Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Uji Toksisitas Subkronik Ekstrak Etanol Kubis Ungu (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Capitata F. Rubra) pada Tikus Jantan

KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAN UJI TOKSISITAS SUBKRONIK
EKSTRAK ETANOL KUBIS UNGU (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata f.
rubra) PADA TIKUS JANTAN
ABSTRAK
Kubis ungu (Brassica oleracea L.) famili Brassicaceae berkhasiat sebagai
antidiabetes, antioksidan, antihiperglikemik, analgesik dan antiinflamasi yang
mengandung senyawa antosianin cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia dan uji efek toksisitas subkronik ekstrak
etanol daun kubis ungu setelah pemberian selama 28 hari pada tikus.
Simplisia kubis ungu diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan
pelarut etanol 80%. Karakterisasi dan skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap
simplisia dan ekstrak. Uji toksisitas subkronik menggunakan tikus jantan
sebanyak 48 ekor yang dibagi dalam 8 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol (I) diberikan
suspensi Na CMC 0,5%. Kelompok uji (II, III, IV, V dan VI) masing-masing
diberi ekstrak etanol kubis ungu dengan konsentrasi 62,5, 125, 250, 500, 1000
mg/kg bb selama 28 hari. Kelompok satelit (VI dan VIII) masing – masing diberi
suspensi Na CMC 0,5% dan ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 1000 mg/kg bb selama 42
hari.
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia diperoleh kadar air 8,66%, kadar sari larut
dalam air 13,71%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 11,05%, kadar abu total 6,42%
dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 5,73%. Pada ekstrak diperoleh kadar air

9,33%, kadar abu total 9,76% dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 9,43%. Hasil
skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak dijumpai senyawa flavonoid, glikosida,
dan antrakinon. Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak tidak ditemukan kematian tikus pada
semua kelompok. Tidak ditemukan adanya gejala toksik pada perilaku fisik hewan
seperti terjadinya diare, salivasi, lemas, jalan mundur dan jalan menggunakan
perut.
Kata kunci: Karakterisasi simplisia, ekstrak etanol kubis ungu, toksisitas
subkronik, tikus jantan.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND SUB-CHRONIC TOXICITY
TEST WITH ETHANOL EXTRACT OF RED CABBAGE (Brassica
oleracea L. var capitata f. rubra) ON MALE RATS
ABSTRACT
The red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) belonging to the family
Brassicaceae, is the one of herbal medicine that had many effect, which is
antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, analgesic and antiinflammation. Red
cabbage is rich of anthocyanin pigment. This study aimed to test a crude drug,

phytochemical screening, and toxic effects of ethanol extract of red cabbage after
administration for 28 days to rats.
Red cabbage extraction was macerated by ethanol 80%. Characterization
and phytochemical screening was carried out on simplex and extract. Sub-chronic
toxicity tests using rats as much as 48 tails, which were grouped into 8 groups.
Control (I) was given 0.5% CMC Na solution. Dosage (II, III, IV, V, and VI)
respectively given the ethanol extract of red cabbage leaf with a concentration
62.5, 125 ,250, 500, 1000 mg / kg bw for 28 days. Satellite (VII and VIII)
respectively given CMC Na and 1000 mg/kg bw concentration for 42 days.
Result of simplex characterization was water content 8.66% and 9.33%,
levels of water-soluble 13.71% and 11.37%, the levels of ethanol-soluble 11.05%,
total ash content 6.42% and ash content does not dissolve in acid 5.73%. For
extract was water content 9.33%, total ash content 9.76% and ash content does not
dissolve in acid 4.33%. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of
flavonoids, glycoside, and anthraquinone. There were no deaths found at toxicity
test in any groups. There were no toxic symptoms in physical behavior of rats
such as diarrheae, salivation, weak, step backward and walk with stomach.
Keywords: simplex characterization, ethanol extract of red cabbage, sub-chronic
toxicity, male rats.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara