Analysis of The Translation of Language Play in 'James and The Giant Peach'.

ABSTRACT

Dalam skripsi ini, saya membahas aspek permainan kata dalam sebuah
novel karya Roald Dahl James and the Giant Peach dan novel terjemahan
Indonesianya yang berjudul James dan Persik Raksasa. Teori yang digunakan
adalah teori permainan kata dari Guy Cook dan David Crystal, dan juga teori
linguistik dalam bidang fonologi, morfologi, dan semantik.
Dalam permainan kata, penulis tidak hanya bermain dengan bunyi dari
kata-kata tertentu, tetapi juga dengan makna dari kata-kata tersebut. Dengan
permainan kata, penulis novel/cerita dapat menciptakan humor dan membuat
suatu kata/ kata-kata menjadi lebih menarik. Contoh penggunaan permainan kata
dalam karya sastra dapat dijumpai dalam novel James and the Giant Peach dan
terjemahannya.
Dalam melakukan analisis, saya menemukan bahwa Dahl menggunakan
bermacam-macam permainan kata dalam bidang fonologi, seperti penggunaan
aliterasi, asonansi, onomatope, dan rima; dalam bidang morfologi, mencakup
penggunaan afiksasi dan kata majemuk; dan dalam bidang semantik, mencakup
penggunaan kata-kata kiasan dan kontradiksi. Sedangkan dalam novel
terjemahannya, saya menemukan adanya penghilangan beberapa bentuk
penggunaan permainan kata.
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Dari hasil analisis ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan kata dapat
menimbulkan efek yang berbeda bagi pembacanya. Oleh karena itu, penerjemah
harus mengupayakan agar para pembaca dapat mengerti maknanya dan merasakan
efek dari terjemahan permainan kata tersebut meskipun bentuknya sulit untuk
dipertahankan.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………...……...ii
ABSTRACT……..……………………………………………...…………….….iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study…………………………………..........................1
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………….4
Purpose of the Study………………………………………........................4

Method of the Research…………………………………………………...5
Organization of the Thesis………………………………………………...6
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Language Play…..…………………………………………………………7
Theory of Translation…………………………………………………….13
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF
LANGUAGE PLAY IN JAMES AND THE GIANT
PEACH…………………………………………………..………….…………...17
Phonology………………………………..………………………………17
Morphology……………………………………..….….…………………37
Semantics………………………………………………………………...41
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION………………………………….……….54
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………58
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: List of Data…………………………………………………66
Appendix 2: James and the Giant Peach and James dan Persik Raksasa 70

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1
List of Data

No

Data

Keep

English
1

Indonesian

no swing, no seesaw, no Tak ada ayunan, tak ada
sand pit (p. 10)

Form

Sense

-











-

-

jungkat-jungkit, tak ada bak

pasir (p. 11)

2

punishment

dan

kesakitan,

unhappiness and despair ketidakbahagiaan

dan

(p. 23)
3

pain, Hukuman

kesedihan (p. 26)

curses and cries of pain sumpah serapah, dan seruan
(p. 62)

4

and

kesakitan (p. 74)

I’ve eaten many strange Aku pernah makan segala
and scrumptious dishes makanan (p. 85)
(p. 71)

66

5

Like jellied gnats and Seperti jeli gnat, dandyprat,



-



-



-



-









dandyprats and earwigs dan kuping berkutu (p. 85)
cooked in slime (p. 71)
6

mice with rice. They are dan tikus tanah -amat renyah
really nice (p. 71)

7

And

scrambled

(p. 85)
dregs, Dan

ampas

and stinkbugs’ eggs, and kocok,

dan

hancur,

telur

kerbau

rebus

hornets stewed in tar…. aspal…. (p. 85)
(p. 72)
8

pails

of

snails

and seember siput dan goreng

lizards’ tails (p. 72)
9

buntut (p. 85)

quack quack quacko (p. kwak-kwak-kwakau (p. 124)
104)

10

plop plop plop plop (p. plop plop plop plop (p. 136)
114)

11

ping ping ping (p. 114)

tling tling tling (p. 136)





12

crack (p. 114)

krak (p. 136)





13

To baby-sit and sing and untuk





-



menjaga,

merajut,

knit and be a chaperone bernyanyi dan mengawasi (p.

14

(p. 145)

174)

‘You’re a slitherer, that’s

“Kau adalah perayap, itulah

all you are! You just

kau!

slither along!’

merayap!”

Kau

67

hanya

dapat

‘I

glide,’

said

the “Aku meluncur,” kata Cacing

Earthworm primly. (p. Tanah berwibawa. (p. 51)
44)
15

‘Idiots!’

he

yelled. “Idiot!” si Lipan berteriak.

‘Nincompoops!
wits!

-

-







-



-

-

-





Half- “Otak udang! Setengah gila!

Blunderhead! Keledai! Apa yang kalian

Asses! What on earth do pikir kalian kerjakan di sana!”
you think you’re doing (p. 134)
over there!’ (p. 113)
16

His room was as bare as Kamar
a prison cell. (p. 8)

James

melompong

seperti

kosong
sel

penjara. (p. 9)
17

‘I look and smell,’ Aunt “Aku cantik,” Bibi Sponge
Sponge

declared,

‘as berkata,

lovely as a rose! (p. 13)
18

mawar

berkembang! (p. 14)

You’re only bone and Kau hanya tulang melulu. (p.
skin. (p. 13)

19

“bak

14)

‘I think you’d make. “Kuyakin kau pantas,” Bibi
’Aunt Spiker said, ‘A Spiker

menukas

“jadi

lovely Frankenstein.’ (p. Frankenstein yang melar.” (p.
13)
20

14)

The sea is deep, cold, and Laut terhampar dalam, dingin,
hungry. (p. 59)

dan lapar. (p. 70)

68

21

He is only happy when Dia hanya senang jika dia
he is gloomy. (p. 67).

22







murung. (p. 81)

The problem is there is Masalahnya adalah tak ada
no problem. (p. 70)



masalah sama sekali. (p. 83)

69

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study
It is beyond doubt that children’s world is not far from imagination;
therefore, there are many authors who use their creativity to arouse children’s
imagination through children’s literature (“Taiwan Literature”). However, only a
few of them are expert at playing on words. Roald Dahl is undoubtedly the most
successful children's writer in the world (“The Independent”).
The fact that Roald Dahl has a creative and humorous style when it deals
with writing children’s books is unquestionable. His books for children such as
Dahl’s second book James and the Giant Peach, which was first published in
1961, are rich in words with extra-ordinary sounds, interesting adjectives and
humorous poems. These points make his books popular among young readers, and
therefore arouse my interest in analyzing one of his works.
The source of my data is a novel by Roald Dahl, namely James and the
Giant

Peach

and

its

Indonesian

translation

James

dan

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Persik Raksasa by Poppy D. Chusfani. I use both novels as the data of my
research. I would like to analyze the Indonesian translation of language play,
compared to its source text in English. It is possible that some problems will arise
when readers do not use English as their primary language; therefore, the readers
need the translation to understand the novel.
James and the Giant Peach is a wonderful children’s story with many
adventures and outstanding characters (“Review James and the Giant Peach”). As
in many of Roald Dahl’s works, the central character is a poor and deprived child,
so is with James Henry Totter as the central character in James and the Giant
Peach (“Review James and the Giant Peach”).
Roald Dahl is a British novelist, short story writer, fighter pilot and screen
writer who wrote books not only for grown-ups, but also for children. Besides
James and the Giant Peach, Dahl wrote Fantastic Mr. Fox, The Gremlins, and
many other stories. Concerning his children's stories, he once said that wild
exaggeration of his points was the only way to get through to children.
Roald Dahl is probably the most popular and best-selling children's book
author since his collection of short stories has been translated into many languages
and has become best-sellers all over the world (“Biography of Roald
Dahl”). However, these stories are so sarcastic and humorous that adults also
appreciate reading them (“Biography of Roald Dahl”). Most of Dahl’s books are
fantasy. There is always a little cruel, but the story is never humourless. It is an
exciting combination of the silly and amusing things (“Biography of Roald
Dahl”). Died in November 1990, Roald Dahl is called as one of the most widely

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read and influential writers of their generation by The Times (“Biography of Roald
Dahl”).
The topic of my thesis is Analysis of the Translation of Language Play in
Roald Dahl’s James and the Giant Peach. As it is defined that language play is
divided into two types, namely play with language form and play with units of
meaning (Cook 27) and I also want to show that Dahl is great not only in one
aspect of linguistics, but also in other aspects with various devices that are related
to language play; therefore, I am going to analyze all linguistics aspects that I
have found in the English novel. In addition, I would like to compare various data
for many devices in each aspect of linguistics in the English version to the
translated version; therefore, I am not going to analyze the whole data because of
the limitation of words for this thesis. I only analyze the first four data (from p. 8,
the beginning of Chapter 1, to p. 145, the middle of Chapter 37) to the maximum
for each device in each aspect of linguistics. However, if the data found for each
device is less than four, I would analyze the whole data.
In analyzing the language play, I use a linguistic approach both in the
English novel as well as its Indonesian translation to explain things related to the
language play. The linguistic elements in the analysis are phonology, which deals
with sounds of words; morphology, which deals with word formations; and
semantics, which deals with meanings of words.
Concerning translation, translators need not only accuracy, but also the
ability to translate language play since language play has an important role in
making a story more interesting. They have to be able to translate by noticing the

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form, which is concerned with the style or structure of the words, and the sense,
which is concerned with the content or meaning of the word (Hatim and Munday
10).
By analyzing language play in Roald Dahl’s James and the Giant Peach
and Its Indonesian translation James dan Persik Raksasa, I would like to give the
readers a better understanding of language play found in the novel and its
translation in order that they can enjoy and appreciate language play as one part of
linguistic aspects. By having an understanding of language play in the novel, the
readers will be able to enjoy reading it better.
For other researchers, this thesis can be used as a comparison to do a better
research on a similar topic. For translators, this thesis may give information about
the functions of language play found in children’s novels. The insight can help
them to produce better sense and form in translating language play. By translating
language play in the novel or other literary works accurately, translators can
convey amusing and pleasant ideas to readers based on the source text.

(892 words)

1.2 Statement of the Problem
In this thesis, I am going to analyze:
1. What form(s) of language play is/are found in James and the Giant Peach?
2. What is the translation of the language play?

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3. Which element(s) does/do the translator keep: the form, the sense, the
form and the sense, or neither the form nor the sense?
4. What is /are the effect(s) of the language play and its translation on the
readers?

1.3 Purpose of the Study
By carrying out the study, I intend:
1. To describe what form of the language play.
2. To show the translation of the language play.
3. To find out which element(s) the translator keeps: the form, the sense, the
form and the sense, or neither of the form nor the sense.
4. To describe the effect(s) of the language play and its translation on the
readers.

1.4 Method of Research
I searched for some examples of famous children’s stories and chose
James and the Giant Peach and its Indonesian translation James dan Persik
Raksasa as my data. I read both novels and collected data from them. I analyzed
all the data by using some theories from books which deal with linguistics. I also
searched for other information needed from the Internet to support my analysis.
Then, I wrote the report.

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1.5 Organization of the Thesis
This thesis consists of four chapters. It begins with Chapter One, the
Introduction, which contains Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem,
Purpose of the Study, Method of Research, and Organization of the Thesis. Next
is Chapter Two, which provides the linguistic theories used as references in
analyzing the language play. Then, it is followed by Chapter Three, in which I
present the analysis of language play in James and the Giant Peach and James
dan Persik Raksasa. The last chapter is Chapter Four, which contains the
Conclusion. I list the books and other references from the Internet that I have
consulted in writing this thesis in Bibliography. At the end of this thesis, there are
Appendices, which consist of the list of data in a table that I have analyzed and
the copy of the data from the two novels.

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CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION

After analyzing the data found in Roald Dahl’s James and the Giant Peach
and its translation James dan Persik Raksasa, I conclude that forms of language
play used in the two novels are almost the same. Regarding the first research
question, which is related with the form of language play, I find out that there are
eight forms of language play. I categorize the form of language play into three
areas of linguistic, namely phonology, morphology, and semantics.
The first linguistic aspect is phonology, in which there are four devices,
namely alliteration, assonance, rhyme, and onomatopoeia. In the first device, there
are four data in the English version contain alliteration and only two data that the
translator can keep both the form and the sense. The translator can only keep the
sense in data (1) because there are no other translated words in the target language
and so she has to change the form of language play. Moreover, she fails to keep
both the form and the sense in data (4). In the second device, there are four data
contain rhyme, in which the translator fails to keep the all the sense. In the next
device, there are four data containing onomatopoeia, in which the translator keeps
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all the use of language play with the same sense. In the last device, there is one
data containing assonance, in which the translator keeps the use of language play
in the form of assonance and consonance. From the analysis, I notice that
sometimes the translator has to change the form of language play or use loan
words in order to keep the use of language play and the effect for the readers.
The second linguistic aspect is morphology. I only found two data that
deal with morphology, namely data (14) that contains affixation and data (15) that
contains compounding. In the two data, the translator fails to keep the form, which
means the language play is not available. In my opinion, the difficulty in keeping
the use of language play is caused by different availabilities of vocabulary in both
languages, as can be seen in data (14). The word slitherer is not available in
English dictionaries; while the translated word perayap, which has the same
meaning as slitherer, is available in Indonesian dictionaries.
The last linguistic aspect is semantics. The devices are figurative language
and contradiction. I only analyzed four data concerning figurative language. Two
data contain simile, in which the translator has succeeded to keep the sense in data
(16), but failed to keep the sense in data (17). One data contains personification,
in which the translator has succeeded in translating the language play by keeping
the form and the sense. One data contains metaphor, in which the translator has
succeeded in keeping the form of language play although she fails to keep the
sense. The last device is contradiction, in which the translator fails to keep the use
of language play in data (19), but has succeeded in keeping the use of language
play in data (21) and data (22). Therefore, that she can transfer the meaning and
the effect of language play to the readers.
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From the finding above, I conclude that language play in the novel that
contains a device in phonology is easier to be translated into the same sense
because the meaning usually remains the same. In addition, in order to translate
language play in morphological and semantic aspects, the translator has to be
more careful because it is more difficult to state the aims of the author in making
the language play.
After doing the analysis, I conclude that the use of language is various in
functions. Dahl shows that language is not only used for communicating with
others, but also used for certain purposes. One can create enjoyment for others by
manipulating language or without manipulating it. In addition, one can create
humours by playing with language. From the analysis, I find that Dahl uses the
language play mostly as a source of enjoyment for the readers.
Concerning translation, I conclude that the translator’s expertise will
determine whether the translation is accurate and clear in order to convey the
meaning and the effect of language play precisely to the reader of the translated
version. As a whole, it can be concluded that the Indonesian translation of Dahl’s
James and the Giant Peach has not really succeeded in transferring the meaning
and the effect of the original text. It can be seen from several data containing
language play in the original version that are not well translated, so the form and
the sense are not well delivered to the readers of the translated version.
In my opinion, the language play found in the novel is interesting because
it is creatively made by the writer. Furthermore, when the language play found in
the English version is translated into Indonesian, I think it is difficult for the
translator to keep the same form and sense. Sometimes, the translator can only
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keep the form or the sense only; and sometimes, the translator cannot keep either
of them. When the translator fails to keep the form and the sense, the readers of
Indonesian version will not get the effect of language play found in the English
version.
For any researchers who intend to take a similar topic, I suggest to find
other books by Roald Dahl because he is well-known for being creative at playing
on words. However, it is still possible for any researchers to analyze this novel
because there are other topics that can be used to analyze this novel, such as
nonsense and name-playing. There is also a similar topic that can be used to
analyze this novel, namely figurative language. There are still many data that
contain figurative language that have not been analyzed because of the limitation
of words. In addition, there are other sources such as newspapers, textbooks,
speeches, and subtitles that can be chosen for further research because further
exploration is needed to obtain more knowledge and enrich the translation
research as a means of conveying information.
Personally, I am interested in the way the writer creates language play in
the novel. He uses many kinds of language play that makes the novel more
interesting. Moreover, I really enjoy reading this novel. Last of all, I dare say that
Dahl is a great writer who is excellent at language play.

(1,067 words)

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Texts
Chusfani, Poppy D., trans. James dan Persik Raksasa. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia
Pustaka Utama, 2010. Print.
Dahl, Roald. James and the Giant Peach. England: Clays Ltd, St Ives plc., 2001.
Print.

References
Abrams, M. Howard. A Glossary of Literary Terms. United States: Thomson
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Allingham, Philip V. “Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein” (1818) – A Summary of
Modern Criticsm.” Victorian Web. 24 January 2003. Web. 18 March 2013.
Appleyard, Bryan. "Interview: Roald and the promiscuous girl." The Independent.
N.p. 21 March 1990. Web. 11 April 2012.
Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. England: Clays Ltd,
St Ives plc., 1992. Print.
Bertacchi, Denise. “How Does a Ladybug Fly.” eHow. Washington: Demand
Media Inc., 2011. Web. 28 May 2012.

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Blidir, Hata. “Biography of Roald Dahl.” Poem Hunter. N.p. n.d. Web. 11 April
2012.
Caldognetto, E. Magno, et al. Visual and acoustic modifications of phonetic labial
targets in emotive speech: Effects of the co-production of speech and
emotions. 2004. Print.
Cook, Guy. Language play, language learning. ELT Journal, 51. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1997. Print.
Crane, L. Ben, Edward Yeager, and Randal L. Whitman. An Introduction to
Linguistics. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1981. Print.
Crystal, David. Language Play. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1998. Print.
Devlin, Joseph. How to Speak and Write Correctly. United States: Wildside Press,
LLC, 2006. Print.
Dilladp. “Senja di Phillip Island.” Reader’s Digest. 5 November 2012. Web. 11
April 2013.
“Figurative Language: Metaphors and Similes”. New Jersey: Pearson Education,
Inc.,2010. Web. 11 March 2013.
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