Prof. Alis Seminar 07 june 2010
From Vacuum Tubes to Nanoelectronics:
Contributions of Physical Electronics to
the
IT Revolution
Prof. Dr. Ali S. Hennache
Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
Faculty of Sciences
Physics Department
AIMISIU – 2010 June 07th - ASH
2009/2010 Seminar Series
Organiser:
Location:
Speaker:
07 June 2010 -
Prof. Dr. Ali S. Hennache
!
From Vacuum Tubes to Nanoelectronics:
Contributions of Physical Electronics to the
IT Revolution
Talk Title:
"
Physics Electronics is a field of Engineering and Applied Physics that grew out of the
study and application of electricity. It manipulates the flow of electrons in a variety of ways and accomplishes
this by using gases, semiconductors materials like silicon and germanium, and other devices like solar cells,
light-emitting diodes (LED), lasers, and microwave tubes. The aim of Nanoelectronics is to process, transmit
and store information by taking advantage of properties of matter that are distinctly different from macroscopic
properties.
The talk focuses on the contributions of electronics to the information technology revolution from
vacuum tubes invention to the new technology of nano. In simple terms, nanotechnology can be defined as
‘engineering at a very small scale’ making things at an extremely small scale which are smaller, faster ,more
powerful, stronger and consuming less energy using completely new materials or with new properties.
However, with very small devices (at nanoscale), circuits may not behave properly, and thus the talk will also
discuss, how nanotechnology will solve such problems by using nanowires, nanotubes or any other
nanomaterials.
Physical Electronics and
Nanotechnology
§
“The 21st-century technologies - genetics,
nanotechnology, and robotics (GNR) - are so
powerful that they can spawn whole new
classes of accidents and abuses. Most
dangerously, for the first time, these accidents
and abuses are widely within the reach of
individuals or small groups.”
Why the future doesn’t need us: Bill Joy, Wired Magazine
Yow! It
is really
invisible
Nanobio
Nanodots
Nanowires
Nanoelectronics
Nanobots
Nanomaterials
Nanochondria
The word nano is from
the Greek word ‘Nanos’
meaning Dwarf. It is a
prefix used to describe
"one billionth" of
something, or
0.000000001.
It’s not biology, physics
or chemistry. It’s all
sciences that work with
the very small.
Includes advances in
all industries,
including the
electronic, chemical,
and pharmaceutical.
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Nanoscience
§
§
§
Fabrication, study and modeling of devices and structures where at least one
dimension is 200 nm or smaller.
convergence of physics, chemistry, materials science and biology
deals with the manipulation and characterisation of matter on length scales between the
molecular and the micron-size
Nanotechnology
“Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly
1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.”
“Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology
involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.”
Enables devices that are compact, portable, energy efficient, integrate sensing, and
carry out complex functions of a full-scale laboratory BioMEMS
Bio electromechanical systems
The Nanoscale
!"!
Size matters: scales, Miniaturization
% !!!
!#$
#& ' ()
m
m
Size Matters
§ *
+
§ * ,
,
,
History
§
§ !"!
§ .
§ / (
-
*
'
/ ((
§ 0
,
,
§
§
§
Problem
§ 1
§ % " " ' (24 3
2
Nanotechnology and the Environment
4
5
6
.
4
Nanotechnology
#
7
Pollution prevention
Treatment
Remediation
Information
What is an assembler?
Speculations
§ 8
§ 8
6
§ 0
§ 8
9
'
,
,
§ 8
§ 0
;
:
Introduction to Nanotechnology
§ 1
5
< =
(2!
§ @'
Ø8 A
ØB
ØC
Ø6
.
=
(2)
.
< =
? (29
:
<
<
<
5
= : ( () % ( 9
A =: ((
% (( >
= : )( % D( >
<
=:%#
How to fabricate Nanostructures?
2 principal approaches
2G ,
§
§ .
A
§ E
'
2F
§ 0
/
.
/.
§ 5
§
§ @
§ @
1
2
There are two ways to build
a house…...
$
%
&
There are two ways to
make tools...
$
%
&
Nanotechnology is the next step after
miniaturisation.
Arranged one way,
atoms make up soil, air
and water. Arranged
another way they make
up strawberries or
smoke.
!
!
!
!
Conclusions
§5
§8
§8
? "( HB
2 2
(
, (( HB
§6
§8
§6
§@
'
/
&(I
Life With and After CMOS: Towards Hybrid CMOSCMOSSET IC Architectures?
Feature
ture S
Size (m
(mm)
CMOS: past and future
Alternative devices
CMOS
((
CMOS IC evolution
(
CMOS
0.1m
mm in 2002
(
((
Transition Region
Alternative
devices
Quantum devices
Atomic dimensions
( ((
!)(
!D(
&(((
Year
&(&(
&(#(
ITRS: close to 10nm
10nm wall
Revisions
visions of roadmap
8
à &(( / !!$ % #2
1994
250 nm
180 nm
1996
1998
node
130 nm
100 nm 70 nm
150nm
1y
50nm
2y
35nm
3y
4y
2000
4y 40nm 30nm
(120nm)
2002
(65nm) 90nm 65nm 45nm 32nm 22nm
(37nm) (28nm) (18nm) (13nm) (9nm)
(...) MPU gate length
2004
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
year of production
CMOS: 15nm channel length
500
Drain
rain Current ( m A/m m)
Vg = 0.8V
400
Key problems of MOSFET
for subsub-10nm channel length
25 nm
0.7V
15nm
300
0.6V
200
0.5V
100
0.4V
Contributions of Physical Electronics to
the
IT Revolution
Prof. Dr. Ali S. Hennache
Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
Faculty of Sciences
Physics Department
AIMISIU – 2010 June 07th - ASH
2009/2010 Seminar Series
Organiser:
Location:
Speaker:
07 June 2010 -
Prof. Dr. Ali S. Hennache
!
From Vacuum Tubes to Nanoelectronics:
Contributions of Physical Electronics to the
IT Revolution
Talk Title:
"
Physics Electronics is a field of Engineering and Applied Physics that grew out of the
study and application of electricity. It manipulates the flow of electrons in a variety of ways and accomplishes
this by using gases, semiconductors materials like silicon and germanium, and other devices like solar cells,
light-emitting diodes (LED), lasers, and microwave tubes. The aim of Nanoelectronics is to process, transmit
and store information by taking advantage of properties of matter that are distinctly different from macroscopic
properties.
The talk focuses on the contributions of electronics to the information technology revolution from
vacuum tubes invention to the new technology of nano. In simple terms, nanotechnology can be defined as
‘engineering at a very small scale’ making things at an extremely small scale which are smaller, faster ,more
powerful, stronger and consuming less energy using completely new materials or with new properties.
However, with very small devices (at nanoscale), circuits may not behave properly, and thus the talk will also
discuss, how nanotechnology will solve such problems by using nanowires, nanotubes or any other
nanomaterials.
Physical Electronics and
Nanotechnology
§
“The 21st-century technologies - genetics,
nanotechnology, and robotics (GNR) - are so
powerful that they can spawn whole new
classes of accidents and abuses. Most
dangerously, for the first time, these accidents
and abuses are widely within the reach of
individuals or small groups.”
Why the future doesn’t need us: Bill Joy, Wired Magazine
Yow! It
is really
invisible
Nanobio
Nanodots
Nanowires
Nanoelectronics
Nanobots
Nanomaterials
Nanochondria
The word nano is from
the Greek word ‘Nanos’
meaning Dwarf. It is a
prefix used to describe
"one billionth" of
something, or
0.000000001.
It’s not biology, physics
or chemistry. It’s all
sciences that work with
the very small.
Includes advances in
all industries,
including the
electronic, chemical,
and pharmaceutical.
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Nanoscience
§
§
§
Fabrication, study and modeling of devices and structures where at least one
dimension is 200 nm or smaller.
convergence of physics, chemistry, materials science and biology
deals with the manipulation and characterisation of matter on length scales between the
molecular and the micron-size
Nanotechnology
“Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly
1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.”
“Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology
involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.”
Enables devices that are compact, portable, energy efficient, integrate sensing, and
carry out complex functions of a full-scale laboratory BioMEMS
Bio electromechanical systems
The Nanoscale
!"!
Size matters: scales, Miniaturization
% !!!
!#$
#& ' ()
m
m
Size Matters
§ *
+
§ * ,
,
,
History
§
§ !"!
§ .
§ / (
-
*
'
/ ((
§ 0
,
,
§
§
§
Problem
§ 1
§ % " " ' (24 3
2
Nanotechnology and the Environment
4
5
6
.
4
Nanotechnology
#
7
Pollution prevention
Treatment
Remediation
Information
What is an assembler?
Speculations
§ 8
§ 8
6
§ 0
§ 8
9
'
,
,
§ 8
§ 0
;
:
Introduction to Nanotechnology
§ 1
5
< =
(2!
§ @'
Ø8 A
ØB
ØC
Ø6
.
=
(2)
.
< =
? (29
:
<
<
<
5
= : ( () % ( 9
A =: ((
% (( >
= : )( % D( >
<
=:%#
How to fabricate Nanostructures?
2 principal approaches
2G ,
§
§ .
A
§ E
'
2F
§ 0
/
.
/.
§ 5
§
§ @
§ @
1
2
There are two ways to build
a house…...
$
%
&
There are two ways to
make tools...
$
%
&
Nanotechnology is the next step after
miniaturisation.
Arranged one way,
atoms make up soil, air
and water. Arranged
another way they make
up strawberries or
smoke.
!
!
!
!
Conclusions
§5
§8
§8
? "( HB
2 2
(
, (( HB
§6
§8
§6
§@
'
/
&(I
Life With and After CMOS: Towards Hybrid CMOSCMOSSET IC Architectures?
Feature
ture S
Size (m
(mm)
CMOS: past and future
Alternative devices
CMOS
((
CMOS IC evolution
(
CMOS
0.1m
mm in 2002
(
((
Transition Region
Alternative
devices
Quantum devices
Atomic dimensions
( ((
!)(
!D(
&(((
Year
&(&(
&(#(
ITRS: close to 10nm
10nm wall
Revisions
visions of roadmap
8
à &(( / !!$ % #2
1994
250 nm
180 nm
1996
1998
node
130 nm
100 nm 70 nm
150nm
1y
50nm
2y
35nm
3y
4y
2000
4y 40nm 30nm
(120nm)
2002
(65nm) 90nm 65nm 45nm 32nm 22nm
(37nm) (28nm) (18nm) (13nm) (9nm)
(...) MPU gate length
2004
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
year of production
CMOS: 15nm channel length
500
Drain
rain Current ( m A/m m)
Vg = 0.8V
400
Key problems of MOSFET
for subsub-10nm channel length
25 nm
0.7V
15nm
300
0.6V
200
0.5V
100
0.4V