LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM Gedung Konser Di Kota Surabaya Tema Desain “Arsitektur Kontemporer” Fokus Kajian “Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser” - Unika Repository

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

  Periode LXVIII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2015/ 2016

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

  

Gedung Konser Di Kota Surabaya

Tema Desain

  

“Arsitektur Kontemporer”

Fokus Kajian

  

“Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser”

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

  

Disusun oleh

Irma Yunita Ratnasari – 11.11.0082

  

Dosen pembimbing

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.

^!

• –

  NIDN .061.6064.301 NPP 058.1.1992.123

  

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

  November 2015

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

  Periode LXVIII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2015/ 2016

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

  

Gedung Konser Di Kota Surabaya

Tema Desain

  

“Arsitektur Kontemporer”

Fokus Kajian

  “Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser”

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

  

Disusun oleh

Irma Yunita Ratnasari – 11.11.0082

  

Dosen pembimbing

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT. ^!

• – NIDN .061.6064.301 NPP 058.1.1992.123

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

  

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

  November 2015

  `"

  

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVIII Semester Gasal 2015/2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Gedung Konser di Kota Surabaya Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontemporer Permasalahan Dominan : Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser Penyusun : Irma Yunita Ratnasari NIM : 11.11.0082 Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.

  Penguji : 1. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT.

  2. Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT.

  

3. Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA.

  Semarang, November 2015 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Dekan, Ketua, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA Dr. Ir. Krisprantono

  `"

  

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVIII Semester Gasal 2015/2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Gedung Konser di Kota Surabaya Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontemporer Permasalahan Dominan : Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser Penyusun : Irma Yunita Ratnasari NIM : 11.11.0082 Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.

  Penguji : 1. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT.

  

2. Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT.

  

3. Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA.

  Semarang, November 2015 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Pembimbing, Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.

  NPP 058.1.1992.123 – NIDN 061.6064.301 Penguji, Penguji, Penguji,

Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT. Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA.

  `"

  

`SURAT PERNYATAAN

Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini saya : Nama : Irma Yunita Ratnasari NIM : 11.11.0082

Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode Semester

Gasal, 2015/2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain,

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang dengan: Judul : Gedung Konser di Kota Surabaya Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontemporer Permasalahan Dominan : Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser Penyusun : Irma Yunita Ratnasari NIM : 11.11.0082 Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT. NIDN : 061.6064.301

Adalah bukan karya plagiasi, bila dikemudian hari ditemukan tindak plagiasi

dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan diatas siap

menerima segala konsekuensinya.

  Semarang, November 2015 Penulis, Irma Yunita Ratnasari NIM 11.11.0082

KATA PENGANTAR

  Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat-Nya sehingga Laporan Teori & Program Projek Akhir Arsitektur Perode LXVIII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2015/2016 dengan judul “Gedung Konser di Kota Surabaya” ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Penulisan Landasan Teori ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Strata 1 (S1), Progdi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

  LTP ini dapat terselesaikan dangan baik bukan semata – mata hasil kerja penulis sendiri, melainkan berkat dukungan dari beberapa pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :

  1. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA. selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Unika Soegijapranata Semarang.

  2. Dr. Ir. Krispantono selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Unika Soegijapranata.

  3. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. selaku dosen koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVIII.

  4. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B., MT. selaku dosen pembimbing Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode LXVIII yang telah memberikan bimbingan, motivasi, arahan, serta masukan sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan tahap LTP dengan baik.

  5. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT., Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT., Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA., selaku tim dosen penguji yang telah memberikan saran penting bagi kesempurnaan Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

  6. Orang tua, keluarga dan kerabat dekat penyusun yang selalu mendukung baik dalam bentuk doa dan semangat untuk selalu menyempurnakan materi.

  7. Rekan-rekan seperjuangan satu studio PAA 68 yang telah memberikan dukungan dan semangat baik disaat susah maupun senang.

  8. Serta berbagai pihak yang telah membantu penyusunan makalah ini, yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu.

  Akhir kata dengan segala kerendahan hati, mengingat keterbatasan kemampuan penulis dalam menyusun laporan ini, maka saran dan kritik yang membangun dari semua pihak akan sangat membantu penyempurnaan pada masa mendatang.

  Semarang, November 2015 Penulis

  DAFTAR ISI

  1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ................................................................................. 7

  2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ....................................................................................................... 9

  2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................................................. 9

  BAB II TINJAUAN PROJEK ....................................................................................................... 9

  1.5.5 BAB V Kajian Teori ..................................................................................................... 8 !

  1.5.4 BAB IV Program Arsitektur ......................................................................................... 8

  1.5.3 BAB III Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ....................................................................... 8

  1.5.2 BAB II Tinjauan Projek ............................................................................................... 8

  1.5.1 BAB I Pendahuluan .................................................................................................... 7

  1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan .................................................................................................. 7

  1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ................................................................................................ 6

  HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN DEKAN DAN KETUA ........................................................................ ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING DAN PENGUJI ......................................................... iii PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS .................................................................................................. iv KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................................. vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................... xv !

  1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ............................................................................... 5

  1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................ 4

  1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ......................................................................................................... 4

  1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ........................................................................................................ 3

  1.2.2 Sasaran Pembangunan Gedung Konser .................................................................... 2

  1.2.1 Tujuan Pembangunan Gedung Konser ...................................................................... 2

  1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Projek ............................................................................................... 2

  1.1 Latar Belakang Projek ....................................................................................................... 1

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................... 1

  2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan - Trend ................................................................ 10

  2.1.3 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ..................................................................................... 11

  2.2 Tinjauan Khusus .............................................................................................................. 12

  2.2.1 Terminologi ............................................................................................................... 12

  2.2.2 Kegiatan ................................................................................................................... 15

  2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ......................................................................... 18

  2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Dasar/ Kota ................................................................................. 19

  2.2.5 Studi Banding/ Komparasi kasus Projek Sejenis ...................................................... 25

  2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain .............................................................................................. 35

  2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ............................................................................ 36

  2.3.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................... 36

  2.3.2 Batasan .................................................................................................................... 36

  2.3.3 Anggapan ................................................................................................................. 37 !

  BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................................ 38

  3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ....................................................................................... 38

  3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ........................................................................................................... 38

  3.1.2 Pola Aktivitas ............................................................................................................ 46

  3.1.3 Studi Fasilitas ........................................................................................................... 51

  3.1.4 Studi Ruang Khusus ................................................................................................. 65

  3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural (Citra Guna) ......................................................................... 74

  3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .......................................................................... 75

  3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur & Enclosure Bangunan .......................................................... 75

  3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................................................. 89

  3.2.3 Sistem Khusus .......................................................................................................... 94

  3.3 Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan .................................................................... 99

  3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .......................................................................................... 99

  3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ........................................................................................ 102 !

  BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ......................................................................................... 114

  4.1 Konsep Program ............................................................................................................ 114

  4.1.1 Aspek Arsitektural ................................................................................................... 114

  4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi .......................................................................................................... 114

  4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ..................................................................................................... 115

  4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................................................................................................... 115

  4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan .............................................................................................. 115

  4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................................................. 115

  4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ........................................................................... 116

  4.3 Program Arsitektur ........................................................................................................ 117

  4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ................................................................................................... 117

  4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................................................ 120

  4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas .......................................................................................... 121

  4.3.4 Program Sistem Khusus ......................................................................................... 122

  4.3.5 Program Lokasi Tapak ........................................................................................... 123 !

  BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................................................ 125

  5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan/Tema Desain ......................................................................... 125

  5.1.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori ............................................................................. 125

  5.1.2 Studi Preseden ....................................................................................................... 128

  5.1.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan ke Projek ....................................................................... 131

  5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................................................... 132

  5.2.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori ............................................................................. 132

  5.2.2 Studi Preseden ....................................................................................................... 135

  5.2.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan ke Projek ....................................................................... 138 ! DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................ 140 !

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

GAMBAR 2.1 Peta Kota Surabaya .......................................................................................... 24GAMBAR 2.2 Indonesia Convention Exhibition ..................................................................... 25GAMBAR 2.3 Concert Hall, Indonesia Convention Exhibition .............................................. 26GAMBAR 2.4 Concert Hall, Indonesia Convention Exhibition .............................................. 26GAMBAR 2.5 Exterior Indonesia Convention Exhibtion ....................................................... 26GAMBAR 2.6 Exterior Gereja Reformed Injili ......................................................................... 27GAMBAR 2.7 Exterior Aula Simfonia Jakarta ........................................................................ 27GAMBAR 2.8 Interior Aula Simfonia Jakarta ......................................................................... 28GAMBAR 2.9 Sistem Akustik Aula Simfonia Jakarta ............................................................ 28GAMBAR 2.10 Exterior Walt Disney Concert Hall .................................................................. 29GAMBAR 2.11 Interior Concert Hall ....................................................................................... 30GAMBAR 2.12 Ruang Technical Meeting ............................................................................... 31GAMBAR 2.13 Lobby ................................................................................................................ 31GAMBAR 2.14 Skylight ............................................................................................................. 31GAMBAR 2.15 Exterior Harpa Concert Hall ............................................................................ 32GAMBAR 2.16 Main Concert Hall ............................................................................................ 33GAMBAR 2.17 Fasad Harpa Concert Hall ............................................................................... 33GAMBAR 2.18 Tangga dari Entrance ..................................................................................... 34GAMBAR 2.19 Foyer ................................................................................................................ 34GAMBAR 2.20 Foyer dan Entrance Harpa Concert Hall ........................................................ 34

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GAMBAR 3.1 Garis Pandang Tribun ....................................................................................... 66GAMBAR 3.2 Potongan Ilustrasi Sistem Akustik ................................................................... 66GAMBAR 3.3 Panggung Prosenium ........................................................................................ 67GAMBAR 3.4 Panggung Arena ................................................................................................ 68GAMBAR 3.5 Macam Bentuk Panggung ................................................................................. 69GAMBAR 3.6 Ilustrasi Main Hall .............................................................................................. 69GAMBAR 3.7 Ilustrasi Orchestra Pit ....................................................................................... 70GAMBAR 3.8 Dimensi Tempat Duduk ..................................................................................... 71GAMBAR 3.9 Dimensi Barisan Tempat Duduk ...................................................................... 71GAMBAR 3.10 Potongan Ilustrasi Dimensi Tribun ............................................................... 72GAMBAR 3.11 Pondasi Sumuran ........................................................................................... 75GAMBAR 3.12 Pondasi Raft ..................................................................................................... 76GAMBAR 3.13 Pondasi Tiang Pancang .................................................................................. 76GAMBAR 3.14 Pelat Beton Satu Arah ..................................................................................... 77GAMBAR 3.15 Pelat Beton Dua Arah ...................................................................................... 77GAMBAR 3.16 Flat Slab ............................................................................................................ 78GAMBAR 3.17 Lantai Keramik ................................................................................................. 78GAMBAR 3.18 Lantai Marmer ................................................................................................. 79GAMBAR 3.19 Parquet ............................................................................................................ 79GAMBAR 3.20 Lantai Granit ..................................................................................................... 80GAMBAR 3.21 Karpet ............................................................................................................... 80GAMBAR 3.22 Lantai Vinyl ....................................................................................................... 81GAMBAR 3.23 Dinding Masif ................................................................................................... 81GAMBAR 3.24 Dinding Sejajar ................................................................................................. 82GAMBAR 3.25 Dinding Rangka ............................................................................................... 82GAMBAR 3.26 Bata Merah ....................................................................................................... 82GAMBAR 3.27 Beton ................................................................................................................ 83GAMBAR 3.28 Bata Ringan ...................................................................................................... 83GAMBAR 3.29 Dinding Gypsum ............................................................................................. 83GAMBAR 3.30 Aluminium Composite Panel (ACP) ............................................................... 84GAMBAR 3.31 Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) ..................................................... 84GAMBAR 3.32 Dinding Sterofoam ........................................................................................... 85GAMBAR 3.33 Dinding Kaca .................................................................................................... 85GAMBAR 3.34 Plafond Gantung .............................................................................................. 86GAMBAR 3.35 Plafond Rangka ................................................................................................ 86GAMBAR 3.36 Folded Plate .................................................................................................... 87GAMBAR 3.37 Struktur Cangkang .......................................................................................... 87GAMBAR 3.38 Struktur Kabel .................................................................................................. 88GAMBAR 3.39 Struktur Membran ............................................................................................ 88GAMBAR 3.40 Struktur Space Frame .................................................................................... 89GAMBAR 3.41 Solar Panel Diagram ........................................................................................ 90GAMBAR 3.42 Skema Wi-Fi System ........................................................................................ 91GAMBAR 3.43 Diagram Fiber Optic ........................................................................................ 91GAMBAR 3.44 AC Central ........................................................................................................ 92GAMBAR 3.45 CCTV ................................................................................................................ 92GAMBAR 3.46 Body Detector .................................................................................................. 92GAMBAR 3.47 Detector ............................................................................................................ 92GAMBAR 3.48 Sprinkle ............................................................................................................. 93GAMBAR 3.49 Hydrant ............................................................................................................. 93GAMBAR 3.50 APAR ................................................................................................................. 93GAMBAR 3.51 Eskalator ........................................................................................................... 93GAMBAR 3.52 Travelator ........................................................................................................ 93GAMBAR 3.53 Seating System ................................................................................................ 94GAMBAR 3.54 Spiralift Floor System ...................................................................................... 94GAMBAR 3.55 Tribun System .................................................................................................. 94GAMBAR 3.56 Direct Lighting ................................................................................................ 95GAMBAR 3.57 Indirect Lighting ............................................................................................... 95GAMBAR 3.58 Downlight ......................................................................................................... 95GAMBAR 3.59 Uplight .............................................................................................................. 96GAMBAR 3.60 Sidelight ............................................................................................................ 96GAMBAR 3.61 Frontlight .......................................................................................................... 96GAMBAR 3.62 Backlight ........................................................................................................... 96GAMBAR 3.63 Wall Washer .................................................................................................... 97GAMBAR 3.64 Skema LED Screen ......................................................................................... 97GAMBAR 3.65 Peta Kota Surabaya berdasarkan Unit Pengembangan .............................. 99GAMBAR 3.66 Peta Unit Pengembangan VIII ....................................................................... 101GAMBAR 3.67 Peta Unit Pengembangan VIII ....................................................................... 103GAMBAR 3.68 Lokasi Tapak 1 ............................................................................................... 103GAMBAR 3.69 Lokasi Tapak 2 ............................................................................................... 103GAMBAR 3.70 Panorama View From Site Tapak 1 .............................................................. 106GAMBAR 3.71 View From Site Tapak 1 ................................................................................. 106GAMBAR 3.72 View From Site Tapak 1 ................................................................................ 106GAMBAR 3.73 Panorama View To Site Tapak 1 .................................................................. 106GAMBAR 3.74 View To Site Tapak 1 ..................................................................................... 106GAMBAR 3.75 View To Site Tapak 1 ..................................................................................... 106GAMBAR 3.76 Drainase Tapak 1 ........................................................................................... 107GAMBAR 3.77 Sistem Tanam Kabel ...................................................................................... 107GAMBAR 3.78 Jaringan Listrik Tapak 1 ................................................................................ 107GAMBAR 3.79 Jalan Raya Tapak 1 ........................................................................................ 108GAMBAR 3.80 Jalan Raya Dengan Boulevard ..................................................................... 108GAMBAR 3.81 Panorama View From Site Tapak 2 .............................................................. 110GAMBAR 3.82 View From Site Tapak 2 ................................................................................. 110GAMBAR 3.83 View From Site Tapak 2 ................................................................................. 110GAMBAR 3.84 Panorama View To Site Tapak 2 ................................................................... 111GAMBAR 3.85 View To Site Tapak 2 ..................................................................................... 111GAMBAR 3.86 View To Site Tapak 2 ..................................................................................... 111GAMBAR 3.87 Drainase Tapak 2 ........................................................................................... 111GAMBAR 3.88 Sistem Underground ..................................................................................... 112GAMBAR 3.89 Bundaran Persimpangan .............................................................................. 112

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GAMBAR 5.1 Aplikasi Material GFRC ................................................................................... 127GAMBAR 5.2 Aplikasi Material Kaca ..................................................................................... 127GAMBAR 5.3 Penerapan Material ACP sebagai Eksterior .................................................. 128GAMBAR 5.4 Penarapan Material Interior ............................................................................ 128GAMBAR 5.5 Penerapan Material Interior sebagai Lobby .................................................. 129GAMBAR 5.6 Teknik Pencahayaan Eksterior ....................................................................... 129GAMBAR 5.7 Teknik Pewarnaan Pada Eksterior ................................................................. 130GAMBAR 5.8 Teknik Pewarnaan Pada Hall Konser ............................................................. 130GAMBAR 5.9 Penerapan Macam-Macam Warna Pada Bangunan ...................................... 130GAMBAR 5.10 Sifat Bunyi ...................................................................................................... 134GAMBAR 5.11 Material Dinding untuk Menyerap Suara ..................................................... 134GAMBAR 5.12 Material Penutup Lantau untuk Menyerap Suara ....................................... 134GAMBAR 5.13 Material Diffuser Bunyi .................................................................................. 135GAMBAR 5.14 Penerapan Sistem Akustik Pada Ruangan .................................................. 135GAMBAR 5.15 Material Parquet sebagai Pemantul Bunyi .................................................. 135GAMBAR 5.16 Kilden Concert Hall ........................................................................................ 136GAMBAR 5.17 Penarapan Material Akustik .......................................................................... 136GAMBAR 5.18 Dinding Sound System ................................................................................. 137GAMBAR 5.19 Dinding Akustik ............................................................................................. 137

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  DAFTAR TABEL

TABEL 2.1 Tabel Aktivitas ........................................................................................................ 15TABEL 2.2 Tabel Fasilitas ........................................................................................................ 17

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TABEL 3.1 Tabel Aktivitas Publik ............................................................................................ 39TABEL 3.2 Tabel Aktivitas Penampil ....................................................................................... 40TABEL 3.3 Tabel Aktivitas Pengelola ...................................................................................... 41TABEL 3.4 Tabel Aktivitas Servis ............................................................................................ 42TABEL 3.5 Tabel Pengelompokan Ruang ............................................................................... 43TABEL 3.6 Tabel Jumlah Pelaku ............................................................................................. 44TABEL 3.7 Tabel Waktu Operasional ..................................................................................... 50TABEL 3.8 Tabel Pengelompokan Fasilitas Utama ............................................................... 51TABEL 3.9 Tabel Pengelompokan Fasilitas Penunjang ........................................................ 52TABEL 3.10 Tabel Pengelompokan Fasilitas Servis .............................................................. 53TABEL 3.11 Tabel Kebutuhan Peralatan ................................................................................ 57TABEL 3.12 Tabel Besaran Ruang .......................................................................................... 60TABEL 3.13 Tabel Perhitungan Lahan Parkir ......................................................................... 63TABEL 3.14 Tabel Luas Keseluruhan ..................................................................................... 64TABEL 3.15 Tabel Besaran Ruang Khusus ............................................................................ 73TABEL 3.16 Tabel Sistem Struktur Pondasi ........................................................................... 75TABEL 3.17 Tabel Sistem Struktur dan Penutup Lantai ....................................................... 77TABEL 3.18 Tabel Sistem Struktur dan Material Dinding ..................................................... 81TABEL 3.19 Tabel Sistem Struktur Plafond ............................................................................ 86TABEL 3.20 Tabel Sistem Struktur Atap ................................................................................. 87TABEL 3.21 Tabel Sistem Utilitas ............................................................................................ 89TABEL 3.22 Tabel Sistem Khusus ........................................................................................... 94TABEL 3.23 Tabel Kriteria Pemilihan Tapak ......................................................................... 113

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TABEL 4.1 Tabel Total Besaran Ruang ................................................................................. 119TABEL 4.2 Tabel Sistem Struktur .......................................................................................... 120TABEL 4.3 Tabel Sistem Enclosure ...................................................................................... 120

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TABEL 5.1 Batas Kebisingan Pada Kota .............................................................................. 132TABEL 5.2 Batas Pendengaran pada Manusia ..................................................................... 133TABEL 5.3 Penyerapan Kebisingan ...................................................................................... 133

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  DAFTAR DIAGRAM DIAGRAM 3.1 Diagram Pengelompokan Aktivitas ................................................................. 38 DIAGRAM 3.2 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung ............................................................... 46 DIAGRAM 3.3 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Wartawan ................................................................... 46 DIAGRAM 3.4 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Manajemen Artis ....................................................... 47 DIAGRAM 3.5 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Crew Artis .................................................................. 47 DIAGRAM 3.6 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Penampil .................................................................... 48 DIAGRAM 3.7 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................... 49 DIAGRAM 3.8 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Servis ......................................................................... 49 DIAGRAM 3.9 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Makro .......................................................... 54 DIAGRAM 3.10 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Pengunjung ................................... 55 DIAGRAM 3.11 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Penampil ........................................ 55 DIAGRAM 3.12 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Pengelola ....................................... 56 DIAGRAM 3.13 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Servis ............................................. 56 DIAGRAM 3.14 Diagram Jaringan Air Bersih ......................................................................... 89 DIAGRAM 3.15 Diagram Jaringan Air Limbah ........................................................................ 90