T B.ING 1303260 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.
PREFACE ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABSTRACT .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................ i
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. v
LIST OF APPENDICES....................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2
Research Questions ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3
Aims of the Study....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4
Scope of the Study....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5
Significance of the Study ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6
Clarification of Key Terms ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.7
Organization of the Paper............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Texture ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2
Cohesion ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1
Reference ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1
System of Retrieval ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1.1
Homophoric Reference ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1.2
Exophoric Reference................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1.3
Endophoric Reference............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2
Conjunction .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
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i
2.2.2.1
Types of Cohesive Conjunction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2.1.1
Elaboration ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2.1.2
Extension................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2.1.3
Enhancement ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3
Lexical Cohesion.................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1
Types of Lexical Cohesion ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.1
Repetition .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.2
Synonymy ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.3
Antonymy.................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.4
Hyponymy and Co-hyponymy.. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.5
Meronymy and Co- meronymy.. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.6
Collocation ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3
Cohesion in Language Pedagogy ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4
Discussion Text ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5
Related Research on Cohesive Devices in Students’ Writing.............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
2.6
Concluding Remarks ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Directions..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2
Research Design .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3
Site and Participants .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4
Data Collection............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5
Data Analysis .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6
Concluding Remarks ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Cohesive Devices in Students’ Discussion Texts ...... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
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ii
4.1.1
The Use of Reference in the Students’ Texts...... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1.1.1
The Way Presuming References are Demonstrated in the Texts
Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.1
Personal Reference.................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.2
Demonstrative Reference .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.3
Comparative Reference............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2
The Way Presuming References are Retrieved in the Text... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.1
Homophoric Reference ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.2
Exophoric Reference................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3
Endophoric Reference............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.1 Anaphoric Reference........... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.2 Cataphoric Reference .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.3 Esphoric Reference ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.4 Comparative Reference....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.5 Bridging Reference ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.6 Locational Reference .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2
The Use of Conjunction in the Students’ Texts .. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1.2.1
Elaboration ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.2
Extension ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.3
Enhancement ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3
The Use of Lexical Cohesion in the Students’ Texts.Error! Bookmark
not defined.
4.1.3.1
Repetition ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.2
Synonymy ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.3
Antonymy ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.4
Hyponymy and Co-Hyponymy .... Error! Bookmark not defined.
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
iii
4.1.3.5
Meronymy and Co-Meronymy ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.6
Collocation ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2
The Contribution of Cohesive Devices Used by the Students to the
Cohesion of Their Texts ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.1
Keeping Track of the Participants in the Text .... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.2.2
Avoiding Text Redundancy ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.3
Organizing the Ideas in Logical Order. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.4
Connecting parts of the text to the area of focus. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.3
Concluding Remarks ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1
Conclusions ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2
Recommendations ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
REFERENCES ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDICES
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of elaboration ........ 19
Table 2.2. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of extension ........... 20
Table 2.3. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of enhancement ..... 22
Table 2.4. An example of discussion text .......................................................... 34
Table 4.1. The occurrence of cohesive devices in students’ discussion texts .... 43
Table 4.2. The tabulation of the type of references.............................................. 45
Table 4.3. The tabulation of system of retrieval’s realization ............................ 51
Table 4.4. Tabulation of the use of conjunction ................................................... 62
Table 4.5. Tabulation of the use of lexical cohesion............................................ 74
Table 4.6. The contribution of cohesive devices to the cohesion of the students’
texts ...................................................................................................................... 83
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
v
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix I.
Students’ Discussion Texts
Appendix II. Analysis of Reference
Appendix III. Analysis of Conjunction
Appendix IV. Analysis of Lexical Cohesion
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
vi
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.
PREFACE ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABSTRACT .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................ i
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. v
LIST OF APPENDICES....................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2
Research Questions ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3
Aims of the Study....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4
Scope of the Study....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5
Significance of the Study ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6
Clarification of Key Terms ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.7
Organization of the Paper............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Texture ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2
Cohesion ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1
Reference ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1
System of Retrieval ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1.1
Homophoric Reference ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1.2
Exophoric Reference................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1.1.3
Endophoric Reference............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2
Conjunction .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
i
2.2.2.1
Types of Cohesive Conjunction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2.1.1
Elaboration ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2.1.2
Extension................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2.1.3
Enhancement ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3
Lexical Cohesion.................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1
Types of Lexical Cohesion ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.1
Repetition .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.2
Synonymy ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.3
Antonymy.................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.4
Hyponymy and Co-hyponymy.. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.5
Meronymy and Co- meronymy.. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3.1.6
Collocation ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3
Cohesion in Language Pedagogy ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4
Discussion Text ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5
Related Research on Cohesive Devices in Students’ Writing.............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
2.6
Concluding Remarks ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Directions..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2
Research Design .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3
Site and Participants .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4
Data Collection............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5
Data Analysis .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6
Concluding Remarks ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Cohesive Devices in Students’ Discussion Texts ...... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
ii
4.1.1
The Use of Reference in the Students’ Texts...... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1.1.1
The Way Presuming References are Demonstrated in the Texts
Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.1
Personal Reference.................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.2
Demonstrative Reference .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.3
Comparative Reference............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2
The Way Presuming References are Retrieved in the Text... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.1
Homophoric Reference ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.2
Exophoric Reference................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3
Endophoric Reference............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.1 Anaphoric Reference........... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.2 Cataphoric Reference .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.3 Esphoric Reference ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.4 Comparative Reference....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.5 Bridging Reference ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2.3.6 Locational Reference .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2
The Use of Conjunction in the Students’ Texts .. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1.2.1
Elaboration ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.2
Extension ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.3
Enhancement ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3
The Use of Lexical Cohesion in the Students’ Texts.Error! Bookmark
not defined.
4.1.3.1
Repetition ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.2
Synonymy ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.3
Antonymy ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.4
Hyponymy and Co-Hyponymy .... Error! Bookmark not defined.
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
iii
4.1.3.5
Meronymy and Co-Meronymy ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.6
Collocation ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2
The Contribution of Cohesive Devices Used by the Students to the
Cohesion of Their Texts ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.1
Keeping Track of the Participants in the Text .... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.2.2
Avoiding Text Redundancy ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.3
Organizing the Ideas in Logical Order. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.4
Connecting parts of the text to the area of focus. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.3
Concluding Remarks ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1
Conclusions ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2
Recommendations ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
REFERENCES ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDICES
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of elaboration ........ 19
Table 2.2. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of extension ........... 20
Table 2.3. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of enhancement ..... 22
Table 2.4. An example of discussion text .......................................................... 34
Table 4.1. The occurrence of cohesive devices in students’ discussion texts .... 43
Table 4.2. The tabulation of the type of references.............................................. 45
Table 4.3. The tabulation of system of retrieval’s realization ............................ 51
Table 4.4. Tabulation of the use of conjunction ................................................... 62
Table 4.5. Tabulation of the use of lexical cohesion............................................ 74
Table 4.6. The contribution of cohesive devices to the cohesion of the students’
texts ...................................................................................................................... 83
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
v
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix I.
Students’ Discussion Texts
Appendix II. Analysis of Reference
Appendix III. Analysis of Conjunction
Appendix IV. Analysis of Lexical Cohesion
PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE D EVICES IN STUD ENTS’ D ISCUSSION TEXTS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
vi