ALIENATION OF PUBLIC FIGURE REFLECTED IN ROBERT GALBRAITH’S THE CUCKOOS CALLING (2013) : Alienation Of Public Figure Reflected In Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013): A Marxist Approach.

ALIENATION OF PUBLIC FIGURE REFLECTED IN ROBERT GALBRAITH’S THE CUCKOOS CALLING (2013) :

A MARXIST APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

by:

DEVITA LIZHAR WAHYU ARINDA SARI A320120035

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMDIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016

1 ABSTRAK

DEVITA LIZHAR WAHYU ARINDA SARI. A320120035. ALIENATION OF PUBLIC FIGURE REFLECTEN IN ROBERT GALBRAITH’S THE CUCKOOS CALLING (2013): A MARXIST APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, July 29, 2016.

The major problem of this study is alienation. This research, it shows the alienation of the public figure. They are alienated by the other s because of their popularity. The objective of the study is to analyse this novel based on the Marxist Approach. The researcher employs qualitative method. The researcher uses two data sources: primary and secondary data. The primary data sources of the study is The Cuckoos Calling novel by Robert Galbraith. The secondary data are supporting data taken from literary books, criticism, and some articles related to the novel. The method of data collection is that the researcher will employ the descriptive qualitative research. Based on the analysis, researcher gets some conclusions. The study shows that the problem faced by the major character is alienated from the others because of their popularity.

Keywords: The Cuckoos Calling, alienation, alienation of public figure, marxist approach.

ABSTRAK

Masalah utama dalam studi ini adala keterasingan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pengasingan pada para tokoh publik. Mereka terasingkan karena ketenarannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah adalah untuk menganalisis novel didasarkan pada pendekatan marxist. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan dua sumber data: data primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer dari penelitian ini adalah The Cuckoos Calling novel karya Robert Galbraith. Data sekunder adalah data pendukung yang diambil dari buku-buku sastra, kritik, dan beberapa artikel yang berhubungan dengan novel. Metode pengumpulan data adalah peneliti akan menggunakan penelitian deskreptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan analysis peneliti mendapatkan beberapa kesimpulan. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah yang dihadapi oleh karater utama adalah pengasingan yang dikarenakan oleh ketenaran yang mereka miliki.

Keywords: The Cuckoos Calling, alienation, alienation of public figure, marxist approach.

1. INTRODUCTION

The Cuckcoos Calling novel is a novel was written by JK Rowling who writes using the pseudonym of Robert Galbraith publish in April 2013. The realities and imaginations of an author which are reflected in literary work are

2

created by the author by witnessing the fact and by undergoing the reality and social life. Every author can deliberately convey his or her view towards society through her work. It contained 464 pages.

The researcher has three reasons why she wants to analyze this novel, because; the first, the researcher wants to make research about the life style of the public figure. How they live their lives; same as those in general or whether different. The second reason, the genre of this novel is different genre written by J.K Rowling. And the third, we should know that being a public figure isn’t as easy as it seems. Maybe they can buy anything they want, but they can’t buy the freedom, freedom possessed by ordinary people. There is a prize to be paid by a public figure.

From the illustration above the researcher will propose to conduct a research entitled “Alienation of Public Figure Reflected in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013): A Marxist Approach”. Galbraith wants to describe about freedomless of the public figure who is alienated from their environment. It puts the freedomless in life.

2. RESEARCH METHOD

In analyzing The Cuckoos Calling novel by Robert Galbraith (2013) the researcher uses qualitative research. The researcher categorizesher research into qualitative research because the research does not need a statistic data to analyze and explore the facts. Type of data in this research is textual data. It consists of word, phrase and sentences. The data sources consist of two categories, they are primary data source and secondary data source. The primary data source is the novel itself. The secondary data source is about behaviorist and all relevant materials in the novel. The techniques of data collection the writer used are reading and understanding The The Cuckoos Calling novel as well as the secondary data source from the other books, identifying data that can be analyzed, classifying data into some categories, determining the theory of literature which is relevant for analyzing the data, and searching the other reference that can be used to

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analyze data. The object of the study is to analyze the desire reflected in Robert Galbraith (2013) on marxist approach. The writer focuses this research in analyzing Alienation of Public Figure reflected in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel based on Marxist Approach. The steps analyzing the data are as follows: first, the Marxist analysis toward the novel and the second is the discussion of the objectives of the study.

3. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1Finding

There are the principles of Marxist theory based on the second chapter. To expose this analysis clearly, the researcher analyzes The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel by using the Marxist principles.

3.1.1 Class of Struggle

According to Cartel Marxist basically Man’s social being determines his consciousness and the material interest of the dominant social class determines how all classes perceive their existence. All forms of culture therefore, do not exist in an ideal, abstract form but are inseparable from the historical determining social conditions (Carter. 2006: 55).

There is a conversation between John Bristow and Strike stating that John wants to be perceived existence by his mother:

Even in the thickening gloom, John see Bristow’s jutting teeth, and the intense stare of the weak eyes.

“No matter how much you’ve over your mother, and played the devoted son; you've never come"' first with her, have you? She always loved Charlie most, didn't she? Everyone did, even Uncle Tony. And the moment Charlie had gone, when you might have expected to be the center of attention at last, what happens? Lula arrives, and everyone starts worrying about Lula, looking after Lula, adoring Lula. Your mother hasn't even got a picture of you by her deathbed. Just Charlie and Lula. Just the two she loved"

4

"Fuck you," snarled Bristow "Fuck you, Strike. What do you know about anything, with your whore of a mother? What was it she died of, the clap?" (The Cuckoos Calling/ 554)

Strike explains that John Bristow’s parents give more confession to his brother than John. John has no idea to get his parent’s attention until he kills his brother and his step sister because he wants his existence to be considered by his parent’s especially by his mother.

"Was it easier the second time?" the detective asked quietly. "Was it easier killing Lula than killing Charlie?"

He saw the pale teeth, bared as Bristow opened his mouth, but no sound came out.

"Tony knows you did it, doesn't he? All that bullshit about the hard, cruel things he said after Charlie died. Tony was there; he saw you cycling away from the place where you'd pushed Charlie over. Did you dare him to ride close to the edge? I knew Charlie: he couldn't resist a dare. Tony saw Charlie dead at the bottom of that quarry, and he told your parents that he thought you'd done it, didn't he? That's why your father hit him. That's why your mother fainted. That's why Tony was thrown out of the house after Charlie died: not because Tony said that your mother had raised-delinquents, but because he told her she was raising a psychopath." (The Cuckoos Calling/555)

That complicated conversation shows that John’s confession is not considered by his mother. Strike explains evidence that John is the one who has killed Charlie. It happens because his parents do not regard his confession. John encourages Charlie to the brink because his mother more regards Charlie than John. Those incidents are witnessed by Tony, John’s uncle. Toni tells the incident to his parents. Then it triggers the debate in John’s family John also kills Charlie for the same reason.

3.1.2 Alienation

The theoretic basis of alienation, within the capitalist mode of production, is that the worker invariably loses the ability to determine life and destiny, when deprived of the right to think (conceive) of themselves as the director of their own actions; to determine the character of said actions; to define

5

relationships with other people; and to own those items of value from goods and services, produced by their own labor. (Wikipedia:2016)

Alienation is, in fact, the evaluative concept Marx employs most in his critique of “the system of private property,” or why he later simply refers to as capitalism. Human beings are alienated in his social system because of (1) the detrimental condition in which they must live and work (detrimental, that is, to their physical and mental health, their ability to realize their human potentialities, and in general their ability to flourish), and (2) the lack of control they are accorded concerning their life as a work situation. (Peffer, 1990: 52)

In this research, the researcher uses Alienation of Public Figure as the issue in The Cuckoos Calling (2013) because in this novel the public figures do not have freedom and have to alienate themselves from the others.

"Fuck, innit obvious? Don't you know all this, from your old man?" "I know jack shit about my father," said Strike coolly.

"Well, they were tapping her flicking phone, man, and that gives you a weird fucking feeling; haven't you got any imagination? She started getting paranoid about people selling stuff on her. Trying to work out what she'd said on the phone, and what she hadn't, and who mightgiven stuff to the papers and that. It fucked with her head." (The Cuckoos Calling/440)

Strike does his investigation with Lula’s boyfriend named Evan Duffield. Strike must know some pathetic fact that the public figures are alienated because the press is tapping their phone. Duffield explains how the people have known anything about the public figures. The tapping is done by the press and it makes the public figures feel weird and start getting paranoid.

"So, for the press to have found out so quickly, someone who was there must have told them?"

"Yeah, I suppose so."

"Because your phones weren't being tapped then, were the? You'd changed your numbers."

6

"I don't fucking know if they were being tapped. Ask the shits at the rags who do it." (The Cuckoos Calling/441)

Duffield gives some questions to Strike, how the press knows about something new he has done with Lula while there is no one they tell before. Press finds out so quickly because the press does the tapping to their phones. That tapping makes Duffield feel uncomfortable.

3.2Discussion

In the discussion of this research paper, the researcher has three points to discuss. First, the researcher wants to identify the Alienation of Public Figure in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel. As the people think about the public figure’s life, with the all of money they have that they can buy anything what they want. It does not matter that they can buy the freedom. The public figure cannot live so free like anyone in the world especially in London.

In The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel, it explains that Lula wants to be quested her entire estate to her brother because only her brother is entitled to have. Rochelle is Lula’s friend who she meets in the rehabilitation and she is the one who can help Lula to find her brother because Rochelle is an ordinary person, it means that she is not a public figure like Lula and the other friends of Lula. Here, it seems that the lives of the public figures are not as nice as the people think.

And the second discussion is about the causes of alienation toward the public figure’s life in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel. The public figure in The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel is alienated from others because they cannot live like people’s life as they want. Lula is deeply disturbed by the phone that is begun to be tapped and the paparazzis will record what the Lula’s words and remember what she does not say. Lula scars that they will sell her life. It makes everyone know where is Lula, what are Lula’s says to someone, and everything that Lula’s do. It occurs not only on Lula, but the all of Lula’s friends who work as the public figure too. The

7

Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel explain how the high cost of freedom for the public figure has wallow treasure.

The third is the effects of Alienation of public figure in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel. As the investigation of Strike does, there is a sad fact of the public figure’s life that just for meeting someone, it is not so easy like anybody does. They must use masks to cover their faces so they are not known by paparazzis. As the Evan Duffield explains, that he must wear wolf mask whenever he leaves the house or just meets Lula. He always does that because he does not want the paparazzi to capture an image of his face and they will sell that to media. It shows the life of the public figure is hard because they are always alienated by the others.

Strike also finds some fact of the public figure especially about Lula’s life. As the Evan explains about their phone that is always tapped by the people who want to sell of their life, it also happens to Lula. As The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel explains that Lula will give her treasure for her sibling brother that she never meets before and she must find him, she can do so easyly as she thinks that just to call her brother she should borrow her friend’s phone.

4. CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter deals with conclusion. The conclusion that is drawn is based on the theoretical discussion. The researcher divides the closing into two parts. The first part is the conclusion of the Marxist analysis of the novel. And the second is the part of suggestion related the study.

In The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel, researcher analyzes the novel by using the Marxist theory that explains about the alienation as the issue. After analyzing this movie using Marxist approach, the researcher has the conclusion. The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel shows the

8

alienation of the public figure. They are alienated by the others because of their popularity.

The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel is written by Robert Galbraith or JK Rowling. The novel is published 2013 in London. This novel makes the searcher interested in the story on investigation, because of the alienation of public figures that do not have their freedom.

The researcher concludes that the research is not perfect. Therefore, the researcher wishes that the research can be useful for the readers as the consideration of making another research that are particularly extending of literary studies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carter, David. 2006. Literary Theory. Harpenden: Pocket Essentials.

Peffer, R. G. 1990. Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice. New York: princeton University Press.

Wikipedia.2013. Marxist Theory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism . (accessed on July 22, 2016 at 03.42 a.m)

3

analyze data. The object of the study is to analyze the desire reflected in Robert Galbraith (2013) on marxist approach. The writer focuses this research in analyzing Alienation of Public Figure reflected in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel based on Marxist Approach. The steps analyzing the data are as follows: first, the Marxist analysis toward the novel and the second is the discussion of the objectives of the study.

3. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1Finding

There are the principles of Marxist theory based on the second chapter. To expose this analysis clearly, the researcher analyzes The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel by using the Marxist principles.

3.1.1 Class of Struggle

According to Cartel Marxist basically Man’s social being determines his consciousness and the material interest of the dominant social class determines how all classes perceive their existence. All forms of culture therefore, do not exist in an ideal, abstract form but are inseparable from the historical determining social conditions (Carter. 2006: 55).

There is a conversation between John Bristow and Strike stating that John wants to be perceived existence by his mother:

Even in the thickening gloom, John see Bristow’s jutting teeth, and the intense stare of the weak eyes.

“No matter how much you’ve over your mother, and played the devoted son; you've never come"' first with her, have you? She always loved Charlie most, didn't she? Everyone did, even Uncle Tony. And the moment Charlie had gone, when you might have expected to be the center of attention at last, what happens? Lula arrives, and everyone starts worrying about Lula, looking after Lula, adoring Lula. Your mother hasn't even got a picture of you by her deathbed. Just Charlie and Lula. Just the two she loved"

4

"Fuck you," snarled Bristow "Fuck you, Strike. What do you know about anything, with your whore of a mother? What was it she died of, the clap?" (The Cuckoos Calling/ 554)

Strike explains that John Bristow’s parents give more confession to his brother than John. John has no idea to get his parent’s attention until he kills his brother and his step sister because he wants his existence to be considered by his parent’s especially by his mother.

"Was it easier the second time?" the detective asked quietly. "Was it easier killing Lula than killing Charlie?"

He saw the pale teeth, bared as Bristow opened his mouth, but no sound came out.

"Tony knows you did it, doesn't he? All that bullshit about the hard, cruel things he said after Charlie died. Tony was there; he saw you cycling away from the place where you'd pushed Charlie over. Did you dare him to ride close to the edge? I knew Charlie: he couldn't resist a dare. Tony saw Charlie dead at the bottom of that quarry, and he told your parents that he thought you'd done it, didn't he? That's why your father hit him. That's why your mother fainted. That's why Tony was thrown out of the house after Charlie died: not because Tony said that your mother had raised-delinquents, but because he told her she was raising a psychopath." (The Cuckoos Calling/555)

That complicated conversation shows that John’s confession is not considered by his mother. Strike explains evidence that John is the one who has killed Charlie. It happens because his parents do not regard his confession. John encourages Charlie to the brink because his mother more regards Charlie than John. Those incidents are witnessed by Tony, John’s uncle. Toni tells the incident to his parents. Then it triggers the debate in John’s family John also kills Charlie for the same reason.

3.1.2 Alienation

The theoretic basis of alienation, within the capitalist mode of production, is that the worker invariably loses the ability to determine life and destiny, when deprived of the right to think (conceive) of themselves as the director of their own actions; to determine the character of said actions; to define

5

relationships with other people; and to own those items of value from goods and services, produced by their own labor. (Wikipedia:2016)

Alienation is, in fact, the evaluative concept Marx employs most in his critique of “the system of private property,” or why he later simply refers to as capitalism. Human beings are alienated in his social system because of (1) the detrimental condition in which they must live and work (detrimental, that is, to their physical and mental health, their ability to realize their human potentialities, and in general their ability to flourish), and (2) the lack of control they are accorded concerning their life as a work situation. (Peffer, 1990: 52)

In this research, the researcher uses Alienation of Public Figure as the issue in The Cuckoos Calling (2013) because in this novel the public figures do not have freedom and have to alienate themselves from the others.

"Fuck, innit obvious? Don't you know all this, from your old man?" "I know jack shit about my father," said Strike coolly.

"Well, they were tapping her flicking phone, man, and that gives you a weird fucking feeling; haven't you got any imagination? She started getting paranoid about people selling stuff on her. Trying to work out what she'd said on the phone, and what she hadn't, and who mightgiven stuff to the papers and that. It fucked with her head." (The Cuckoos Calling/440)

Strike does his investigation with Lula’s boyfriend named Evan Duffield. Strike must know some pathetic fact that the public figures are alienated because the press is tapping their phone. Duffield explains how the people have known anything about the public figures. The tapping is done by the press and it makes the public figures feel weird and start getting paranoid.

"So, for the press to have found out so quickly, someone who was there must have told them?"

"Yeah, I suppose so."

"Because your phones weren't being tapped then, were the? You'd changed your numbers."

6

"I don't fucking know if they were being tapped. Ask the shits at the rags who do it." (The Cuckoos Calling/441)

Duffield gives some questions to Strike, how the press knows about something new he has done with Lula while there is no one they tell before. Press finds out so quickly because the press does the tapping to their phones. That tapping makes Duffield feel uncomfortable.

3.2Discussion

In the discussion of this research paper, the researcher has three points to discuss. First, the researcher wants to identify the Alienation of Public Figure in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel. As the people think about the public figure’s life, with the all of money they have that they can buy anything what they want. It does not matter that they can buy the freedom. The public figure cannot live so free like anyone in the world especially in London.

In The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel, it explains that Lula wants to be quested her entire estate to her brother because only her brother is entitled to have. Rochelle is Lula’s friend who she meets in the rehabilitation and she is the one who can help Lula to find her brother because Rochelle is an ordinary person, it means that she is not a public figure like Lula and the other friends of Lula. Here, it seems that the lives of the public figures are not as nice as the people think.

And the second discussion is about the causes of alienation toward the public figure’s life in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel. The public figure in The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel is alienated from others because they cannot live like people’s life as they want. Lula is deeply disturbed by the phone that is begun to be tapped and the paparazzis will record what the Lula’s words and remember what she does not say. Lula scars that they will sell her life. It makes everyone know where is Lula, what are Lula’s says to someone, and everything that Lula’s do. It occurs not only on Lula, but the all of Lula’s friends who work as the public figure too. The

7

Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel explain how the high cost of freedom for the public figure has wallow treasure.

The third is the effects of Alienation of public figure in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel. As the investigation of Strike does, there is a sad fact of the public figure’s life that just for meeting someone, it is not so easy like anybody does. They must use masks to cover their faces so they are not known by paparazzis. As the Evan Duffield explains, that he must wear wolf mask whenever he leaves the house or just meets Lula. He always does that because he does not want the paparazzi to capture an image of his face and they will sell that to media. It shows the life of the public figure is hard because they are always alienated by the others.

Strike also finds some fact of the public figure especially about Lula’s life. As the Evan explains about their phone that is always tapped by the people who want to sell of their life, it also happens to Lula. As The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel explains that Lula will give her treasure for her sibling brother that she never meets before and she must find him, she can do so easyly as she thinks that just to call her brother she should borrow her friend’s phone.

4. CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter deals with conclusion. The conclusion that is drawn is based on the theoretical discussion. The researcher divides the closing into two parts. The first part is the conclusion of the Marxist analysis of the novel. And the second is the part of suggestion related the study.

In The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel, researcher analyzes the novel by using the Marxist theory that explains about the alienation as the issue. After analyzing this movie using Marxist approach, the researcher has the conclusion. The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel shows the

8

alienation of the public figure. They are alienated by the others because of their popularity.

The Cuckoos Calling (2013) novel is written by Robert Galbraith or JK Rowling. The novel is published 2013 in London. This novel makes the searcher interested in the story on investigation, because of the alienation of public figures that do not have their freedom.

The researcher concludes that the research is not perfect. Therefore, the researcher wishes that the research can be useful for the readers as the consideration of making another research that are particularly extending of literary studies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carter, David. 2006. Literary Theory. Harpenden: Pocket Essentials.

Peffer, R. G. 1990. Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice. New York: princeton University Press.

Wikipedia.2013. Marxist Theory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism . (accessed on July 22, 2016 at 03.42 a.m)