T B.ING 1201505 Table of content
DECLARATION…………………………………………………………………vi
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………..vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.……………………………………………………viii
PREFACE………………………………………………………………………..ix
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………..x
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………...xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Aims of the Study........................................................................................... 2
1.3 Research Question .......................................................................................... 2
1.4 The Teaching of English in the Research Site ............................................... 3
1.5 Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 4
1.6 Definitions of Key Terms ............................................................................... 4
1.7 Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................. 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................... 6
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 6
2.2 What is Scientific Approach? ......................................................................... 7
2.3 Basic Principles of Scientific Approach......................................................... 8
2.4 Benefits of Scientific Approach ................................................................... 12
2.5 Stages of Applying Scientific Approach ...................................................... 14
2.5.1 Observing .............................................................................................. 14
2.5.2 Questioning ........................................................................................... 18
2.5.3 Experimenting ....................................................................................... 21
2.5.4 Associating ............................................................................................ 22
2.5.5 Networking/ communicating ................................................................ 25
2.6 Language Teaching Approaches .................................................................. 27
2.7 English for Specific Purposes ...................................................................... 32
2.8 Related Research Reports............................................................................. 34
2.9 Criticisms towards Scientific Approach ....................................................... 35
2.10 Concluding Remark.................................................................................... 36
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................... 37
3.1 Research Question ........................................................................................ 37
3.2 Research Design ........................................................................................... 37
3.3 Research Site and Participants ..................................................................... 38
3.4 Goals of the Teaching Learning Process ...................................................... 39
3.5 The Research Site’s Syllabus ....................................................................... 40
3.6 Data Collection Techniques ......................................................................... 41
3.6.1 Observation ........................................................................................... 41
3.6.2 Interview ............................................................................................... 42
3.5.3 Document Analysis ............................................................................... 43
3.5.4 Pre-test and Post-test, Progress Test and Self-Assessment ................... 45
3.6 Data analysis Procedure ............................................................................... 46
3.6.1 Analysis of Data from Observation ...................................................... 46
3.6.2 Analysis of Data from Interview........................................................... 47
3.6.3 Analysis of Data from Pre-test and Post-test ........................................ 47
3.6.4 Analysis of Data from Curriculum, Syllabus and Need Analysis ........ 48
3.7 Data Triangulation........................................................................................ 48
3.8 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS ............................................................. 50
4.1 Data from Needs Analysis, Curriculum and Syllabus of the Research Site 50
4.2 The Teaching Program (An Overview) ........................................................ 56
4.3 Discussion of Observation Data ................................................................... 59
4.3.1 Data from Observing Stage ....................................................................... 59
4.3.2 Data from Questioning Stage ................................................................ 70
4.3.3 Data from Experimenting Stage............................................................ 75
4.3.4 Data from Associating Stage ................................................................ 83
4.3.5 Data from Networking or Communicating Stage ................................. 87
4.3.6 Data from Progress Test and Self-assessment ...................................... 97
4.4 Discussion of Data from Pre-test and Post-test .......................................... 101
4.5 Discussion of Interview Data ..................................................................... 106
4.5.1 Students’ Opinion on the Teaching Program ...................................... 107
4.5.2 Students’ Opinion on Advantages of Scientific Approach ................. 108
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.5.3 Students’ Opinion on Limitation or challenges of Scientific Approach111
4.5.4 Students’ Suggestion about Improvements to the Teaching Program 114
4.6 The Effects of Scientific Approach ............................................................ 115
4.6.1 Students’ ESP Learning ...................................................................... 115
4.6.2 Students’ Participation in Class Activities.......................................... 116
4.6.3 Student’s Achievement in TOEIC ...................................................... 118
4.7 Unexpected Finding ................................................................................... 119
4.8 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................. 119
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION............................................................................ 121
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 121
5.2 Conclusions ................................................................................................ 121
5.3 Limitation of the Study .............................................................................. 123
5.4 Recommendation for Further Studies ........................................................ 125
BIBILIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 127
APPENDICES ..................................................................................................... 145
APPENDIX 1: SYLLABUS OF ESP IN THE RESEARCH SITE ................. 146
APPENDIX 2: LESSON PLAN ...................................................................... 149
Appendix 2.1: Lesson Plan Meeting One .................................................... 149
Appendix 2.2: Lesson Plan Meeting Two.................................................... 151
Appendix 2.3: Lesson Plan Meeting Three.................................................. 153
Appendix 2.4: Lesson Plan Meeting Four ................................................... 155
Appendix 2.5: Lesson Plan Meeting Five .................................................... 157
Appendix 2.6: Lesson Plan Meeting Six...................................................... 159
Appendix 2.7: Lesson Plan Meeting Seven ................................................. 161
APPENDIX 3: ITEMS ON EXERCISES AND WRITTEN ASSESSMENT 165
Appendix 3.1: Exercises on Observing Activity.......................................... 165
APPENDIX 4: SCORING RUBRIC OF ROLE PLAY AND PRESENTATION171
Rubric of Communicating activities (presenting, dialoguing, role playing) ....... 171
APPENDIX 5: SELF-ASSESSMENT FORM ................................................ 172
APPENDIX 6: OBSERVATION DATA......................................................... 174
Appendix 6.1 Sample of Observations Notes by the Researcher ................ 174
Appendix 6.2 Sample of Observations Notes by the Researcher’s Colleague177
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Appendix 6.3 Format of Observation Note.................................................. 180
APPENDIX 7: INTERVIEW DATA .............................................................. 186
Appendix 7.1: Interview Questions of both the First and the Second Stages186
Appendix 7.2: Condensed Version of Data from Individual Interview ....... 188
APPENDIX 8: TOEIC ITEMS FOR PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST ............. 192
APPENDIX 9: STATICTICAL PROCEDURES ............................................ 232
APPENDIX 10: TIMETABLE OF DATA COLLECTION ........................... 234
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………..vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.……………………………………………………viii
PREFACE………………………………………………………………………..ix
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………..x
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………...xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Aims of the Study........................................................................................... 2
1.3 Research Question .......................................................................................... 2
1.4 The Teaching of English in the Research Site ............................................... 3
1.5 Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 4
1.6 Definitions of Key Terms ............................................................................... 4
1.7 Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................. 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................... 6
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 6
2.2 What is Scientific Approach? ......................................................................... 7
2.3 Basic Principles of Scientific Approach......................................................... 8
2.4 Benefits of Scientific Approach ................................................................... 12
2.5 Stages of Applying Scientific Approach ...................................................... 14
2.5.1 Observing .............................................................................................. 14
2.5.2 Questioning ........................................................................................... 18
2.5.3 Experimenting ....................................................................................... 21
2.5.4 Associating ............................................................................................ 22
2.5.5 Networking/ communicating ................................................................ 25
2.6 Language Teaching Approaches .................................................................. 27
2.7 English for Specific Purposes ...................................................................... 32
2.8 Related Research Reports............................................................................. 34
2.9 Criticisms towards Scientific Approach ....................................................... 35
2.10 Concluding Remark.................................................................................... 36
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................... 37
3.1 Research Question ........................................................................................ 37
3.2 Research Design ........................................................................................... 37
3.3 Research Site and Participants ..................................................................... 38
3.4 Goals of the Teaching Learning Process ...................................................... 39
3.5 The Research Site’s Syllabus ....................................................................... 40
3.6 Data Collection Techniques ......................................................................... 41
3.6.1 Observation ........................................................................................... 41
3.6.2 Interview ............................................................................................... 42
3.5.3 Document Analysis ............................................................................... 43
3.5.4 Pre-test and Post-test, Progress Test and Self-Assessment ................... 45
3.6 Data analysis Procedure ............................................................................... 46
3.6.1 Analysis of Data from Observation ...................................................... 46
3.6.2 Analysis of Data from Interview........................................................... 47
3.6.3 Analysis of Data from Pre-test and Post-test ........................................ 47
3.6.4 Analysis of Data from Curriculum, Syllabus and Need Analysis ........ 48
3.7 Data Triangulation........................................................................................ 48
3.8 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS ............................................................. 50
4.1 Data from Needs Analysis, Curriculum and Syllabus of the Research Site 50
4.2 The Teaching Program (An Overview) ........................................................ 56
4.3 Discussion of Observation Data ................................................................... 59
4.3.1 Data from Observing Stage ....................................................................... 59
4.3.2 Data from Questioning Stage ................................................................ 70
4.3.3 Data from Experimenting Stage............................................................ 75
4.3.4 Data from Associating Stage ................................................................ 83
4.3.5 Data from Networking or Communicating Stage ................................. 87
4.3.6 Data from Progress Test and Self-assessment ...................................... 97
4.4 Discussion of Data from Pre-test and Post-test .......................................... 101
4.5 Discussion of Interview Data ..................................................................... 106
4.5.1 Students’ Opinion on the Teaching Program ...................................... 107
4.5.2 Students’ Opinion on Advantages of Scientific Approach ................. 108
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.5.3 Students’ Opinion on Limitation or challenges of Scientific Approach111
4.5.4 Students’ Suggestion about Improvements to the Teaching Program 114
4.6 The Effects of Scientific Approach ............................................................ 115
4.6.1 Students’ ESP Learning ...................................................................... 115
4.6.2 Students’ Participation in Class Activities.......................................... 116
4.6.3 Student’s Achievement in TOEIC ...................................................... 118
4.7 Unexpected Finding ................................................................................... 119
4.8 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................. 119
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION............................................................................ 121
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 121
5.2 Conclusions ................................................................................................ 121
5.3 Limitation of the Study .............................................................................. 123
5.4 Recommendation for Further Studies ........................................................ 125
BIBILIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 127
APPENDICES ..................................................................................................... 145
APPENDIX 1: SYLLABUS OF ESP IN THE RESEARCH SITE ................. 146
APPENDIX 2: LESSON PLAN ...................................................................... 149
Appendix 2.1: Lesson Plan Meeting One .................................................... 149
Appendix 2.2: Lesson Plan Meeting Two.................................................... 151
Appendix 2.3: Lesson Plan Meeting Three.................................................. 153
Appendix 2.4: Lesson Plan Meeting Four ................................................... 155
Appendix 2.5: Lesson Plan Meeting Five .................................................... 157
Appendix 2.6: Lesson Plan Meeting Six...................................................... 159
Appendix 2.7: Lesson Plan Meeting Seven ................................................. 161
APPENDIX 3: ITEMS ON EXERCISES AND WRITTEN ASSESSMENT 165
Appendix 3.1: Exercises on Observing Activity.......................................... 165
APPENDIX 4: SCORING RUBRIC OF ROLE PLAY AND PRESENTATION171
Rubric of Communicating activities (presenting, dialoguing, role playing) ....... 171
APPENDIX 5: SELF-ASSESSMENT FORM ................................................ 172
APPENDIX 6: OBSERVATION DATA......................................................... 174
Appendix 6.1 Sample of Observations Notes by the Researcher ................ 174
Appendix 6.2 Sample of Observations Notes by the Researcher’s Colleague177
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Appendix 6.3 Format of Observation Note.................................................. 180
APPENDIX 7: INTERVIEW DATA .............................................................. 186
Appendix 7.1: Interview Questions of both the First and the Second Stages186
Appendix 7.2: Condensed Version of Data from Individual Interview ....... 188
APPENDIX 8: TOEIC ITEMS FOR PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST ............. 192
APPENDIX 9: STATICTICAL PROCEDURES ............................................ 232
APPENDIX 10: TIMETABLE OF DATA COLLECTION ........................... 234
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu