Isolasi Dan Indentifikasi Bakteri Kitinolitik Dari Nepenthes Tobaica Dan Nepenthes Gracilis

  

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Amagase, S. 1972. Acid Proteases in The Genus Nepenthes and Drosera Peltata.

  Biochemistry . 72(1): 73-81.

  Amagase, S., Mori, M. & Nakayama, S. 1972. Enzymatic Digestion of Insects by

  Nepenthes Secretion and Drosera Peltata Extract: Proteolytic and Chitinolytic Activities. Biochemistry. 72(3): 765-767.

  Anindyaputri, A. 2010. Identifikasi Molekular Bakteri Pengurai Kitin Serangga dan Karakterisasi Enzim Kitinasenya. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Studi Biologi. Anuradha, V. & Revathi, K. 2013. Purification and Characterization of Bacterial

  Chitinase Isolated from Crustacean Shells. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience . 1(4): 1-11. Arbia, W., Arbia, L., Adour, L. & Amrane, A. 2013. Chitin Extraction from

  Crustacean Shells by Biological Methods Review. Food Techology and . 51(1): 12-25.

  Biotechnology

  Ardani, F., Yasmin, Y. & Fitri, L. 2012. Potensi Bakteri Kitinolitik Sumber Air Panas Sebagai Pengendali Hayati Larva Aedes Aegypti L. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, Biologi Edukasi . 4(2): 77-81.

  Barzanti, R., Ozino, F., Bazzicalupo, M., Gabbrielli, R., Galardi, F., Gonnelli, C., & Mengoni, A., 2007. Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from The Nickel Hyperaccumulator Plant Alyssum bertolonii.

  Microbial Ecology . 53: 306-316.

  Bauer, U., Grafe, T.U. & Federle, W. 2011. Evidence for Alternative Trapping Strategies in Two Forms of The Pitcher Plant, Nepenthes rafflesiana.

  Experimental Botany . 62(10): 3683-3692.

  Bhattacharya, D., Nagpure, A. & Gupta, R.K. 2007. Bacterial Chitinases: Properties and Potensial. Critic Reviews in Biotechnology. 27(1): 21-28. Bhore, S.J., Komathi, V. & Kandasamy, K.I. 2013. Diversity of Endophytic

  Bacteria in Medicinally Important Nepenthes species. Natural Science, Biology and Medicine . 4: 431-434. Brzezinska, M.S. & Donderski, W. 2006. Chitinolytic Bacteria in Two Lakes of Different Trophic Status. Polish Journal of Ecology. 54(2): 295-301. Cardinale, M., Brusetti, L., Quatrini, P., Borin, S., Pugila, A.M., Rizzi, A., of Different Primer Sets for Use in Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis of Complex Bacterial Communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 70(10): 6147-6156.

  Chandler, J.C., Molins, C.R., Petersen, J.M. & Belisle, J.T. 2011. Differential Chitinase Activity and Production within Francisella Species, Subspecies, and Subpopulation. Journal of Bacteriology. 193(13): 3265-3275.

  Chasanah, E., Ali, M. & Ilmi, M. 2012. Identification and Partial Characterization of Crude Extracellular Enzymes from Bacteria Isolated from Shrimp Waste Processing. Squalen. 7(1): 11-18. Chernin, L.S., Fuente, L.D., Sobolov, V., Haran, S., Vorgias, C.E., Oppenheim,

  A.B. & Chet, I. 1997. Molecular Cloning, Structural Analysis, and Expressian in Escherichia coli of A Chitinase Gene from Enterobacter agglomerans . Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 63(3): 834-839.

  Clarke C. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatera and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications. Malaysia. Cohen, R., Kupiec & Chet, I. 1998. The Molecular Biology of Chitin Digestion.

  . 9: 270-277.

  Current Opinion in Biotechnology

  Dahiya, N., Tewari, R., Tiwari, R.P. & Hoondal, G.S. 2005. Chitinase from

  Enterobacter sp. NRG4: Its Purification, Characterization and Reaction Pattern. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 8(2): 134-145.

  Dahiya, N., Tewari, R., Hoondal, G.S. 2006. Biotechnology Aspects of Chitinolityc Enzymes: A Review. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology . 71: 773-782.

  Dariana. 2009. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes dan Pohon Inang di Taman Wisata Alam Sicikeh-Cikeh Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara. [Tesis]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, Program Studi Biologi.

  Das, S.N., Dutta, S., Kondreddy, A., Chilukoti, N., Pullabhota, V.S.R.N., Vadlamudi, S. & Podile, A. R. 2010. Plant Growth-Promoting Chitinolityc

  Penibacillus elgii Responds Positively to Tobacco Root Exudates. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation . 1007: 1-10.

  Dharmayanti, N.L.P.I. 2011. Filogenetika Molekuler: Metode Taksonomi Organisme Berdasarkan Sejarah Evolusi. Wartazoa. 2(1): 1-10. Donderski, W. & Brzezinska, M.S. 2003. The Utilization of N- acetyloglucosamine and Chitin as Sources of Carbon and Nitrogen by

  Planktonic and Benthic Bacteria in Lake Jziorak. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies . 12(6): 685-692. Eilenberg, H., Cohen, S.P., Schuster, S., Movtchan, A. & Zilberstein, A. 2006.

  Isolation and Characterization of Chitinase Genes from Pitchers of The Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes khasiana. Experimental Botany. 57(11): 2775-2784.

  Faramarzi, M.A., Fazeli, M., Yazdi, M.T., Adrangi, S. & Ahmadi, K.J. 2009.

  Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Production of Chitinase by A Soil of Massilia timonae. Biotechnology. 8(1): 93-99. Galante, R.S., Taranto, A.G., Koblitz, M.G.B., Goes-Neto, A., Pirovani, C.P., Cascardo, J.C.M., Cruz, S.H., Pereira, G.A.G. & De assis., S.A. 2012.

  Purification, Characterization and Structural Determination of Chitinase Produced by Moniliopthora perniciosa. Annals of Brazilian Academy of Sciences . 84(2): 469-486.

  Ghanem, K.M., Al-Garni, S.M. & Al-Makisnah, N.H. 2010. Statistical Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Chitinase Production from Fish Scales Waste by Aspergillus terreus. African Journal of Biotechnology.

  9(32): 5135-5146. Gohel, V., Singh, A., Vimal, M., Ashwini, P. & Chhatpar, H.S. 2006.

  Bioprospecting and Antifugal Potential of Chitinolityc Microorganisms.

  African Journal of Biotechnology . 5(2): 54-72.

  Gomaa, E.Z. 2012. Chitinase Production by Bacillus Thuringiensis and Bacillus Licheniformis : Their Potential in Antifungal Biocontrol. Microbiology.

  50(1): 103-111. Gooday, G.W. 1990. Physiology of Microbial Degradation of Chitin and Chitosan. Biodegradation. 1(2-3): 177-190.

  Gorb, A., Kastner, V., Peressadko, A., Arzt, E., Gaume, L., Rowe, N. & Gorg, S.

  2004. Structure and Properties of The Glandular Surface in The Digestive Zone of The Pitcher in The Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes Ventrata and Its Role in Insect Trapping and Retention. Experimental Biology. 207: 2947- 2963.

  Grompe, M., Johnson, W. & Jameson, J.L. 1998. Principles of Molecular Medicines . Humana Press Inc. Totowa. Haggag, W.M. & Hasan, A.E. 2013. Purification and Synergistic Activity of

Extraselluler Chitinase, β 1-3 Glucanase from Conithyrium minitans

  Against Scleritinia sclerotiorum of Sunflowers. Journal of Applied Sciences Research . 9(1): 55-61. Hamid, R., Mahboob, A., Mali, M.A. & Saleem, J. 2013. Purification and

  Characterization of Thermostable Chitinase from A Novel S. maltophilia Herdyastuti, N., Cahayanigrum, S.E., Raharjo, T.J., Mudasir & Matsjeh, S. 2012.

  Potential Antifungal of Chitinolytic Bacteria Pseudomonas sp. TNH54 from Mud Field. Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 3: 1117-1124. Higashi, S., Nakashima, A., Ozaki, H., Abe, M. & Uchiumi, T. 1993. Analysis of Feeding Mechanism in A Pitcher of Nepenthes hybrid. Plant Research.

  106: 47-54. Holt, J.G., Noel, R.K., Peter, H.A.S., James, T.S. & Stanley, T.W. 1994.

  Bergey’s

Manual of Determinative Bacteriology . Williams & Wilkins. USA.

  Inbar, J. & Chet, I. 1991. Detection of Chitinolityc Activity in The Rhizosphere Using Image Analysis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 23: 239-242. Janda, J.M. & Abbot, S.L. 2007. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in The Diagnostic Laboratory: Ploses, Perils, and Pitfalls.

  Journal of Clinical Microbiology . 45(9): 2761-2764.

  Kamil, Z., Rizk, M., Saleh, M. & Moustafa, S. 2007. Isolation and Identification of Rhizosphere Soil Chitinolityc Bacteria and Their Potential in Antifugal Biocontrol. Global Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2(2): 57-66. Kim, M., Mark, M., & Yu, A. 2011. Evaluation of Different Partial 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Regions for Phylogenetic Analysis of Microbiomes.

  Microbiological Methods . 84: 81-87.

  Lawati, N. 2013. Pemurnian Parsial dan Karakterisasi Enzim Kitinase dari

  Beauveria bassiana . [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Studi Biokimia.

  Leboffe, M.J. & Pierce, B.E. 2011. A Photographic Atlas for The Microbiology

  th Laboratory.

  4 Edition. Morton Publishing Company. USA. Liu, W.T., Marsh, T.L., Cheng, H. & Forney, L.J. 1997. Characterization of

  Microbial Diversity by Determining Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms of Genes Encoding 16S rRNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 63(11): 4516-4522.

  Macrogen Inc. 2005.

Client’s Publication. Macrogen Inc. Korea

  Mansur, M. 2007. Nepenthes, Kantong Semar yang Unik. Penebar Swadaya.

  Jakarta. Marchesi, J.R., Sato, T., Weightman, A. J., Martin, T.A., Fry, J.C., Hiom, S.J. &

  Wade, W.G. 1998. Design and Evaluation of Useful Bacterium Specific PCR Primer that Amplify Genes Coding for Bacterial 16S rRNA. Applied Ningaraju, T.M. 2006. Cloning and Characterization of Chitinase Gene/s from Native Isolates of Serratia marcencens. [Thesis]. Dharward: University of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology.

  Nursyirwani & Kathy, C.A. 2007. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Hidrokarbonoklastik dari Perairan Dumai dengan Sekuen 16S rRNA. Ilmu . 12(1): 12-17.

  Kelautan

  Okay, S., Ozdal, M. & Kurbanoglu, E.B. 2013. Characterization, Antifungal Activity, and Cell Immobilization of A Chitinase from Serratia Marcescens Mo-1. Turkish Journal of Biology. 37: 639-644.

  Owen, T.P., Lennon, K.A., Santo, M.J., & Anderson, A.N. 1999. Pathways for Nutrient Transport in The Pitchers of The Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes alata . Annals of Botany. 84: 459-466.

  Patil, R.S., Ghormade, V. & Deshpande, M.V. 2000. Chitinolityc Enzyme: An Exploration. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 26: 473-483. Raghava, G.P.S., Solanki, R.J., Soni, V. & Agrawal, P. 2000. Fingerprinting

  Method for Phylogenetic Classification and Identification of Microorganisms Based on Variation in 16S rRNA Gene Sequences.

  BioTechniques . 29 (1):108-116 .

  Ramirez, M.A., Rodriguez, A.T., Alfonso, L. & Peniche, C. 2010. Chitin and Its Derivates as Biopolymers with Potential Agricultural Application.

  Biotechnology . 27: 270-276.

  Riedel, M., Eichner, A. & Jetter, R. 2003. Slippery Surfaces of Carnivorous Plants: Composition of Epicuticular Wax Crystals in Nepenthes alata _. Blanco Pitchers Planta . 218: 87-97.

  Rochima, E. 2006. Pemurnian dan Karakterisasi Kitin Deasetilase Termostabil dari Bacillus papandayan Asal Kawah Kamojang Jawa Barat. Jurnal

  Bionatural. 8(2): 193-209.

  Rosenblueth, M & Martinez-Romero, E. 2006. Bacterial Endophytes and Their Interactions with Hosts. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 19(8): 827-837. Rottloff, S., Stieber, R., Maischak, H., Turini, F.G., Huebl, G. & Mithofer, A.

  2011. Functional Characterization of A Class III Acid Endochitinase from The Traps of The Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Genus, Nepenthes.

  Experimental Botany . 62(13): 4639-4647.

  Rychlik, W. 1995. Selection of Primers for Polymerase Chain Reaction.

  Molecular Biotechnology . 3: 129-134. Sachse, K. & Frey, J. 2010. PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens. Humana Press. New Jersey. Saranya, N. & Thayumanavan, T. 2013. Production and Some Properties of

  Chitinase from Pseudomonas putida Isolated from Fish Waste Dumping Soil. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal. 3(5): 214- 223.

  Shaikh, S.A. & Desphande, M.V. 1993. Chitinolityc Enzymes: Their Contribution to Basic and Applied Research. World Journal of Microbiology and

  Biotechnology . 9: 468-475.

  Shakhbazau, A.V. & Kartel, N.A. 2008. Chitinases in Bioengineering Research.

  Russian Journal of Genetics . 44(8): 881-889.

  Shivas, R.G. & Brown, J.F. 1989. Yeasts Associated with Fluid in Pitchers of . Mycological Research. 93(1): 96-100.

  Nepenthes

  Shuler, M.L. & Kargi, F. 1992. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts. Prentice Hall. New Jersey. Singh, R.K., Kumar, D.P., Solanki, M.K., Singh, P., Srivastvia, A.K., Kumar, S., Kashyap, P.L., Saxena, A.K., Singhal, P.K. & Arora, D.K. 2012.

  Optimization of Media Components for Chitinase Production by Chickpea Rhizosphere Associated Lysinibacilus fusiformis B-CM18. Journal of Basic Microbiology . 52: 1-10.

  Stackebrandt, E. & Goebel, B.M. 1995. A Place for DNA-DNA Reassociation and

  16S rRNA Sequence Analysis in The Present Species Definition in Bacteriology. International Jurnal of Systematic Bacteriology. 44: 846- 849.

  Sulistiyaningsih. 2008. Identifikasi Isolat Bakteri Penghasil Zat Antibakteri dari Cairan Kantung Tanaman Kantong Semar (Nepenthes ampullaria, Jack).

  Bandung: Universitas Padjadjaran. Suryanto, D., Munir, E. & Yurnaliza. 2005. Keragaman Genetik Gen Peyandi

  Kitinase pada Berbagai Jenis Bakteri dan Pemanfaatannya. Laporan Hasil Penelitian Hibah Bersaing Tahun Anggaran 2005. Svitil, A.L., Chadhain, S., Moore, J.A. & Kirchman, D.L. 1997. Chitin

  Degradation Protein Produced by The Marine Bacterium Vibrio harveyi Growing on Different Forms of Chitin. Applied Environmental Microbiology . 63(2): 408-413.

  Takeuchi, Y., Salcher, M.M., Ushio, M., Inatsugi, R.S., Kobayashi, M.J., Diway,

  B., Mering, C.V., Pernthaler, J., & Shimizu, K.K. 2011. In Situ Enzyme

  Activity in the Dissolved and Particulate Fraction of The Fluid from Four Pitcher Plant Species of The Genus Nepenthes. PlosOne. 6(9): 1-9. Tan, B.C.S. 2011. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Kitinolitik Asal Cairan dalam Kantong Tanaman Nepenthes ventrata dan Nepenthes reinwardtiana.

  [Skripsi]. Surabaya: Universitas Surabaya, Program Studi Bioteknologi. Tokes Z.A., Woon, W.C. & Chambers, S.M. 1974. Digestive Enzymes Secreted by The Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes macferlanei L. Planta. 119: 39-46.

  Tronsmo, A. & Harman, G.E. 1993 Detection and Quantification of N-acetyl- Beta-D-Glucosamidase, Chitobiosidase and Endochitinase in Solutions and on Gels. Analytical Biochemistry. 208(1): 74-79.

  Velusamy, P. & Kim, K.Y. 2011. Chitinolytic Activity of Enterobacter sp. KB3 Antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani and Its Role in The Degradation of Living Fungal Hyphae. International Research Journal of Microbiology.

  2(6): 206-214. Wulandari, F. 2009. Optimasi Produksi N-Asetiglukosamina dari Kitin Melalui

  Fermentasi oleh Aspergillus rugulosus 501. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Studi Biokimia. Yogiara. 2004. Analisis Komunitas Bakteri Cairan Kantung Semar (Nepenthes spp.) Menggunakan Teknik Terminal Restriction Fragment Lenght

  Polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Studi Biologi.

  Yurnaliza, Margino, S. dan Sembiring, L. 2011. Kemampuan Kitinase

  Streptomyces RKt5 sebagai Antijamur terhadap Patogen Fusarium oxysporum. Jurnal Natur Indonesia. 14(1): 42-46.

  Zhang, Z., Sarath, G., Yuen, G. & Penheiter, A.R. 2001. Chitinases from The Plant Disease Biocontrol Agent, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia C3.

  Phytopathology . 91: 204-211.