ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF BANGLE (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) RHIZOME Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenol Total Rimpang Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.)

  

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT

OF BANGLE ( Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) RHIZOME

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenol Total Rimpang Bangle

  

(Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.)

Lia Marliani, Winasih Rahmawati, Anju Sinurat

  

Bandung Collage of Pharmacy (STFB)

e-mail:tmleea@gmail.com

_ABSTRAK

Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) merupakan salah satu tanaman aromatik yang telah lama digunakan sebagai

_{tan komplementer dan alternatif tradisional, antara lain minyak esensial, terpenoid, kurkuminoid, dan senyawa}

obat tradisional. Rimpang bengle memiliki banyak senyawa aktif yang prospektif menjadi salah satu pengoba-

fenolik yang memiliki antioksidan, aktivitas anti-inflamasi dan anti-bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah

untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan total fenolik dari rimpang bengle. Penentuan aktivitas

antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode radikal bebas DPPH. Total kandungan fenolik ditentukan dengan meng-

gunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis menggunakan Folin Cio-calteu reagen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa

rimpang bangle memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sedang (IC50 142 mg / ml). Total kandungan fenolik dari Bangle

Roxb. rimpang adalah 2.71 g GAE / 100 g ekstrak atau 0,30 g GAE / 100 g simplisia. _{Kata kunci: Zingiber cassumunar}

, antioksidan, DPPH, kandungan fenol total.

_ABSTRACT

Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar

  Roxb.) is one of aromatic plants that has long been used as traditional medicine.

_{and alternative medicine. Those active compounds such as essential oils, terpenoids, curcuminoids, and pheno-}

Cassumunar rhizome has many active compound which are prospective to be one of traditional complementary

_{to determine antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Z. cassumunar}

lic compounds that has antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity. The aims of this study was

Roxb. rhizome. Determination of

antioxidant activity was done by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenolic content was determined

using Spectrophotometry UV-Vis used the Folin Cio-calteu reagent. The results showed that Z. cassumunar Roxb.

rhizome has moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 142 μg/ml). Total phenolic content of Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhi-

_{Keywords: Zingiber cassumunar} zome was 2.71 g GAE/100 g extract or 0.30 g GAE/ 100 g crude drugs.

  

Roxb., antioxidant, DPPH, total phenolic content

  INTRODUCTION Zingiber cassumunar

  Roxb. we determined antioxidant activity and total phe- nolic compound of its rhizome in this study.

  Total phenolic were determined by Fo- lin Ciocalteu reagent (Pourmorad et al., 2006). A dilute extract (5 ml) or gallic acid (standard phenolic compound) was mixed with Folin Cio- calteu reagent (5 ml, 1:10 diluted with distilled water) and aqueous Na2CO3 (4 ml, 1 M). The mixtures were allowed to stand for 15 min and the total phenolic content were determined by colorimetry at 765 nm. The standard curve was prepared using 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 μg/ml solutions of gallic acid in

  Determination of total phenolic content

  Where Ac is the absorbance of the con- trol (DPPH solution) and As is the absorbance in presence of the sample of the extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extract was ex- pressed as IC50. The IC50 value was defined as the concentration that inhibits the forma- tion of DPPH radicals by 50%. Each value was determined from regression equation.

  DPPH scavenged (%) = [(Ac – As)/Ac] x 100

  Aliquots (0.2 ml) of the tested sample were placed in test tubes and 3.8 ml of freshly pre- pared DPPH solution (60 ppm) in methanol was added in each test tube and mixed. 30 min later, the absorbance was measured at 515 nm (λ max of DPPH solution). The capability to scav- enge the DPPH radical was calculated using the following equation:

  The free radical scavenging activity of extract and ascorbic acid as positive control was determined using the stable radical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) (Seal, 2011).

  Methods Determination of free radical scavenging activ- ity

  were collected from Manoko, Lembang, Indo- nesia. The specimens were identified at the Bandungense herbarium, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology. Rhizomes was dried in oven with temperature at 40˚C. Dried rhizomes was ex- tracted by macerate method used ethanol sol- vent for 3x24 hours. Extract was concentrated by rotary evaporated. rendemen extract was 13,98%.

  MATERIALS AND METHOD Materials Rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.

  Phenolic compounds are some of ac- tive phytochemical. Phenolic compounds can reduce free radical species and can be used as natural antioxidant agent. Considering of phe- nolic compounds in Z. cassumunar

  Roxb. (synonyms:

  ., 2008) which contains 4-terpeniol and sabinene as its main compo- nents.

  ., 1997). Rhizome of Z. cassumunar Roxb. yield about 0.95% essen- tial oil (Bhuiyan et al

  ., 2009), fungicide/ antifun- gal (Tripathi et al ., 2008; Jantan et al., 2003), cassumunin A-C (Masuda et al., 1993; Masuda and Jitoe, 1994; Nagano et al., 1997) and cas- sumunarin A-C (Nakatani and Kikuzaki, 2001), complex curcuminoids which has antioxidant activity, and also essential oils which has anti- microbial (Pithayanukul et al., 2007), and an- thelmintic (Sukandar et al

  Roxb. contain some active compo- nents such as phenylbutenoids which has anti- cancer and anti-inflammatory potency (Chung et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2007; Han et al., 2005) and immunostimulant (Chairul et al., 2009), phenylbutanoids (such as phlain I-IV) which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activ- ity (Nakamura et al

  cassumunar

  (Koenig) Dietrich, Zingiber purpureum Roscoe) is a member of family Zingiberaceae. It is grows in tropical and subtropical Asia coutries, including Indonesia. Bangle is one of common name in Indonesia. It is used as spic- es and medicinal plants for the treatment of conditions such as inflammation, fever, head- ache, cough, rheumatism, carminative, and anthelmintic agent. The rhizome of Zingiber

  num

  Koenig, Zingiber monta-

  Amomum montanum

  ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF BANGLE (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) RHIZOME Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenol Total Rimpang Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Lia Marliani, Winasih Rahmawati, Anju Sinurat

  Absorbance of this reaction product, complex compound Molybdenum blue was increased methanol : water (50:50, v/v). Total phenol values are expressed in terms of gallic acid due concentration increasing. equivalent (mg/g of dry mass), which is a com- The Calibration curve of standard solution is mon reference compound. shown in figure 1.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  DPPH used a substrate to determine antioxidant activity based on the reduction of DPPH solution (purple coloured) on methanol in the presence of hydrogen donating antioxi- dants and form non radical DPPH-H (yellow coloured). The scavenging activity of Z. cas-

  sumunar

  Roxb. rhizome extract increased due increasing concentration of the extract. DPPH scavenged (%) of extract and ascorbic acid are shown in Table 1 and Table 2

  

Table 1. DPPH scavenged (%) of extract

Concentration (μg/ml) DPPH scavenged (%)

  IC50 (μg/ml)

  80

  30.9 100 39.6 120 43.6 142.7 140 50.0 160 55.6 180 590

  Table 2. DPPH scavenged (%) of Ascorbic acid Concentration (μg/ml) DPPH scavenged (%)

  IC50 (μg/ml)

  2

  24.09

  3

  42.82

  4

  54.01

  3.71

  5

  70.07

  6

  84.18

  7

85.88 That result showed that Z. cassumunar

  Roxb. rhizome has moderate antioxidant activ- ity (IC50 142 μg/ml) but not as good as ascor- bic acid as positive control (IC50 3.71 μg/ml). Total phenolic content were measured with using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The principle of this method is reduction ability of phenol func- tional group at alkali solution. The reduction of fosfotungstat-fosfomolibdenum complex (Folin-Ciocalteu reagent) by phenol ion will change its color to be dark blue.

  

Figure 1. Calibration curve of Gallic acid (GA) as standard solution.

_{Table 3. Total phenolic content of extract}

_{_ Total phenolic content} No A C C (µg/ml) (µg/ml) g GAE/100 g g GAE/100 g _{extract crude drug (dry)}

  0.648 332.903 1 0.650 334.193 333.33 2.22 0.648 332.903

  0.631 321.935 2 0.633 323.225 320.21

  2.13

  0.30 0.621 315.483 0.630 321.290 3 0.637 325.806 322.46

  2.15 0.630 321.290 _{_ X±SD} 325.33±7.0161 2.17±0.0472 n = 3

  This result showed that total phenolic content of Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhizome was

  2.17±0.0472 g GAE/100 g extract or 0.30 g GAE/ 100 g crude drugs. Moderate antioxidant activity of Z. cassumunar

  Roxb. rhizome can be related with its total phenolic content. Phe- nolic compounds are one of active antioxidant compound. Their hydroxyl group can reduced free radical species.

  CONCLUSION Zingiber cassumunar

  Roxb. rhizome has moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 142 μg/ ml). Total phenolic content of Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhizome was 2.17±0.0472 g GAE/100 g extract or 0.30 g GAE/ 100 g crude drugs.

  ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF BANGLE (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) RHIZOME Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenol Total Rimpang Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.)