Group japan report Dwita
Author :
Dwita Ayu Rahmadanti
120820160022
MARKETING ANALYSIS
Tourism is one of the main sectors in the Japan economy. It shows the
contribution of tourism in increasing state revenue. Therefore, Japan
progressively enhance its ability in the field of tourism to increase state
revenue. During the development of its tourism, Japan have experienced a
sharp decline. Especially the number of foreign tourists, such as Chinese
tourists are declining due to the territorial issue of the Sino-Japan which
heats up. Efforts are being made to improve the Japan tourism by looking
for other potential tourists.
One of the potential market that is lately considered by Japan is the muslim tourists. It looks at the percentage
of muslim travellers are increasing in the article "Japan Sees Big Potential Asian Muslim Tourist" written by
Mutsuko Murakami in New Straits Times, that the origin of the Indonesian Malaysian tourist are about 40%
and 66%. Both countries are dominated by muslim peoples. Based on the increase in the number of muslim
tourists, tourism Japan realize the muslim travelers was the new potential market. However, to support the
muslim tourists to visit still is constrained by the limited facilities for Muslims. It became one of the hurdles in
running a tourism, for a muslim to have some restrictions, including limits on food that has to be in accordance
with the laws of Islam.
Our visit this time is an academic trip in the form of activities “The International Joint Seminars Held by
Takushoku University & Visit to Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant) Tokyo Metropolitan
Government Humanizing Collaboration Program between the Japan Indonesia & on 6th batch from the 15th
until May 19, 2017. We are a number of 26 person which is the majority came from the Muslims. The comfort
associated with consumption of halal food being our previous concerns.
But our concern was greeted well by the Government of Japan. The Government's attempt to attract muslim
tourists in Japan is very good. The Government is working with tourism service providers and travel agencies
in several countries including Indonesia in order to promote the hospitality of Japan against the muslim
tourists. There have been many travel agencies offering halal plan tour – the term for muslim travellers-tour,
and articles that help any muslim tourism marketing activities have been many who wrote it as a marketing
effort. Lucky us, accompanied by travel agents who have the same concern to the needs of our worship and
facilities against halal food.
The availability of halal food we felt since the beginning of the journey. Japan-Jakarta around 7 hours trip we
traveled using airline Japan Airlines (JAL). The atmosphere of Japan already feels while on the plane. We were
greeted by a stewardess who was always smiling and very polite. Muslim Meal reservations could already be
done while doing the process of booking the ticket, before choosing a seat and make the payment. When we
were sitting on the plane, we were approached by a stewardess who confirm our food orders. After that, we
will seat plastered stickers MOML meaning ' Moslem Meal '.
Halal Meal at JAL with MOML stickers
Upon arrival in Japan, the experience of enjoying the halal meal in Japan continues. It turns out that it is not
difficult to find places to eat halal certified in Japan. On our first day of tasting food halal-certified, we go to
Indian restaurants namely Mantra. Mantra brings authentic, traditional, high quality Indian cuisine at
reasonable prices. The chefs are from some of the best retaurants and hotels in India. Their cooking take us to
the taste of India with the rich array of curries and tandoori dishes. The atmosphere is casual and relaxed with
artefacts from India. The name of “Mantra” is a poem or a string of words which are repeated over and over
for good luck and well being.
Halal Curry Set for Lunch
The experience of enjoying the Halal Food we get more in the restaurant Malaychan with the concept of the
Malaysian ethnic restaurant. Malaychan actually has two restaurants, namely the Malaychan One and
Malaychan Two. However, only Malaychan One restaurant that provides halal food. Malaychan One also
became the first restaurant in Japan that obtain halal certification from the Government of Malaysia.
Restoran Malaychan Satu located at Chome-22-6 Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo.
The restaurant is small and has a home feel, which was nice. We ordered the nasi goreng set that came with
vegetables and chickens peanut sauce. Some of their popular dishes are nasi goreng, coconut curry, satay, and
otak-otak. They are currently developing new HALAL recipes in addition to Malaysian dishes.
Therefore, we hesitantly asked the restaurant staff whether we could do the pray at a nearby place or in the
restaurant. Surprisingly, they told us that they had a prayer mat, a place for making abolution, and, of course,
a place for prayer as well. However, it was amazing to know that a restaurant owned by a non-Muslim lady,
could offer me a proper place for prayer with all the ‘necessities’ for prayer.
For the other day, we have an opportunity to tasted Turkish food at Turkish Cuisine Saray, Ginza. Saray is one
of a number of Saray restaurants around Tokyo and does a good job in what appears to be authentic Turkish
Cuisine. All food ingredients they used are halal, so Muslim customers can enjoy they food without worries.
Saray Halal Dinner Set
With the availability of various halal food in Japan can provide convenience for tourists, then it can affect a
number of muslim tourists arrival. Strategy of tourism conducted Japan's tourism industry was already good to
look at segmentation. By grouping based on the religion motive and location of origin of tourists. After
segmentation has already retrieved then the target market are starting to aim, such as the muslim travelers
who become potential market, so that the tourism industry prepare for a muslim-friendly facilities. In the
execution of the halal market, Japan's efforts showed his country as a muslim-friendly country is seen also
from the travel agent that doing promotion or publicationand the issuance of tour guides and halal food for
Muslims.
If Japan is able to attract tourists of Asian origin are particularly Malaysia and Indonesia which is a muslimmajority country. Thus, the Japan industry have opportunities to attract muslim tourists from various parts of
the world, a number of Muslims in the world around 23.2% of the population of the world. Imagine how big
Japan's income from tourism sector if Japan is really able to prove that its country as a muslim friendly.
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS
Through the program “Visit to Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant) Tokyo
Metropolitan Government Humanizing Collaboration Program along with 25 other friends in
class, I had the opportunity learn about waste management in Japan.
Kelas Kerjasama taking photo with Shin-Koto Incineration Plant staff
What we see in this visit is entirely outside our imagination. The open Landfill dumping impression, filled with
piles of trash, and even strong scent is not at all we found. Instead, we saw a pretty magnificent buildings, with
a touch of modern architecture in which is divided into several rooms, equipped with sophisticated enough
engine equipment.
Building Maket of Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
For some people, the process of handling waste incineration methods in which garbage is burned with a fairly
high temperature can impact badly on the environment around, for example, air pollution (the emergence of
dangerous dioxin gases to human health). However, with a fairly sophisticated technological approach, the
Government of Japan is convinced it can minimize the negative impact.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant was built in 1998, which was built in the area of Tokyo with a capacity of 1800
tons of garbage that can be processed per day. Incineration Plant has 3 units of fire grate that is able to work
each burn as much as 600 tons of garbage per day are collected from garbage in Tokyo and the surrounding
area. Since that time the factory is working to process garbage for 24 hours per day throughout the year.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is very open in providing educational information to the public and especially
school children about how should cultivate the waste, thus becoming beneficial for humans and the
environment. For school children, Shin-Koto Incineration Plant provided a very interesting animated film about
rubbish, so it is fun for children learning about the garbage processing. In Japan, the educational character of
the dump had been taught from early childhood education. This education also applied by people all over
Japan, from the family, the environment, and the world of work.
The animation movie about a garbage processing in Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
The artwork of school children visitorat Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
In the principle, the garbage in Japan are divided into 4 types:
• Combustible waste
• Incombustible waste
• Large sized waste
• Resources
At this time, I will explain the interesting of garbage can be transformed into resources, energy, and other
useful products/items and returns to us.
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE
In the early stages, the garbage that has been sorted according the category, transported towards the
incineration plant for the burnable waste (combustible). In the incineration plant is already waiting for the
crane that will stir this garbage.
Moving crane with capacity 14m3, 4.2 tons max and 5m diameter are remote controlled in control room
or can be automatically operated
According to a sampel survey on household garbage that Japan conducted, about 40% percent of combustible
waste was kitchen garbage, including unused food, and other 20% was reusable paper. Furthermore, the
garbage that's been fused those burned with temperatures reached 800 degrees Celsius. This technique not
only effectively reduce the volume of waste 1/20 to be almost certain of the actual size, but also reduce the
gases resulting from the combustion of dioxins.
When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated
The result of the combustion of waste in the form of grain similar to sand called the bottom ash. Bottom ash is
cinder discharge from the bottom of incinerator. Bottom ash that is generated in incineration plants is
transferred to private cement factories by freight vehicles/trains In the initiative for recycling of bottom ash
into cement materials and efficiently used u.s. Portland cement materials (the most common and widely used
type of cement that accounts for 70% of aprprox cement consumption in Japan). Cement materials include
limestone, clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom ash is used as a substitute for clay. This cement
materials has been used in the manufacture of paving block for walking area, rest area and shoulder-shoulder
roads in Japan.
A paving block made from incinerated garbage ash
In addition, the result of burning garbage there is also in the form of dust or fly ash. Fly ash is soot and dust
within exhaust that is collected by bag filters and then heated again with temperature of 3000 ' C so that it can
be obtained a building material called Slag. Bottom ash also can be melted into slag. When bottom ash is
melted at a high temperature of over 1200’C (2192’F) and then rapidly cooled, it turns into sandy slag. As slag,
the volume is almost half that of ash, and approximately one-fortieth of its original state as waste.
This slag is utilized to extend the land of Japan, with a State-of-the-art by sent to landfill disposal on the New
Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has been esthablished and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan
Government. Because it is extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in Tokyo Port, a full-scale
initiative has been undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement materials, for the purpose of reducing the
amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. Through this project in 2015, 5000
tons of bottom ash was used as cement materials. It will continue the recycling of bottom ash to reduce the
volume that goes to the final disposal site.
A bird’s-eye view of the Central Breakwater landfill sites (left, middle)
and the New Sea Surface Disposal Site (right).
Putting the heat energy generated from incineration to beneficial use
The thermal energy generated from the combustion process used to supply the entire electricity needs in the
incineration plant and the rest is sold to electricity providers and community around the factory. Electricity
and hot water produced at plants are used within facilities to operate the plant, thereby reducing electricity
purchases and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. All of the plants sell electricity, and
four plants sell heat as hot water to other facilities. Sales performance in FY 2015 is shown in the table :
Total Generated Power
Electricity sold
Income from electricity sold
Supplied heat (charged)
Income from heat sold
1,172.60 M kWh
660.86 M kWh
Y 11,765.76 M
501,000 GJ
Y 192.02 M
“Hot water” is pressurized and remains in its liquid state even at a temperature over 100 degrees
Celsius. From this, Hikarigoaka, Ariake and Shingawa incineration plants sell heat to supply companies. Shinkoto and Itabashi Plants supply heat to metropolitan facilities at a charge.
Supply heat to the community
But once improper waste is brought into an incinerator Combustibles carried into incineration plants
sometimes contain waste unsuitable for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that
exceeds the disposal capacity of the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators,
costing a great deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting
waste, waste collection and transfer operations will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management
in all 23 cities. To prevent carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation,
inspection of incoming waste is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are
also set to enhance the above inspection and to perform close observation at platforms in each incineration
plant. Overall regular inspection on incoming waste is also conducted at all incineration plants in collaboration
with the 23 cities.
INCOMBUSTIBLE WASTE
Incombustible waste is unburnable waste that processed at two incombustible waste processing centers which
are the CHUBO Incombustible Waste Processing Center, and the Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste
Processing Center. The process is divided into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste processing
centers pulverized to reduce its volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. crushed
incombustible waste finely and make it smaller to reclaim effectively. Incombustibles also contain redcyclable
resources, such as ferrous metals and aluminium, which are separated and collected.
Large blocks of recovered metal sit at the Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center in Tokyo
Incombustible waste is carried to landfill and used for landfill. Now landfill is constructed in New Sea Surface
Disposal Site. It is last place to be able to construction landfill and can be continue 50 years. Therefore volume
of waste is needed decrease. Iron and aluminum is used for recycle of other production. Currently shortage of
resource in the earth is big problem. Therefore recycle and effective use of resource is needed.
LARGE SIZED WASTE
Processing large-sized waste starts with separating combustibles such as wooden furniture from
incombustibles such as bicycles. The separation work is performed manually at large sized waste transfer
stations in each city, or at the receiving yard of the Large sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. The
separation process divide waste into 3 type residue :
1.
2.
3.
Ferrous metals that recovered as resources
Combustible residue that incinerated at the incineration plants in the 23 Cities (private cement factories, Ash
melting facility, Landfill)
Incombustibles (used for Landfill)
RESOURCES
Under the 3R policy (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), Japan has been collecting PET bottles, food trays, and cans separately
for reuse as recycle resources in the manufacturing of new products. Recovered as resources or products by the
manufactures recycling center or private recycling businesses. The Basic law promoting the creation of recycling
oriented society, contains:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Act on the promotion of effective utilization of resources
Containers and packaging recycling law
Home appliance recycling law
Food waste recycling law
Consruction materials recycling law
Law on recycling of end of life of vehicles
Small home appliances recycling law
Resource recycling technology used to produce high quality products. For example, PET bottles are collected
in accordance with the Act on the Promotion of Sorted Collection and Recycling Containers and Packaging, and
they are used to make a variety of textile products, etc. Relatively high-grade PET bottles are collected and
remade into PET bottles or carpets with the high technology possessed by Japan.
Recycled resin from PET bottle waste is used to make material for civil engineering and inner cotton for
bedding. It was thought that making long fiber or resin product that will not decolorize would be difficult to
achieve. One Japanese company began recycling and reproducing PET bottles in China, Thailand and Taiwan.
There are cases of recycled material being colored at the resin stage and made into high quality carpets using
high level sewing skill.
The example of products for reuse as recycle resources
Turning garbage into land is the end result of an elaborately engineered process that’s all the more remarkable
considering the city’s density. Tokyo lies at the heart of the world’s largest metropolitan area: more than 37
million people all told, including the capital’s own 13.5 million. And yet Tokyo manages to stay remarkably
clean. If not immaculate, the streets are generally tidy and the air is breathable. That’s due in large part to how
the city handles and burns its garbage.
Japan has one more solution for dealing with its trash. If there isn't enough land to bury the trash, why not just
make more land with the trash? We might be familiar with land reclamation) Well, Japan has also used this
technology of filling in an area of water with heavy rock, cement, dirt, and garbage to make new land, though
not in quite such fancy shapes.
Landfill disposal sites established and managed by the Tokyo Mteropolitan Government
At the Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and New Sea Surface Disposal Site, established and
managed by The Tokyo Metropolitan Government, residue after treating general waste in the 23 Cities, waste
from municipal facilities such as sewage sludge, and industrial waste from small and medium sized companies
in Tokyo are put to landfill disposal.
Combustible waste and combustible part of large sized waste after pulverization are incinerated. A part of the
bottom ash is recycled into cement materials or melted into slag, while the remainder of bottom ash and
chemically treated fly ash goes to landfill.
Incombustible waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered as resources, before the incombustible
residue is buried into landfill.
Large sized waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered are recovered as resources, before the
incombustible residue is buried into landfill.
In addition to waste, materials from dredging the sea and rivers as well as fill generated by construction (dirt
and sand) are buried in landfills, but are placed separately from waste because their treatment method differs.
Methods of Landfill Disposal
On a landfill disposal site, furrows are made with waste. When a furrow reaches the height of approx. 3
meters, it is covered with approx.. 50 centimeters of soil. Subsequently, waste is buried in the resulting ridge.
When the ridge is filled, it is also covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Landfill disposal is performed by
repeating these steps (sandwich pattern). The soil covering prevents the scattering of waste, spread of odor,
vermin, and fire. Bottom ash is disposed of using a framing method, where a trench is created into which ash
is dumped, so that it will not be dispersed by wind.
Structure of landfill disposal site
Landfill disposal sites are categorized into three types, depending on the level of impact the filled waste
presents, namely, inert waste disposal sites, controlled disposal sites and strictly controlled disposal sites. The
Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and the eastern area of New Sea Surface Disposal Site are
strictly controlled disposal sites that accept general waste and industrial waste. These sites are equipped with
banks consisting of double steel tubing sheet piles to prevent leachate water from seeping out of the landfill
disposal sites and contaminating groundwater or public waters. Leachate is processed in the water collecting
equipment, the leachate treatment plants, and other facilities.
The New Sea Surface Disposal Site is the final resting place for trash churned out by Tokyo’s 23 wards. It’s
crawling with dump trucks and bulldozers packing Tokyo’s waste into a carefully layered sandwich 30 meters
deep. The island is composed of ash from incinerated trash, pulverized nonburnable trash and processed
sewage sludge, along with real soil. Exhaust pipes for methane gas seeping from the garbage underfoot stud
the mass, while exposed sedimentary layers reveal plastic scraps and other refuse, some decades old. But
these are rare: garbage is mostly invisible here, buried under a top layer of soil, and that’s why the sky isn’t full
of birds like in Alfred Hitchcock’s avian thriller of 1963. And as the landfill grows, so does the city: This is the
newest face of Tokyo.
The disposal site and adjacent Central Breakwater landfills will become parks in the future. The area is part of a
site roughly 1,000 hectares large sprawling southward from Odaiba, the artificial island facing central Tokyo.
When it’s complete, the western half will be made of soil and will support a terminal for shipping containers.
The eastern half, built of garbage, will eventually become green space with leisure facilities. One corner of this
oasis of trash that’s already nearing completion is Umi no Mori (Groves on the Ocean). It’s a rolling park
measuring 150 hectares, about the size of an average golf course. Its hilltop lookout is already covered with
grass and fringed by pine trees. It offers sweeping views of the city’s waterfront and Tokyo Gate Bridge. Umi
no Mori is slated to open sometime after the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Future generations of Tokyoites will sun
themselves here by the sea while relaxing on garbage.
CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS
Looking at the implementation of awareness of garbage systems in
Indonesia, based on the separation of its kind has already started to be
applied in Indonesia these past 10 years. Implementation begins by
providing two kinds of trash, organic waste and trash the non organic.
Applications until this stage been widely applied in various areas as well
as government agencies in Indonesia, but the implementation of this
system seems to just blow the idea in the beginning of the course, has not seen sustainability and the real
benefits to be felt. Although the trash that has been provided separately, but in the end becomes a pile of junk
that mingled so that it becomes hopeless only.
Indonesian Public Trash
Japans Public Trash
A large number of bins that are available in public places is not always correlated positively with the level of
cleanliness of a place. This means that, although there are a lot of trash that is available doesn't necessarily
mean the place could be called clean. This is the case in Japan where extremely difficult to find a trash can, and
if there is (as in stations, airports and schools) the amount is not much. This is one of the efforts of the
Government of Japan to form the habit of the people not to leave trash at any place. Usually they keep trash in
bags and throw away the trash when the trash can find or bring it home. Environmentally friendly waste
management.
There are 3 things that lead to a habit of sorting out garbage in Japan is becoming entrenched is very strong,
that is because (1) a fairly high public awareness of the importance of waste management, (2) success in
building a sense of shame in society and planted deep into the subconscious to dispose of trash in its place,
and (3) education conducted in the massif and aggressive early on through teaching and training ways of
sorting out garbage match type.
The problems in Indonesia itself is the lack of readiness of the community received a new thing that is
considered complicated, plus the lack of socialization and education about the importance of waste
management. In addition to the lack of public awareness of environmental hygiene, the Government would
not put it as a priority that must take precedence. Any sophisticated technology won't be useful if knowledge,
willingness, and awarenes towards waste management is not a priority of the Government and is not
embedded in the community.
This issue could still be resolved of course with the strong willingness of the various parties. There is hope that
the people of Indonesia also ready and concerned with the cleanliness of the environment. Well, are we
ready?
Dwita Ayu Rahmadanti
120820160022
MARKETING ANALYSIS
Tourism is one of the main sectors in the Japan economy. It shows the
contribution of tourism in increasing state revenue. Therefore, Japan
progressively enhance its ability in the field of tourism to increase state
revenue. During the development of its tourism, Japan have experienced a
sharp decline. Especially the number of foreign tourists, such as Chinese
tourists are declining due to the territorial issue of the Sino-Japan which
heats up. Efforts are being made to improve the Japan tourism by looking
for other potential tourists.
One of the potential market that is lately considered by Japan is the muslim tourists. It looks at the percentage
of muslim travellers are increasing in the article "Japan Sees Big Potential Asian Muslim Tourist" written by
Mutsuko Murakami in New Straits Times, that the origin of the Indonesian Malaysian tourist are about 40%
and 66%. Both countries are dominated by muslim peoples. Based on the increase in the number of muslim
tourists, tourism Japan realize the muslim travelers was the new potential market. However, to support the
muslim tourists to visit still is constrained by the limited facilities for Muslims. It became one of the hurdles in
running a tourism, for a muslim to have some restrictions, including limits on food that has to be in accordance
with the laws of Islam.
Our visit this time is an academic trip in the form of activities “The International Joint Seminars Held by
Takushoku University & Visit to Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant) Tokyo Metropolitan
Government Humanizing Collaboration Program between the Japan Indonesia & on 6th batch from the 15th
until May 19, 2017. We are a number of 26 person which is the majority came from the Muslims. The comfort
associated with consumption of halal food being our previous concerns.
But our concern was greeted well by the Government of Japan. The Government's attempt to attract muslim
tourists in Japan is very good. The Government is working with tourism service providers and travel agencies
in several countries including Indonesia in order to promote the hospitality of Japan against the muslim
tourists. There have been many travel agencies offering halal plan tour – the term for muslim travellers-tour,
and articles that help any muslim tourism marketing activities have been many who wrote it as a marketing
effort. Lucky us, accompanied by travel agents who have the same concern to the needs of our worship and
facilities against halal food.
The availability of halal food we felt since the beginning of the journey. Japan-Jakarta around 7 hours trip we
traveled using airline Japan Airlines (JAL). The atmosphere of Japan already feels while on the plane. We were
greeted by a stewardess who was always smiling and very polite. Muslim Meal reservations could already be
done while doing the process of booking the ticket, before choosing a seat and make the payment. When we
were sitting on the plane, we were approached by a stewardess who confirm our food orders. After that, we
will seat plastered stickers MOML meaning ' Moslem Meal '.
Halal Meal at JAL with MOML stickers
Upon arrival in Japan, the experience of enjoying the halal meal in Japan continues. It turns out that it is not
difficult to find places to eat halal certified in Japan. On our first day of tasting food halal-certified, we go to
Indian restaurants namely Mantra. Mantra brings authentic, traditional, high quality Indian cuisine at
reasonable prices. The chefs are from some of the best retaurants and hotels in India. Their cooking take us to
the taste of India with the rich array of curries and tandoori dishes. The atmosphere is casual and relaxed with
artefacts from India. The name of “Mantra” is a poem or a string of words which are repeated over and over
for good luck and well being.
Halal Curry Set for Lunch
The experience of enjoying the Halal Food we get more in the restaurant Malaychan with the concept of the
Malaysian ethnic restaurant. Malaychan actually has two restaurants, namely the Malaychan One and
Malaychan Two. However, only Malaychan One restaurant that provides halal food. Malaychan One also
became the first restaurant in Japan that obtain halal certification from the Government of Malaysia.
Restoran Malaychan Satu located at Chome-22-6 Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo.
The restaurant is small and has a home feel, which was nice. We ordered the nasi goreng set that came with
vegetables and chickens peanut sauce. Some of their popular dishes are nasi goreng, coconut curry, satay, and
otak-otak. They are currently developing new HALAL recipes in addition to Malaysian dishes.
Therefore, we hesitantly asked the restaurant staff whether we could do the pray at a nearby place or in the
restaurant. Surprisingly, they told us that they had a prayer mat, a place for making abolution, and, of course,
a place for prayer as well. However, it was amazing to know that a restaurant owned by a non-Muslim lady,
could offer me a proper place for prayer with all the ‘necessities’ for prayer.
For the other day, we have an opportunity to tasted Turkish food at Turkish Cuisine Saray, Ginza. Saray is one
of a number of Saray restaurants around Tokyo and does a good job in what appears to be authentic Turkish
Cuisine. All food ingredients they used are halal, so Muslim customers can enjoy they food without worries.
Saray Halal Dinner Set
With the availability of various halal food in Japan can provide convenience for tourists, then it can affect a
number of muslim tourists arrival. Strategy of tourism conducted Japan's tourism industry was already good to
look at segmentation. By grouping based on the religion motive and location of origin of tourists. After
segmentation has already retrieved then the target market are starting to aim, such as the muslim travelers
who become potential market, so that the tourism industry prepare for a muslim-friendly facilities. In the
execution of the halal market, Japan's efforts showed his country as a muslim-friendly country is seen also
from the travel agent that doing promotion or publicationand the issuance of tour guides and halal food for
Muslims.
If Japan is able to attract tourists of Asian origin are particularly Malaysia and Indonesia which is a muslimmajority country. Thus, the Japan industry have opportunities to attract muslim tourists from various parts of
the world, a number of Muslims in the world around 23.2% of the population of the world. Imagine how big
Japan's income from tourism sector if Japan is really able to prove that its country as a muslim friendly.
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS
Through the program “Visit to Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant) Tokyo
Metropolitan Government Humanizing Collaboration Program along with 25 other friends in
class, I had the opportunity learn about waste management in Japan.
Kelas Kerjasama taking photo with Shin-Koto Incineration Plant staff
What we see in this visit is entirely outside our imagination. The open Landfill dumping impression, filled with
piles of trash, and even strong scent is not at all we found. Instead, we saw a pretty magnificent buildings, with
a touch of modern architecture in which is divided into several rooms, equipped with sophisticated enough
engine equipment.
Building Maket of Clean Authority of Tokyo (Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
For some people, the process of handling waste incineration methods in which garbage is burned with a fairly
high temperature can impact badly on the environment around, for example, air pollution (the emergence of
dangerous dioxin gases to human health). However, with a fairly sophisticated technological approach, the
Government of Japan is convinced it can minimize the negative impact.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant was built in 1998, which was built in the area of Tokyo with a capacity of 1800
tons of garbage that can be processed per day. Incineration Plant has 3 units of fire grate that is able to work
each burn as much as 600 tons of garbage per day are collected from garbage in Tokyo and the surrounding
area. Since that time the factory is working to process garbage for 24 hours per day throughout the year.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is very open in providing educational information to the public and especially
school children about how should cultivate the waste, thus becoming beneficial for humans and the
environment. For school children, Shin-Koto Incineration Plant provided a very interesting animated film about
rubbish, so it is fun for children learning about the garbage processing. In Japan, the educational character of
the dump had been taught from early childhood education. This education also applied by people all over
Japan, from the family, the environment, and the world of work.
The animation movie about a garbage processing in Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
The artwork of school children visitorat Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
In the principle, the garbage in Japan are divided into 4 types:
• Combustible waste
• Incombustible waste
• Large sized waste
• Resources
At this time, I will explain the interesting of garbage can be transformed into resources, energy, and other
useful products/items and returns to us.
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE
In the early stages, the garbage that has been sorted according the category, transported towards the
incineration plant for the burnable waste (combustible). In the incineration plant is already waiting for the
crane that will stir this garbage.
Moving crane with capacity 14m3, 4.2 tons max and 5m diameter are remote controlled in control room
or can be automatically operated
According to a sampel survey on household garbage that Japan conducted, about 40% percent of combustible
waste was kitchen garbage, including unused food, and other 20% was reusable paper. Furthermore, the
garbage that's been fused those burned with temperatures reached 800 degrees Celsius. This technique not
only effectively reduce the volume of waste 1/20 to be almost certain of the actual size, but also reduce the
gases resulting from the combustion of dioxins.
When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated
The result of the combustion of waste in the form of grain similar to sand called the bottom ash. Bottom ash is
cinder discharge from the bottom of incinerator. Bottom ash that is generated in incineration plants is
transferred to private cement factories by freight vehicles/trains In the initiative for recycling of bottom ash
into cement materials and efficiently used u.s. Portland cement materials (the most common and widely used
type of cement that accounts for 70% of aprprox cement consumption in Japan). Cement materials include
limestone, clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom ash is used as a substitute for clay. This cement
materials has been used in the manufacture of paving block for walking area, rest area and shoulder-shoulder
roads in Japan.
A paving block made from incinerated garbage ash
In addition, the result of burning garbage there is also in the form of dust or fly ash. Fly ash is soot and dust
within exhaust that is collected by bag filters and then heated again with temperature of 3000 ' C so that it can
be obtained a building material called Slag. Bottom ash also can be melted into slag. When bottom ash is
melted at a high temperature of over 1200’C (2192’F) and then rapidly cooled, it turns into sandy slag. As slag,
the volume is almost half that of ash, and approximately one-fortieth of its original state as waste.
This slag is utilized to extend the land of Japan, with a State-of-the-art by sent to landfill disposal on the New
Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has been esthablished and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan
Government. Because it is extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in Tokyo Port, a full-scale
initiative has been undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement materials, for the purpose of reducing the
amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. Through this project in 2015, 5000
tons of bottom ash was used as cement materials. It will continue the recycling of bottom ash to reduce the
volume that goes to the final disposal site.
A bird’s-eye view of the Central Breakwater landfill sites (left, middle)
and the New Sea Surface Disposal Site (right).
Putting the heat energy generated from incineration to beneficial use
The thermal energy generated from the combustion process used to supply the entire electricity needs in the
incineration plant and the rest is sold to electricity providers and community around the factory. Electricity
and hot water produced at plants are used within facilities to operate the plant, thereby reducing electricity
purchases and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. All of the plants sell electricity, and
four plants sell heat as hot water to other facilities. Sales performance in FY 2015 is shown in the table :
Total Generated Power
Electricity sold
Income from electricity sold
Supplied heat (charged)
Income from heat sold
1,172.60 M kWh
660.86 M kWh
Y 11,765.76 M
501,000 GJ
Y 192.02 M
“Hot water” is pressurized and remains in its liquid state even at a temperature over 100 degrees
Celsius. From this, Hikarigoaka, Ariake and Shingawa incineration plants sell heat to supply companies. Shinkoto and Itabashi Plants supply heat to metropolitan facilities at a charge.
Supply heat to the community
But once improper waste is brought into an incinerator Combustibles carried into incineration plants
sometimes contain waste unsuitable for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that
exceeds the disposal capacity of the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators,
costing a great deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting
waste, waste collection and transfer operations will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management
in all 23 cities. To prevent carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation,
inspection of incoming waste is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are
also set to enhance the above inspection and to perform close observation at platforms in each incineration
plant. Overall regular inspection on incoming waste is also conducted at all incineration plants in collaboration
with the 23 cities.
INCOMBUSTIBLE WASTE
Incombustible waste is unburnable waste that processed at two incombustible waste processing centers which
are the CHUBO Incombustible Waste Processing Center, and the Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste
Processing Center. The process is divided into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste processing
centers pulverized to reduce its volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. crushed
incombustible waste finely and make it smaller to reclaim effectively. Incombustibles also contain redcyclable
resources, such as ferrous metals and aluminium, which are separated and collected.
Large blocks of recovered metal sit at the Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center in Tokyo
Incombustible waste is carried to landfill and used for landfill. Now landfill is constructed in New Sea Surface
Disposal Site. It is last place to be able to construction landfill and can be continue 50 years. Therefore volume
of waste is needed decrease. Iron and aluminum is used for recycle of other production. Currently shortage of
resource in the earth is big problem. Therefore recycle and effective use of resource is needed.
LARGE SIZED WASTE
Processing large-sized waste starts with separating combustibles such as wooden furniture from
incombustibles such as bicycles. The separation work is performed manually at large sized waste transfer
stations in each city, or at the receiving yard of the Large sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. The
separation process divide waste into 3 type residue :
1.
2.
3.
Ferrous metals that recovered as resources
Combustible residue that incinerated at the incineration plants in the 23 Cities (private cement factories, Ash
melting facility, Landfill)
Incombustibles (used for Landfill)
RESOURCES
Under the 3R policy (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), Japan has been collecting PET bottles, food trays, and cans separately
for reuse as recycle resources in the manufacturing of new products. Recovered as resources or products by the
manufactures recycling center or private recycling businesses. The Basic law promoting the creation of recycling
oriented society, contains:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Act on the promotion of effective utilization of resources
Containers and packaging recycling law
Home appliance recycling law
Food waste recycling law
Consruction materials recycling law
Law on recycling of end of life of vehicles
Small home appliances recycling law
Resource recycling technology used to produce high quality products. For example, PET bottles are collected
in accordance with the Act on the Promotion of Sorted Collection and Recycling Containers and Packaging, and
they are used to make a variety of textile products, etc. Relatively high-grade PET bottles are collected and
remade into PET bottles or carpets with the high technology possessed by Japan.
Recycled resin from PET bottle waste is used to make material for civil engineering and inner cotton for
bedding. It was thought that making long fiber or resin product that will not decolorize would be difficult to
achieve. One Japanese company began recycling and reproducing PET bottles in China, Thailand and Taiwan.
There are cases of recycled material being colored at the resin stage and made into high quality carpets using
high level sewing skill.
The example of products for reuse as recycle resources
Turning garbage into land is the end result of an elaborately engineered process that’s all the more remarkable
considering the city’s density. Tokyo lies at the heart of the world’s largest metropolitan area: more than 37
million people all told, including the capital’s own 13.5 million. And yet Tokyo manages to stay remarkably
clean. If not immaculate, the streets are generally tidy and the air is breathable. That’s due in large part to how
the city handles and burns its garbage.
Japan has one more solution for dealing with its trash. If there isn't enough land to bury the trash, why not just
make more land with the trash? We might be familiar with land reclamation) Well, Japan has also used this
technology of filling in an area of water with heavy rock, cement, dirt, and garbage to make new land, though
not in quite such fancy shapes.
Landfill disposal sites established and managed by the Tokyo Mteropolitan Government
At the Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and New Sea Surface Disposal Site, established and
managed by The Tokyo Metropolitan Government, residue after treating general waste in the 23 Cities, waste
from municipal facilities such as sewage sludge, and industrial waste from small and medium sized companies
in Tokyo are put to landfill disposal.
Combustible waste and combustible part of large sized waste after pulverization are incinerated. A part of the
bottom ash is recycled into cement materials or melted into slag, while the remainder of bottom ash and
chemically treated fly ash goes to landfill.
Incombustible waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered as resources, before the incombustible
residue is buried into landfill.
Large sized waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered are recovered as resources, before the
incombustible residue is buried into landfill.
In addition to waste, materials from dredging the sea and rivers as well as fill generated by construction (dirt
and sand) are buried in landfills, but are placed separately from waste because their treatment method differs.
Methods of Landfill Disposal
On a landfill disposal site, furrows are made with waste. When a furrow reaches the height of approx. 3
meters, it is covered with approx.. 50 centimeters of soil. Subsequently, waste is buried in the resulting ridge.
When the ridge is filled, it is also covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Landfill disposal is performed by
repeating these steps (sandwich pattern). The soil covering prevents the scattering of waste, spread of odor,
vermin, and fire. Bottom ash is disposed of using a framing method, where a trench is created into which ash
is dumped, so that it will not be dispersed by wind.
Structure of landfill disposal site
Landfill disposal sites are categorized into three types, depending on the level of impact the filled waste
presents, namely, inert waste disposal sites, controlled disposal sites and strictly controlled disposal sites. The
Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and the eastern area of New Sea Surface Disposal Site are
strictly controlled disposal sites that accept general waste and industrial waste. These sites are equipped with
banks consisting of double steel tubing sheet piles to prevent leachate water from seeping out of the landfill
disposal sites and contaminating groundwater or public waters. Leachate is processed in the water collecting
equipment, the leachate treatment plants, and other facilities.
The New Sea Surface Disposal Site is the final resting place for trash churned out by Tokyo’s 23 wards. It’s
crawling with dump trucks and bulldozers packing Tokyo’s waste into a carefully layered sandwich 30 meters
deep. The island is composed of ash from incinerated trash, pulverized nonburnable trash and processed
sewage sludge, along with real soil. Exhaust pipes for methane gas seeping from the garbage underfoot stud
the mass, while exposed sedimentary layers reveal plastic scraps and other refuse, some decades old. But
these are rare: garbage is mostly invisible here, buried under a top layer of soil, and that’s why the sky isn’t full
of birds like in Alfred Hitchcock’s avian thriller of 1963. And as the landfill grows, so does the city: This is the
newest face of Tokyo.
The disposal site and adjacent Central Breakwater landfills will become parks in the future. The area is part of a
site roughly 1,000 hectares large sprawling southward from Odaiba, the artificial island facing central Tokyo.
When it’s complete, the western half will be made of soil and will support a terminal for shipping containers.
The eastern half, built of garbage, will eventually become green space with leisure facilities. One corner of this
oasis of trash that’s already nearing completion is Umi no Mori (Groves on the Ocean). It’s a rolling park
measuring 150 hectares, about the size of an average golf course. Its hilltop lookout is already covered with
grass and fringed by pine trees. It offers sweeping views of the city’s waterfront and Tokyo Gate Bridge. Umi
no Mori is slated to open sometime after the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Future generations of Tokyoites will sun
themselves here by the sea while relaxing on garbage.
CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS
Looking at the implementation of awareness of garbage systems in
Indonesia, based on the separation of its kind has already started to be
applied in Indonesia these past 10 years. Implementation begins by
providing two kinds of trash, organic waste and trash the non organic.
Applications until this stage been widely applied in various areas as well
as government agencies in Indonesia, but the implementation of this
system seems to just blow the idea in the beginning of the course, has not seen sustainability and the real
benefits to be felt. Although the trash that has been provided separately, but in the end becomes a pile of junk
that mingled so that it becomes hopeless only.
Indonesian Public Trash
Japans Public Trash
A large number of bins that are available in public places is not always correlated positively with the level of
cleanliness of a place. This means that, although there are a lot of trash that is available doesn't necessarily
mean the place could be called clean. This is the case in Japan where extremely difficult to find a trash can, and
if there is (as in stations, airports and schools) the amount is not much. This is one of the efforts of the
Government of Japan to form the habit of the people not to leave trash at any place. Usually they keep trash in
bags and throw away the trash when the trash can find or bring it home. Environmentally friendly waste
management.
There are 3 things that lead to a habit of sorting out garbage in Japan is becoming entrenched is very strong,
that is because (1) a fairly high public awareness of the importance of waste management, (2) success in
building a sense of shame in society and planted deep into the subconscious to dispose of trash in its place,
and (3) education conducted in the massif and aggressive early on through teaching and training ways of
sorting out garbage match type.
The problems in Indonesia itself is the lack of readiness of the community received a new thing that is
considered complicated, plus the lack of socialization and education about the importance of waste
management. In addition to the lack of public awareness of environmental hygiene, the Government would
not put it as a priority that must take precedence. Any sophisticated technology won't be useful if knowledge,
willingness, and awarenes towards waste management is not a priority of the Government and is not
embedded in the community.
This issue could still be resolved of course with the strong willingness of the various parties. There is hope that
the people of Indonesia also ready and concerned with the cleanliness of the environment. Well, are we
ready?