Transesterifikasi CPO Yang Mengandung Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB) Tinggi Menggunakan Katalis Polistirena Bis Fenol A Polikarbonat Sulfonat (PS - PAPS)
ABSTRAK
Reaksi transesterifikasi antara CPO ber ALB 7,76% dengan metanol menggunakan Polistirena
bis Fenol A Polikarbonat Sulfonat (PS-PAPS) sebagai katalis. Reaksi transesterifikasi ini
dilangsungkan dalam reaktor batch berukuran 0,5 liter yang dilengkapi dengan pengaduk,
pengukur suhu, kondensor. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah: waktu (2 jam, 4
jam, 6 jam), suhu (110ºC, 120°C, 130ºC), dan jumlah katalis (2%, 4%, 6%). Dari aspek kinetika
reaksi terlihat bahwa adanya hubungan langsung (berbanding lurus) antara lama reaksi, suhu, dan
jumlah katalis terhadap kadar FAME. Semakin meningkat/bertambahnya waktu, suhu, dan
jumlah katalis maka kadar FAME meningkat/bertambah juga. Hubungan sebaliknya terjadi
terhadap komposisi gliserida (monogliserida = MG, digliserida = DG, Trigliserida = TG).
Meningkatnya kadar FAME maka persentase gliserida semakin menurun, misalnya, pada
kondisi: waktu/lama reaksi 6 jam, suhu 130ºC, jumlah katalis yang digunakan 6% maka
perolehan masing-masing adalah: FAME = 48,01%, gliserida (MG + DG + TG) = 51,75%.
Hasil reaksi transesterifikasi ini diperoleh FAME (fatty acids methyl ester) sejumlah 48,01%
pada kondisi: lama reaksi 6 jam, suhu 130°C, dan jumlah katalis 6%.
Kata kunci: FAME (fatty acid methyl ester), gliserida, katalis polistirena sulfonat, reaksi
transesterifikasi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Transesterification reaction between CPO with ALB 7,76% and methanol used Polystyrena bis
Phenol A Polycarbonate Sulfonate (PS-PAPS) as the catalyst. This transesterification reaction
was performed in a batch reactor of 0.5 liter equipped with mixer, temperature gauge, and
condenser. The variables used in this study were: time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours), temperature
(110ºC, 120ºC, 130ºC), and the amount of catalyst (2%, 4%, 6%). From the aspect of reaction
kinetics it was seen that there was a direct relationship (proportional) between reaction time,
temperature, and amount of catalyst and the yield of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester). The
increasing the reaction time, temperature, and amount of catalyst, the more increasing the yield
of FAME will be. The opposite relationship occurred to the composition of glycerides
(monoglyceride = MG, diglyceride = DG, triglyceride = TG). The more increasing the yield of
FAME is, the more decreasing the percentage of glyceride, for example, in the condition of
reaction time = 6 hours, temperature = 130ºC, the amount of the catalyst used = 6%, the
respective gain was FAME = 48.01%, and glyceride (MG + DG + TG) = 51.75%. This
transesterification reaction resulted in FAME = 48.01% in the condition of reaction time = 6
hours, temperature = 130ºC, the amount of the catalyst used = 6%.
Keywords: FAME, Glyceride, Polystyrene Sulfonate Catalysts, Transesterification Reaction
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Reaksi transesterifikasi antara CPO ber ALB 7,76% dengan metanol menggunakan Polistirena
bis Fenol A Polikarbonat Sulfonat (PS-PAPS) sebagai katalis. Reaksi transesterifikasi ini
dilangsungkan dalam reaktor batch berukuran 0,5 liter yang dilengkapi dengan pengaduk,
pengukur suhu, kondensor. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah: waktu (2 jam, 4
jam, 6 jam), suhu (110ºC, 120°C, 130ºC), dan jumlah katalis (2%, 4%, 6%). Dari aspek kinetika
reaksi terlihat bahwa adanya hubungan langsung (berbanding lurus) antara lama reaksi, suhu, dan
jumlah katalis terhadap kadar FAME. Semakin meningkat/bertambahnya waktu, suhu, dan
jumlah katalis maka kadar FAME meningkat/bertambah juga. Hubungan sebaliknya terjadi
terhadap komposisi gliserida (monogliserida = MG, digliserida = DG, Trigliserida = TG).
Meningkatnya kadar FAME maka persentase gliserida semakin menurun, misalnya, pada
kondisi: waktu/lama reaksi 6 jam, suhu 130ºC, jumlah katalis yang digunakan 6% maka
perolehan masing-masing adalah: FAME = 48,01%, gliserida (MG + DG + TG) = 51,75%.
Hasil reaksi transesterifikasi ini diperoleh FAME (fatty acids methyl ester) sejumlah 48,01%
pada kondisi: lama reaksi 6 jam, suhu 130°C, dan jumlah katalis 6%.
Kata kunci: FAME (fatty acid methyl ester), gliserida, katalis polistirena sulfonat, reaksi
transesterifikasi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Transesterification reaction between CPO with ALB 7,76% and methanol used Polystyrena bis
Phenol A Polycarbonate Sulfonate (PS-PAPS) as the catalyst. This transesterification reaction
was performed in a batch reactor of 0.5 liter equipped with mixer, temperature gauge, and
condenser. The variables used in this study were: time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours), temperature
(110ºC, 120ºC, 130ºC), and the amount of catalyst (2%, 4%, 6%). From the aspect of reaction
kinetics it was seen that there was a direct relationship (proportional) between reaction time,
temperature, and amount of catalyst and the yield of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester). The
increasing the reaction time, temperature, and amount of catalyst, the more increasing the yield
of FAME will be. The opposite relationship occurred to the composition of glycerides
(monoglyceride = MG, diglyceride = DG, triglyceride = TG). The more increasing the yield of
FAME is, the more decreasing the percentage of glyceride, for example, in the condition of
reaction time = 6 hours, temperature = 130ºC, the amount of the catalyst used = 6%, the
respective gain was FAME = 48.01%, and glyceride (MG + DG + TG) = 51.75%. This
transesterification reaction resulted in FAME = 48.01% in the condition of reaction time = 6
hours, temperature = 130ºC, the amount of the catalyst used = 6%.
Keywords: FAME, Glyceride, Polystyrene Sulfonate Catalysts, Transesterification Reaction
Universitas Sumatera Utara