Karakteristik Penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronis (PPOK) yang dirawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Haji Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2012
ABSTRAK
Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronis (PPOK) adalah penyakit yang ditandai
oleh hambatan aliran udara yang terus menerus dan bersifat progresif dan biasanya
berhubungan dengan peningkatan respon inflamasi kronis terhadap partikel dan gas
berbahaya pada saluran pernapasan. Tingginya proporsi perokok di Indonesia yaitu
65,9% dari penduduk laki-laki berusia 15 tahun ke atas dan 4,2% wanita berusia 15
tahun ke atas serta pemakaian rokok yang terlalu dini dapat menggambarkan PPOK.
Untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita PPOK yang dirawat inap di
RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan, dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan desain
case series. Populasi dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 110 penderita pada tahun
2012 yang tercatat di rekam medis rumah sakit. Data univariat dianalisis secara
deskriptif sedangkan data bivariat dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square,
Mann-Whitney, dan Kruskal Wallis dengan CI 95%.
Proporsi berdasarkan sosiodemografi tertinggi pada kelompok umur ≥60
tahun (64,5%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (86,5%), agama Protestan 56,4%, tingkat
pendidikan SMA/sederajat (61,8%), pekerjaan pensiunan (36,4%), dan luar kota
Medan (67,3%). Proporsi berdasarkan keadaan medis tertinggi keluhan sesak
napas (100%), tingkat keparahan stadium ringan (50%), jenis penyakit sebelumnya
TB Paru dan hipertensi (28,4%), komplikasi eksaserbasi (63,1%), dan riwayat
merokok (70,9%). Lama rawatan rata-rata 7,44 hari, sumber biaya bukan biaya
sendiri (84,5%), keadaan sewaktu pulang berobat jalan (77,3%).
Ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara lama rawatan dengan sumber biaya
(p=0,001)dan keadaan sewaktu pulang (p=0,001). Tidak ada perbedaan yang
bermakna antara riwayat merokok berdasarkan komplikasi dan lama rawatan
berdasarkan komplikasi.
Diharapkan kepada pihak rumah sakit untuk melengkapi pencatatan kartu
status, melanjutkan program penyuluhan kepada penderita dan keluarga penderita,
dan kepada penderita agar mengurangi paparan faktor risiko PPOK.
Kata kunci: PPOK, karakteristik penderita
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease characterized
by continuous and progressive airflow resistance and is usually associated with
increased chronic inflammatory response to noxious particles and gases in the
respiratory tract. The high proportion of smokers in Indonesia is 65.9% of the male
population aged and 4.2% of women above 15 years old and the use of cigarettes are
too early to describe COPD.
To determine the characteristics of patients with COPD who are hospitalized
in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan, conducted research by using a case series design.
Population and the samples were 110 patients in 2012, were recorded in hospital
medical records. Univariate data was analyzed descriptively while bivariate data was
analyzed by using Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis with 95% CI.
Based on socio-demographic, the highest proportions were in the age group ≥
60 years (64.5%), male gender (86.5%), 56.4% Protestant religion, level of education
high school / equivalent (61.8%), retired job (36.4%), and the outsider of Medan city
(67.3%). Highest proportion based on the medical conditions were shortness of
breath (100%), mild severity stage (50%), the last type of disease and hypertension
pulmonary TB (28.4%), exacerbation of complications (63.1%), and history of
smoking (70, 9%). The length Maintainability was on average 7.44 days, it was not
their own cost but it was cost source (84.5%), while the condition by outpatient
treatment (77.3%).
There is a significant difference between the cost of a long treatment with
source (p = 0.001) and the condition after going out of being hospitalized (p =
0.001). There is no significant difference between smoking history based on
complications and duration of treatment based on complications.
The hospital are expected to complete the registration card status and continuing
education programs for the patients and the families of patients, and to the patients
are expected to reduce exposure to COPD risk factors.
Keywords: COPD, patient characteristics
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronis (PPOK) adalah penyakit yang ditandai
oleh hambatan aliran udara yang terus menerus dan bersifat progresif dan biasanya
berhubungan dengan peningkatan respon inflamasi kronis terhadap partikel dan gas
berbahaya pada saluran pernapasan. Tingginya proporsi perokok di Indonesia yaitu
65,9% dari penduduk laki-laki berusia 15 tahun ke atas dan 4,2% wanita berusia 15
tahun ke atas serta pemakaian rokok yang terlalu dini dapat menggambarkan PPOK.
Untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita PPOK yang dirawat inap di
RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan, dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan desain
case series. Populasi dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 110 penderita pada tahun
2012 yang tercatat di rekam medis rumah sakit. Data univariat dianalisis secara
deskriptif sedangkan data bivariat dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square,
Mann-Whitney, dan Kruskal Wallis dengan CI 95%.
Proporsi berdasarkan sosiodemografi tertinggi pada kelompok umur ≥60
tahun (64,5%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (86,5%), agama Protestan 56,4%, tingkat
pendidikan SMA/sederajat (61,8%), pekerjaan pensiunan (36,4%), dan luar kota
Medan (67,3%). Proporsi berdasarkan keadaan medis tertinggi keluhan sesak
napas (100%), tingkat keparahan stadium ringan (50%), jenis penyakit sebelumnya
TB Paru dan hipertensi (28,4%), komplikasi eksaserbasi (63,1%), dan riwayat
merokok (70,9%). Lama rawatan rata-rata 7,44 hari, sumber biaya bukan biaya
sendiri (84,5%), keadaan sewaktu pulang berobat jalan (77,3%).
Ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara lama rawatan dengan sumber biaya
(p=0,001)dan keadaan sewaktu pulang (p=0,001). Tidak ada perbedaan yang
bermakna antara riwayat merokok berdasarkan komplikasi dan lama rawatan
berdasarkan komplikasi.
Diharapkan kepada pihak rumah sakit untuk melengkapi pencatatan kartu
status, melanjutkan program penyuluhan kepada penderita dan keluarga penderita,
dan kepada penderita agar mengurangi paparan faktor risiko PPOK.
Kata kunci: PPOK, karakteristik penderita
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease characterized
by continuous and progressive airflow resistance and is usually associated with
increased chronic inflammatory response to noxious particles and gases in the
respiratory tract. The high proportion of smokers in Indonesia is 65.9% of the male
population aged and 4.2% of women above 15 years old and the use of cigarettes are
too early to describe COPD.
To determine the characteristics of patients with COPD who are hospitalized
in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan, conducted research by using a case series design.
Population and the samples were 110 patients in 2012, were recorded in hospital
medical records. Univariate data was analyzed descriptively while bivariate data was
analyzed by using Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis with 95% CI.
Based on socio-demographic, the highest proportions were in the age group ≥
60 years (64.5%), male gender (86.5%), 56.4% Protestant religion, level of education
high school / equivalent (61.8%), retired job (36.4%), and the outsider of Medan city
(67.3%). Highest proportion based on the medical conditions were shortness of
breath (100%), mild severity stage (50%), the last type of disease and hypertension
pulmonary TB (28.4%), exacerbation of complications (63.1%), and history of
smoking (70, 9%). The length Maintainability was on average 7.44 days, it was not
their own cost but it was cost source (84.5%), while the condition by outpatient
treatment (77.3%).
There is a significant difference between the cost of a long treatment with
source (p = 0.001) and the condition after going out of being hospitalized (p =
0.001). There is no significant difference between smoking history based on
complications and duration of treatment based on complications.
The hospital are expected to complete the registration card status and continuing
education programs for the patients and the families of patients, and to the patients
are expected to reduce exposure to COPD risk factors.
Keywords: COPD, patient characteristics
Universitas Sumatera Utara