the writing of this thesis. In this
occasion, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation
to the following.
1. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd., the dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty, for his advice and his approval of this thesis.
2. Drs. M. Rohmadi, M. Hum., the head of the Art and Language Education,
and Teguh Sarosa, SS, M. Hum, the head of English Department of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty, for their advice and their
approval of this thesis.
3. Dr.Ngadiso, M. Pd, the first consultant, and Dewi Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd. M.
Pd., the second consultant, for their priceless guidance, advice, suggestion,
encouragement and patience.
4. H. Sugiyatno, S.Pd, M.Pd the headmaster of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun for
facilitating the writer in collecting the data.
5. Tri Wijayadi, S. Pd the English teacher of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun, who
has helped the writer to do the research.
6. The seventh grade students of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun who have
participated well during the research.
7. Her beloved family, for their supports, caring, prayer, andhelps.
8. Her friends in English Department of year 2008, for their everlasting
friendship.
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. She hopes
and accepts every comment and suggestion. Hopefully, this thesis will be useful
for the readers.
Surakarta, 15 Januari 2014
‘Lita’
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ..............................................................................................................
i
PRONOUNCEMENT .....................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL ....................................................................................................
iii
LEGITIMATION ............................................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
v
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................
xi
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................. xii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION ................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study .................................................
1
B. Problem Identification ......................................................
4
C. Problem Limitation ..........................................................
4
D. Problem Statement ...........................................................
4
E. Benefit of the Study ..........................................................
4
THEORITICAL REVIEW .....................................................
5
A. Textbook............................................................................
5
1. Definition of Textbook ..................................................
5
2. The Criteria of Good Textbook .....................................
6
B. Readability ........................................................................
8
1. The Definitions of Readability .....................................
8
2. Approaches for Measuring Readability Level ............. 10
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................... 19
A. Method of the Study ......................................................... 19
B. Research Subject .............................................................. 19
ix
C. Research Setting ............................................................... 19
D. Data and Source of Data .................................................... 20
E. Technique of Collecting Data .......................................... 20
F. Triangulation .................................................................... 21
G. Technique of Analyzing Data .......................................... 22
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ........................ 24
A. Research Finding .............................................................. 24
1. The Description of the Textbook .................................. 24
2. The Teacher’s and the Students’ View Toward the “English
on Sky” Textbook .............................................................. 24
3. The Result of Applying in Fry Graph and Cloze Test . 29
B. Discussion ......................................................................... 33
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION ........ 36
A. Conclusion ........................................................................ 36
B. Implication ........................................................................ 37
C. Suggestion ......................................................................... 37
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 39
APPENDICES ................................................................................................. 41
x
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Interview Protocol with the English Teacher ........................... 42
Appendix 2: Interview Protocol with the Seventh Grade Students ............... 43
Appendix 3: Interview Transcript with the English Teacher ........................ 44
Appendix 4: Interview Transcript with the Students .................................... 48
Appendix 5: Cloze Test 1 .............................................................................. 52
Appendix 6: Cloze Test 2 .............................................................................. 58
Appendix 7: Cloze Test3 ............................................................................... 63
Appendix 8: Cloze Test Score ....................................................................... 67
Appendix 9: The Result of Analysis Using the Fry Graph ........................... 73
Appendix 10: Students’ Worksheet................................................................. 74
Appendix 11: The Cover of the Textbook ...................................................... 129
Appendix 12: Map of the Textbook ................................................................ 130
xi
LIST OF TABLE
Tabel 1:
Interpretation Table for Reading Ease Score ................................ 13
Tabel 2:
Interpretation Table from Dale Chall Score .................................. 15
Tabel 3:
SMOG Conversion Table .............................................................. 16
Tabel 4:
Fry Readability Graph ................................................................... 17
Tabel 5:
Cloze Test Calculation .................................................................. 23
Tabel 6:
Fry Graph Estimation Result ......................................................... 33
xii
13
SCHOOL STUDENTS”
( A Textbook Used by the Seventh Grade Students of SMP N 2
Kutowinangun in the 2012/2013 Academic Year)
By:
LITANINGTYAS WIDHOWATI
K2208008
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2015
READABILITY OF THE “ENGLISH ON SKY FOR JUNIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS”
( A Textbook Used by the Seventh Grade Students of SMP N 2
Kutowinangun in the 2012/2013 Academic Year)
By:
LITANINGTYAS WIDHOWATI
K2208008
Thesis
Written and Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Sebelas Maret University as a Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for
Achieving an Undergraduate Degree of Education in English
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2015
i
PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to certify that I myself write this thesis entitled “Readability of the
English on sky for Junior High School Studens (A Textbook Used by Seventh
Grade Students of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun in the 2012/2013 Academic Year). It
is not plagiarism or made by others. Anything related to other’s work is written in
quotation. The source of which is listed on the bibliography.
If then this Pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to accept any
academic punishment.
Surakarta, 3 Februari 2015
LitaningtyasWidhowati
ii
APPROVAL
This thesis is approved by the consultants to be examined by the Board of
Thesis Examiners of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of SebelasMaret
University.
Consultant II
Consultant I
iii
LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
This thesis has been examined by the Board of the Examiners of Teacher
Training and Education Faculty of SebelasMaret University and accepted as
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Undergraduate Degree of Education
in English.
Day
:
Date
:
The Board of Examiners:
1. Chairman:
TeguhSarosa, S.S., M. Hum
NIP. 19730205 200604 1 001
(…………………….)
2. Secretary:
Drs. M. Asrori, M. Pd
NIP. 19601015 198702 1 001
(…………………….)
3. Examiner I:
Dr. Ngadiso, M. Pd
NIP. 19621231 198803 1 009
(…………………….)
4. Examiner II:
Dewi Sri Wahyuni, M. Pd
NIP. 19780818 200312 2 002
(…………………….)
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
SebelasMaretUniversity of Surakarta
Dean,
Prof. Dr. JokoNurkamto, M.Pd.
NIP. 19610124 198702 1 001
iv
ABSTRACT
LitaningtyasWidhowati K2208008. READABILITY OF THE “ENGLISH ON
SKY FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS” (A Textbook Used by
Seventh Grade Students of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun in the 2012/2013 Academic
Year).A Thesis, Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty
ofSebelasMaret University, 2013.
The objective of the study is to describe whether the reading texts in
English on Sky for Junior High School used by the seventh grade students of SMP
N 2 Kutowinangun published by Erlangga are readable for the students or not. In
this research, the data were collected by analyzing the document, interviewing the
related people, and cloze test. In analyzing the qualitative data, the researcher
used interactive model of analysis including data reduction, data display, and
drawing conclusion. The quantitative data were analyzed by plotting the result of
the readability formula in the fry graph and classifying the result of cloze test.
The result of the research shows that the English on Sky textbook
published by Erlangga used by the seventh grade students of SMP N 2
Kutowinangun is readable for the students. The textbook is readable because the
textbook generally uses simple sentences. The complex sentences are rarelyfound
in this textbook. The textbook also uses familiar words in the reading texts.
Besides that, long sentences are rarely found in the textbook. This textbook uses
short sentences for 12 to 13 years old in which the textbook is for the the 9 years
old level. Because the textbook is readable, the students are motivated in reading
the textbook. So, it is possible for the students to understand the textbook without
a teacher’s guidance.
After analyzing the data and making conclusion, the researcher suggests
that the teacher should be aware about the readability and know how a textbook
can be said as a good one. Besides that, the teacher should concern with the
selection of reading material. The reading material must be appropriate with the
students’ reading level. The students also have to improve their vocabulary and
grammar mastery to support them in understanding the textbook.
Keywords: Readability, textbook
v
MOTTO
“Will you make it better, or just stand here longer?”
“Always be yourself and never be anyone else even they look better
than you”
vi
DEDICATION
With deep profound love, this thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved Father and Mother, no words can
represent how grateful I am to be your daughter!
My beloved brothers and sisters, thank you for
your support and prayer,
My Best of the Best Friends
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin.Praise be to Allah SWT who has given His
blessing to the writer so that she can complete the writing of this thesis. In this
occasion, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation
to the following.
1. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd., the dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty, for his advice and his approval of this thesis.
2. Drs. M. Rohmadi, M. Hum., the head of the Art and Language Education,
and Teguh Sarosa, SS, M. Hum, the head of English Department of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty, for their advice and their
approval of this thesis.
3. Dr.Ngadiso, M. Pd, the first consultant, and Dewi Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd. M.
Pd., the second consultant, for their priceless guidance, advice, suggestion,
encouragement and patience.
4. H. Sugiyatno, S.Pd, M.Pd the headmaster of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun for
facilitating the writer in collecting the data.
5. Tri Wijayadi, S. Pd the English teacher of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun, who
has helped the writer to do the research.
6. The seventh grade students of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun who have
participated well during the research.
7. Her beloved family, for their supports, caring, prayer, andhelps.
8. Her friends in English Department of year 2008, for their everlasting
friendship.
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. She hopes
and accepts every comment and suggestion. Hopefully, this thesis will be useful
for the readers.
Surakarta, 15 Januari 2014
‘Lita’
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ..............................................................................................................
i
PRONOUNCEMENT .....................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL ....................................................................................................
iii
LEGITIMATION ............................................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
v
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................
xi
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................. xii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION ................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study .................................................
1
B. Problem Identification ......................................................
4
C. Problem Limitation ..........................................................
4
D. Problem Statement ...........................................................
4
E. Benefit of the Study ..........................................................
4
THEORITICAL REVIEW .....................................................
5
A. Textbook............................................................................
5
1. Definition of Textbook ..................................................
5
2. The Criteria of Good Textbook .....................................
6
B. Readability ........................................................................
8
1. The Definitions of Readability .....................................
8
2. Approaches for Measuring Readability Level ............. 10
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................... 19
A. Method of the Study ......................................................... 19
B. Research Subject .............................................................. 19
ix
C. Research Setting ............................................................... 19
D. Data and Source of Data .................................................... 20
E. Technique of Collecting Data .......................................... 20
F. Triangulation .................................................................... 21
G. Technique of Analyzing Data .......................................... 22
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ........................ 24
A. Research Finding .............................................................. 24
1. The Description of the Textbook .................................. 24
2. The Teacher’s and the Students’ View Toward the “English
on Sky” Textbook .............................................................. 24
3. The Result of Applying in Fry Graph and Cloze Test . 29
B. Discussion ......................................................................... 33
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION ........ 36
A. Conclusion ........................................................................ 36
B. Implication ........................................................................ 37
C. Suggestion ......................................................................... 37
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 39
APPENDICES ................................................................................................. 41
x
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Interview Protocol with the English Teacher ........................... 42
Appendix 2: Interview Protocol with the Seventh Grade Students ............... 43
Appendix 3: Interview Transcript with the English Teacher ........................ 44
Appendix 4: Interview Transcript with the Students .................................... 48
Appendix 5: Cloze Test 1 .............................................................................. 52
Appendix 6: Cloze Test 2 .............................................................................. 58
Appendix 7: Cloze Test3 ............................................................................... 63
Appendix 8: Cloze Test Score ....................................................................... 67
Appendix 9: The Result of Analysis Using the Fry Graph ........................... 73
Appendix 10: Students’ Worksheet................................................................. 74
Appendix 11: The Cover of the Textbook ...................................................... 129
Appendix 12: Map of the Textbook ................................................................ 130
xi
LIST OF TABLE
Tabel 1:
Interpretation Table for Reading Ease Score ................................ 13
Tabel 2:
Interpretation Table from Dale Chall Score .................................. 15
Tabel 3:
SMOG Conversion Table .............................................................. 16
Tabel 4:
Fry Readability Graph ................................................................... 17
Tabel 5:
Cloze Test Calculation .................................................................. 23
Tabel 6:
Fry Graph Estimation Result ......................................................... 33
xii
13