An Analysis Of Code Mixing Found In Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara"
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN AHMAD FUADI’S NOVEL
“RANTAU 1 MUARA”
A THESIS
BY
NINA KARTIKA
REG. NO. 100705050
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN AHMAD FUADI’S NOVEL
“RANTAU 1 MUARA”
A THESIS
BY
NINA KARTIKA
REG. NO.100705050
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum
Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum
NIP. 195103131980032001
NIP. 195711171983032002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhijar Muchtar, M.S
……………………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum
……………………………….
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I NINA KARTIKA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THS
THESIS.
THIS
THESIS
CONTAINS
NO
MATERIAL
PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: NINA KARTIKA
TITLE OF THESIS
: AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN
AHMAD
FUADI’S
NOVEL
“RANTAU
1
MUARA”
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Bismillahirramanirrahiim, in the name of Allah SWT – the Beneficent and
the Merciful. First of all I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty Allah
SWT, who gives me health, power and spirit so that I can complete this thesis. This
thesis is intended to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Ilmu
Budaya, from the English Department, Faculty of Cultural Science, University of
Sumatera Utara.
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who give me the possibility
to complete this thesis. I would like to thank the Dean Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the
head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, the Secretary of English
Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D, for their help during the days of my
study in this faculty. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief,
M.Hum, and co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum, who have helped, stimulated,
and given suggestions and encouragement to me in all the time of writing of this
thesis.
Especially, I would to thank to my beloved parents, Robingun and Nuriati
whose patience give me support and motivation to finish my thesis. They also have
helped me in moralities and materials. To my grandmother, Ngadinem thank you to
always pray for me and thanks for loving me. To my auntie, Jumilah and Suparia
thanks for supporting me and also for my cousin Ade Fitria.. Thank you very much
to my big family. I love you all.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
My thank is also to the special someone who have supported me, helping me
and he always had countless time to accompany me when I felt stress in writing this
thesis. He always made me feel happy and enjoy.
I thank to all my friends in Islamic Student Association (HMI), Andi
Wiranata, Nuary, Fadda, Anggi, Septika, Faisal, and etc, thanks for your supporting
and thanks for helping me in all difficulties. Special thanks for my lovely sister Sari
Dewi Tanjung who always give all her time for helping me and accompany me
through my life , sad and happy life. I love you.
I would to thank to my entire classmate especially Siti Mariam, SS, Mori
Satria Harahap, SS, Firly Dara Syafitri, SS, Paramitha Sari Sinaga, SS, Septiany
Gultom, SS, and etc for having great times during finishing this thesis and for tears
and laugh that we share, you are the great friends that I ever have. For my entire
friends who always give support and help me, thank you so much. Last, thank you to
Bang Mistam as the administrative staff of English Department for all his help and
contribution to finish all the administrative matters. I also would like to thank to
those who help me to finish this thesis that I can not mention one by one.
Medan,
Juli 2014
Nina Kartika
100705050
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul An Analysis of Code Mixing Found in Ahmad Fuadi’s
Novel “Rantau 1 Muara” ini, berisi kajian sosiolinguistik yang menyangkut peristiwa
campur kode yang terjadi di dalam novel tersebut. Penulis menganalisis banyaknya
komponen bahasa yang digunakan dalam novel tersebut dan mencari komponen
bahasa yang paling dominan. Selain itu penulis menggunakan teori Breadsmore
dalam mengkaji penyebab terjadinya peristiwa campur kode. Penelitian ini
merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan yaitu dengan menghimpun data dari
berbagai literature baik diperpustakaan maupun ditempat-tempat lain. Ada beberapa
langkah yang dilakukan dalam mengolah dan menganalisis data, yakni dengan
mengumpulkan semua data yang mengandung campur kode dari setiap bab,
kemudian data tersebut di identifikasi dan menentukan campur kode yang digunakan
serta menghitungnya kedalam tabel..Analisis difokuskan pada komponen bahasa
yang digunakan, komponen bahasa yang paling sering digunakan dan alasan penulis
menggunakan campur kode di dalam novelnya. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis data,
disimpulkan bahwa penulis novel Rantau 1 Muara, Ahmad Fuadi menggunakan
bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa utama yang digunakan para tokohnya. Di samping
itu, Fuadi juga menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, bahasa Arab, serta bahasa daerah
dalam novelnya. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan total campur kode yang
digunakan dalan novel tersebut yaitu sebanyak 358 campur kode dengan 4 jenis
komponen bahasa yang digunakan yaitu kata (49,2%), prasa (40,8%), klausa (1,4%)
dan kalimat (8,6%) , dan komponen bahasa yang paling dominan adalah kata
(49,2%). Selain itu ada 5 penyebab terjadinya peristiwa campur kode yang
ditemukan dalam novel tersebut,yaitu; bilingualism, social community, situations,
vocabulary dan prestige.
Kata kunci: sosiolinguistik, campur kode, novel, komponen bahasa, kata, prasa,
klausa, kalimat
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis titled An Analysis of Code Mixing Found in Ahmad
Fuadi’s Novel Rantau 1 Muara. It contains sociolinguistic study that discuss about
code mixing indeed. The writer analyzes the components of language which are used
in that novel and find out the most dominant’s component. Besides that the writer use
Breadsmore’s theory in analyze the cause of the interference of code mixing. This
research is a kind of library research that collect data from the literature either in the
library or other places. There are several steps taken in processing and analyzing the
data such as collecting all the data that contains code mixing of each chapter, then
the data is identified, determining the code mixing that used and count them into the
table. Analysis focused on components of language which are used, the component
of language which is dominant used and the reason of the writer use code mixing in
his novel. Based on the result of data analysis, it can be concluded that the writer of
Rantau 1 Muara, Ahmad Fuadi use bahasa Indonesia as the major language that used
by the characters. Besides that, Fuadi also use English, Arabian language and ethnic
language in his novel. The writer found 358 code mixing in that novel from the
research result. There are 4 components of language which are used, they are word
(49,2%), phrase (40,8%), clause (1,4%) and sentence (8,6%) and the most dominant
of components of language is word (49,2%). Besides that there are 5 reasons why the
writer use code mixing in his novel. They are bilingualism, social community,
situations, vocabulary and prestige.
Key Words: Sociolinguistic, Code Mixing, Novel, Components of language, Word,
Phrase, Clause, Sentence
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION............................................................
i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION........................................................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I:
CHAPTER II:
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
.....................1
1.2. Problems of the Study
.....................4
1.3. Objective of the Study
.....................5
1.4. Scope of the Study
....................5
1.5. Significance of the Study
.....................5
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics
.....................7
2.2 Bilingualism
.....................8
2.3 Code
.....................9
2.3.1 Code Switching
.....................10
2.3.2 Code Mixing
.....................11
2.3.2.1 Type of Code Mixing
.....................13
2.4
.....................15
Components of Language
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III:
CHAPTER IV:
CHAPTER V:
REFERENCES
2.4.1
Word
.....................15
2.4.2
Phrase
.....................16
2.4.3
Clause
.....................16
2.4.4
Sentence
.....................18
2.5
Novel
.....................18
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design
.....................20
3.2 Data and Source of Data
.....................20
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data
.....................21
3.4 Technique of Analyzing Data
.....................21
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Analysis
.....................23
4.2 Finding
.....................32
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
.....................44
5.2 Suggestion
.....................47
.....................48
APENDIX
Universitas Sumatera Utara
“RANTAU 1 MUARA”
A THESIS
BY
NINA KARTIKA
REG. NO. 100705050
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN AHMAD FUADI’S NOVEL
“RANTAU 1 MUARA”
A THESIS
BY
NINA KARTIKA
REG. NO.100705050
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum
Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum
NIP. 195103131980032001
NIP. 195711171983032002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhijar Muchtar, M.S
……………………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum
……………………………….
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum
……………………………….
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I NINA KARTIKA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THS
THESIS.
THIS
THESIS
CONTAINS
NO
MATERIAL
PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: NINA KARTIKA
TITLE OF THESIS
: AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN
AHMAD
FUADI’S
NOVEL
“RANTAU
1
MUARA”
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Bismillahirramanirrahiim, in the name of Allah SWT – the Beneficent and
the Merciful. First of all I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty Allah
SWT, who gives me health, power and spirit so that I can complete this thesis. This
thesis is intended to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Ilmu
Budaya, from the English Department, Faculty of Cultural Science, University of
Sumatera Utara.
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who give me the possibility
to complete this thesis. I would like to thank the Dean Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the
head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, the Secretary of English
Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D, for their help during the days of my
study in this faculty. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief,
M.Hum, and co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum, who have helped, stimulated,
and given suggestions and encouragement to me in all the time of writing of this
thesis.
Especially, I would to thank to my beloved parents, Robingun and Nuriati
whose patience give me support and motivation to finish my thesis. They also have
helped me in moralities and materials. To my grandmother, Ngadinem thank you to
always pray for me and thanks for loving me. To my auntie, Jumilah and Suparia
thanks for supporting me and also for my cousin Ade Fitria.. Thank you very much
to my big family. I love you all.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
My thank is also to the special someone who have supported me, helping me
and he always had countless time to accompany me when I felt stress in writing this
thesis. He always made me feel happy and enjoy.
I thank to all my friends in Islamic Student Association (HMI), Andi
Wiranata, Nuary, Fadda, Anggi, Septika, Faisal, and etc, thanks for your supporting
and thanks for helping me in all difficulties. Special thanks for my lovely sister Sari
Dewi Tanjung who always give all her time for helping me and accompany me
through my life , sad and happy life. I love you.
I would to thank to my entire classmate especially Siti Mariam, SS, Mori
Satria Harahap, SS, Firly Dara Syafitri, SS, Paramitha Sari Sinaga, SS, Septiany
Gultom, SS, and etc for having great times during finishing this thesis and for tears
and laugh that we share, you are the great friends that I ever have. For my entire
friends who always give support and help me, thank you so much. Last, thank you to
Bang Mistam as the administrative staff of English Department for all his help and
contribution to finish all the administrative matters. I also would like to thank to
those who help me to finish this thesis that I can not mention one by one.
Medan,
Juli 2014
Nina Kartika
100705050
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul An Analysis of Code Mixing Found in Ahmad Fuadi’s
Novel “Rantau 1 Muara” ini, berisi kajian sosiolinguistik yang menyangkut peristiwa
campur kode yang terjadi di dalam novel tersebut. Penulis menganalisis banyaknya
komponen bahasa yang digunakan dalam novel tersebut dan mencari komponen
bahasa yang paling dominan. Selain itu penulis menggunakan teori Breadsmore
dalam mengkaji penyebab terjadinya peristiwa campur kode. Penelitian ini
merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan yaitu dengan menghimpun data dari
berbagai literature baik diperpustakaan maupun ditempat-tempat lain. Ada beberapa
langkah yang dilakukan dalam mengolah dan menganalisis data, yakni dengan
mengumpulkan semua data yang mengandung campur kode dari setiap bab,
kemudian data tersebut di identifikasi dan menentukan campur kode yang digunakan
serta menghitungnya kedalam tabel..Analisis difokuskan pada komponen bahasa
yang digunakan, komponen bahasa yang paling sering digunakan dan alasan penulis
menggunakan campur kode di dalam novelnya. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis data,
disimpulkan bahwa penulis novel Rantau 1 Muara, Ahmad Fuadi menggunakan
bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa utama yang digunakan para tokohnya. Di samping
itu, Fuadi juga menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, bahasa Arab, serta bahasa daerah
dalam novelnya. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan total campur kode yang
digunakan dalan novel tersebut yaitu sebanyak 358 campur kode dengan 4 jenis
komponen bahasa yang digunakan yaitu kata (49,2%), prasa (40,8%), klausa (1,4%)
dan kalimat (8,6%) , dan komponen bahasa yang paling dominan adalah kata
(49,2%). Selain itu ada 5 penyebab terjadinya peristiwa campur kode yang
ditemukan dalam novel tersebut,yaitu; bilingualism, social community, situations,
vocabulary dan prestige.
Kata kunci: sosiolinguistik, campur kode, novel, komponen bahasa, kata, prasa,
klausa, kalimat
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis titled An Analysis of Code Mixing Found in Ahmad
Fuadi’s Novel Rantau 1 Muara. It contains sociolinguistic study that discuss about
code mixing indeed. The writer analyzes the components of language which are used
in that novel and find out the most dominant’s component. Besides that the writer use
Breadsmore’s theory in analyze the cause of the interference of code mixing. This
research is a kind of library research that collect data from the literature either in the
library or other places. There are several steps taken in processing and analyzing the
data such as collecting all the data that contains code mixing of each chapter, then
the data is identified, determining the code mixing that used and count them into the
table. Analysis focused on components of language which are used, the component
of language which is dominant used and the reason of the writer use code mixing in
his novel. Based on the result of data analysis, it can be concluded that the writer of
Rantau 1 Muara, Ahmad Fuadi use bahasa Indonesia as the major language that used
by the characters. Besides that, Fuadi also use English, Arabian language and ethnic
language in his novel. The writer found 358 code mixing in that novel from the
research result. There are 4 components of language which are used, they are word
(49,2%), phrase (40,8%), clause (1,4%) and sentence (8,6%) and the most dominant
of components of language is word (49,2%). Besides that there are 5 reasons why the
writer use code mixing in his novel. They are bilingualism, social community,
situations, vocabulary and prestige.
Key Words: Sociolinguistic, Code Mixing, Novel, Components of language, Word,
Phrase, Clause, Sentence
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION............................................................
i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION........................................................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I:
CHAPTER II:
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
.....................1
1.2. Problems of the Study
.....................4
1.3. Objective of the Study
.....................5
1.4. Scope of the Study
....................5
1.5. Significance of the Study
.....................5
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics
.....................7
2.2 Bilingualism
.....................8
2.3 Code
.....................9
2.3.1 Code Switching
.....................10
2.3.2 Code Mixing
.....................11
2.3.2.1 Type of Code Mixing
.....................13
2.4
.....................15
Components of Language
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III:
CHAPTER IV:
CHAPTER V:
REFERENCES
2.4.1
Word
.....................15
2.4.2
Phrase
.....................16
2.4.3
Clause
.....................16
2.4.4
Sentence
.....................18
2.5
Novel
.....................18
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design
.....................20
3.2 Data and Source of Data
.....................20
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data
.....................21
3.4 Technique of Analyzing Data
.....................21
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Analysis
.....................23
4.2 Finding
.....................32
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
.....................44
5.2 Suggestion
.....................47
.....................48
APENDIX
Universitas Sumatera Utara