Penggunaan Beads Kitosan-Mikrokristal Selulosa Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) Sebagai Adsorben Terhadap Ion Timbal (Pb2+)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abdel-Mohzen, A. M., Aly, A. S., Hardina, R., Montaser, A. S., Hebeish, A.2011.
Eco-Synthesis of PVA/Chitosan Hydrogels for Biomedical Application. J
Polym Environ, 19 : 1005-1012.
Adarsh, K.J. 2014. A Comparative Study on Metal Adsorption Properties of
Different Forms of Chitosan. IJIRSET. ISSN: 2319-8753.
Adel,
A.M.,
Z.H.A.
El-Wahab,
A.A.Ibrahim,
and
M.T.
AlShemy.2011.Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Prepared from
Lignocellulosic Materials, Part II: Physicochemical properties,
Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol 83, pp 676-687.
Aly, A. S.(1998). Self-dissolving Chitosan. I. Preparation and Characterisation
and Evaluation for Drug Delivery System. Angew Macromolecular
Chemistry, 259 : 33-38.
Astuti, B.C. 2008. Pengembangan Edible Film Kitosan dengan Penambahan
Asam Lemak dan Essensial Oil: Upaya Perbaikan Sifat Barrier dan
Aktivitas Antimikroba. Bogor. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Bai, R., Li, N.2005. Novel Chitosan-Cellulose Hydrogel Adsorbents for Lead
Adsorption. Environment Science Technology.
Balhal, D. K., and Gyanananth, G.2012. Removal Of Lead (II) From Aqueous
Solutions By Adsorption Onto Chitosan Beads. Cellulose Chemistry
And Technology.Cellulose Chem. Technol., 46 (1-2), 121-124.
Berg, J. C., and Bhosale, P.2010. Acoustic Spectroscopy for Colloids Dispersed in
A Polymer Gel System., Langmuir, 26, 14423-14426.
Bernaconi, G. 1995. Teknologi Kimia Bagian 2. PT. Prandnya Pramita. Jakarta.
Bilal, A. 2001. Equilibrum studies on adsorpstion of Cu(II) from aqueous solution
onto cellulose. Journal of colloid and interface science. 243. 81-84.
Braun, B., and Dorgan, J.R. 2009. Single-Step Method For The Isolation and
surface functionalization of Cellulosic Nanowhiskers. Biomacromolecules
10(2), 334-341.
Darmono. 1995. Logam dalam Sistem Biologi Hidup. UI-Press. Jakarta.
Fardiaz, D.1989.Hidrokoloid. Bogor : Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi,
Institut Pertanian Bogor. 30-35.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Febrisari, A. 2008. Pendayagunaan Tumbuhan Liar, Alang-Alang (Imperata
cylindrica) sebagai Softdrink Herbal dalam Rangka Optimalisasi
Lingkungan. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Fessenden, R.J. dan Joan S. Fessenden. 1986. Kimia Organik. Edisi Ketiga. Jilid
1. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Gea, S., Reynolds, C.T., Roohpour, N., Wirjosentono, B., Soykeabkaew, N.,
Bilotti, E., dan Peijs, T.2011. Investigation into the Structural,
Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Bacterial Cellulose
after a Two-Step Purification Process. Bioresource Technology. 102:
9105-9110.
Hendayana, S., A. Kadarohman, A., A., & Sumarna, A., S. 1994. Kimia Analitik
Instrumen. Semarang : IKIP Semarang Press.
Hennik, W. E., Nostrum, C. F. Van.2002. Novel Crosslinking Methods to Design
Hydrogels. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 54, 13-36
Herwanto, B. dan Eko. S. 2006. Adsorpsi Ion Logam Pb (II) pada Membran
Selulosa-Kitosan Terikat Silang.
Hutahahean, S.2001. Penggunaan Kitosan sebagai Penyerap Terhadap Logam
Zinkum (Zn2+) dan Logam Kromium dengan Metode Spektrofotometri
Serapan Atom. Skripsi Jurusan Kimia FMIPA USU. Medan.
Kaban, J. 2009. Modifikasi Kimia dari Kitosan dan Aplikasi Produk yang
Dihasilkan. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Kalita, R.D.2013. Extraction and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose
from fodder grass (setaria glauca L P Beauv). India. ScienceDirect 108,
85-89.
Keshk, S.M.A.S and M.A. Haija.2011. A New Method for Producing
Microcrystalline cellulose from Gluconacetobacter xylinus and Kenaf,
Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 84, pp 1301-1305.
Koo, O. M. Y., dan P.W. S. Heng. 2001. The Influence of Microcrystalline
Cellulose Grade on Shape Distributions of Pellets Produced by ExtrusionSpheronization. Department of Pharmacy, National University of
Singapore. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 49 (11): 1383-1387.
Kousalya, G.N., M.R.G.C. Sairam Sundaram, S. Meenakshi. 2010. Synthesis of
Nano-Hydroxyapatite Chitin/Chitosan Hybrid Biocomposite for the
Removal of Fe (III). Carbohydrate Polymer, 82, 594-599.
Kumar, Ravi, N., V., Majeti. 2000. A review of chitin and chitosan applications.
Reactive & Functional Polymers 46, 1-27.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lee, D. W., Lim, H., Chong, H. N., dan Shim, W. S. 2009. Advances in Chitosan
Material and its Hybrid Derivatives: A Review. The Open Biomaterials
Journal. (1): 10-20.
Librawati, T.P, 2005. Analisis Cemaran Pb pada Bawang Daun (Allium fistulosum
L)di Daerah Dieng Wonosobo, Skripsi, Fakultas Biologi Unsoed
Purwokerto.
Lin, S. And Lihui Chen. 2012. Preparation And Characterization of
Chitosan/Cellulose Blend Films Using ZnCl2.3H2O As A Solvent. China.
Bioresources 7(4), 5488-5499
McKay, G., Blair, H. S. and Findon, A.1989. Equilibrium studies for the sorption
of metal ions onto chitosan, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 28A, No. 2, 356.
Mc.Cabe, W., Julian, S., and Harriot P. 1999. Operasi Teknik Kimia. Jilid 2.
Erlangga. Jakarta.
Metcalf and Eddy. 1979. Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal Reuse. McGraw Hill Ed.
Moenandir, J. 1988. Pengantar Ilmu dan Pengendalian Gulma. Rajawali Press:
Jakarta.
Muzzarelli RA A. 1985. New derivatives of chitin and chitosan: properties and
Applications. Di dalam Croscenz V, Dead ICM, Stivala SS (eds.). New
developments in industrial polysaccharides. gordon and beach science
Publ. New York.
Nazzal, S., A. A. Zaghloul., dan M.A. Khan. 2002. Effect of Extragranular
Microcrystalline Cellulose on Compaction, Surface Roughness, and In
Vitro Dissolution of a Self- Nanoemulsified Solid Dosage Form of
Ubiquinone. Pharmaceutical Technology. 86-98.
Ningwulan, M.P.S. 2012. Pembuatan Biokomposit Edible Film dari
Gelatin/Bacterial Cellulose Microcrystal (BCMC): Variasi Konsentrasi
Matriks, Filler, dan Waktu Sonikasi. Skripsi. Jurusan Kimia Fakultas
Teknik Universitas Indonesia.
Nurhasni, H. dan Nubzah Saniyyah. 2012. Penyerapan Ion Logam Cd dan Cr
dalam Air Limbah Menggunakan Sekam Padi. Jurnal Penelitian. Jakarta:
FST UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Ohwoavworhua, F. O., Adelakun, T. A.2005. Some Physical Characteristics of
Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Raw Cotton of Cochlospermum
planchonii. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Nigeria.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Park, Kinam, et al.1993. Biodegradable Hydrogels for Drug Delivery.
Pennsylvania: Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.
Patrulea, V., Negrulescu, A., Mincea, M. M., Pitulice, l. D., Spiridon, O. B.,
Ostafe, V.2013. Optimization of the Removal of Copper(II) Ions from
Aqueous Solution on Chitosan and Cross-Linked Chitosan Beads.
Bioresources Technology.
Quek, S. Y.1998. The Use of Sago Waste for the Sorption of Lead and Cooper,
Water SA, vol. 24, no. 33, pp 251-256.
Robert, G. A. Y., 1992. Chitin Chemistry.London. The MacMillan Press.
Rohman, Abdul. 2007. Kimia Farmasi Analisis. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.
Rojas, J. And Eduardo A.2011.Functionalization And Crosslinking of
Microcrystalline Cellulose in Aqueous Media: A safe And Economic
Approach.Columbia. ISSN 0976-044X.
Rowe, R.C., Sheskey, P.J., and Quinn, M.E. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical
Excipients. Edisi keenam. London: Pharmaceutical Press. Hal. 129 – 133,
136 – 138.
Setyaningtyas, T. 2000. Karakteristik Adsorpsi Kation Kadmium (II), Tembaga
(II), Seng (II) dan Besi (II) Pada 2,5-dimerkapto-1,3,4-tiadiazol yang
diimpregnasikan Pada Tanah Diatomeae. Thesis. UGM Yogyakarta.
Singh, A., Narvi, S.S, Dutta, P.K., Pandey, N.D. 2005. External Stimuli Response
on A Novel Chitosan Hydrogel Crosslinked With Formaldehyde. Bull
Mater Sci, 29, 233-238.
Stevens, M.P. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta: PT Pradnya
Paramita.177.597.
Stuart, B.H.2004. Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals And Applications. John
Wiley & Sons Ltd. England.
Wan Ngah, W.S.2002.Removal Copper(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto
Chitosan and Cross-linked Chitosan Beads. Reactive and Functional
Polymers. Vol. 50.
Wegener, D. 1985. Wood: Kimia Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-Reaksi. Yogyakarta:
Gadjah Mada University.
Weska, R. F. 2006, Optimization Of Deasetylation In The Production Of Chitosan
From Shrimp Waste: Use Of Response Surface Methodology. Jurnal Of
Food Engineering 80 (2007) 794-753.
Wibisono, I., Hugo, L., dkk. 2011. Pembuatan Pulp dari Alang-Alang, Vol. 10,
No. 1, Hal 11-20. Surabaya: Fakultas teknik Jurusan Teknik Kimia
Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya.
Winarno, F. G.1993. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Abdel-Mohzen, A. M., Aly, A. S., Hardina, R., Montaser, A. S., Hebeish, A.2011.
Eco-Synthesis of PVA/Chitosan Hydrogels for Biomedical Application. J
Polym Environ, 19 : 1005-1012.
Adarsh, K.J. 2014. A Comparative Study on Metal Adsorption Properties of
Different Forms of Chitosan. IJIRSET. ISSN: 2319-8753.
Adel,
A.M.,
Z.H.A.
El-Wahab,
A.A.Ibrahim,
and
M.T.
AlShemy.2011.Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Prepared from
Lignocellulosic Materials, Part II: Physicochemical properties,
Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol 83, pp 676-687.
Aly, A. S.(1998). Self-dissolving Chitosan. I. Preparation and Characterisation
and Evaluation for Drug Delivery System. Angew Macromolecular
Chemistry, 259 : 33-38.
Astuti, B.C. 2008. Pengembangan Edible Film Kitosan dengan Penambahan
Asam Lemak dan Essensial Oil: Upaya Perbaikan Sifat Barrier dan
Aktivitas Antimikroba. Bogor. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Bai, R., Li, N.2005. Novel Chitosan-Cellulose Hydrogel Adsorbents for Lead
Adsorption. Environment Science Technology.
Balhal, D. K., and Gyanananth, G.2012. Removal Of Lead (II) From Aqueous
Solutions By Adsorption Onto Chitosan Beads. Cellulose Chemistry
And Technology.Cellulose Chem. Technol., 46 (1-2), 121-124.
Berg, J. C., and Bhosale, P.2010. Acoustic Spectroscopy for Colloids Dispersed in
A Polymer Gel System., Langmuir, 26, 14423-14426.
Bernaconi, G. 1995. Teknologi Kimia Bagian 2. PT. Prandnya Pramita. Jakarta.
Bilal, A. 2001. Equilibrum studies on adsorpstion of Cu(II) from aqueous solution
onto cellulose. Journal of colloid and interface science. 243. 81-84.
Braun, B., and Dorgan, J.R. 2009. Single-Step Method For The Isolation and
surface functionalization of Cellulosic Nanowhiskers. Biomacromolecules
10(2), 334-341.
Darmono. 1995. Logam dalam Sistem Biologi Hidup. UI-Press. Jakarta.
Fardiaz, D.1989.Hidrokoloid. Bogor : Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi,
Institut Pertanian Bogor. 30-35.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Febrisari, A. 2008. Pendayagunaan Tumbuhan Liar, Alang-Alang (Imperata
cylindrica) sebagai Softdrink Herbal dalam Rangka Optimalisasi
Lingkungan. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Fessenden, R.J. dan Joan S. Fessenden. 1986. Kimia Organik. Edisi Ketiga. Jilid
1. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Gea, S., Reynolds, C.T., Roohpour, N., Wirjosentono, B., Soykeabkaew, N.,
Bilotti, E., dan Peijs, T.2011. Investigation into the Structural,
Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Bacterial Cellulose
after a Two-Step Purification Process. Bioresource Technology. 102:
9105-9110.
Hendayana, S., A. Kadarohman, A., A., & Sumarna, A., S. 1994. Kimia Analitik
Instrumen. Semarang : IKIP Semarang Press.
Hennik, W. E., Nostrum, C. F. Van.2002. Novel Crosslinking Methods to Design
Hydrogels. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 54, 13-36
Herwanto, B. dan Eko. S. 2006. Adsorpsi Ion Logam Pb (II) pada Membran
Selulosa-Kitosan Terikat Silang.
Hutahahean, S.2001. Penggunaan Kitosan sebagai Penyerap Terhadap Logam
Zinkum (Zn2+) dan Logam Kromium dengan Metode Spektrofotometri
Serapan Atom. Skripsi Jurusan Kimia FMIPA USU. Medan.
Kaban, J. 2009. Modifikasi Kimia dari Kitosan dan Aplikasi Produk yang
Dihasilkan. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Kalita, R.D.2013. Extraction and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose
from fodder grass (setaria glauca L P Beauv). India. ScienceDirect 108,
85-89.
Keshk, S.M.A.S and M.A. Haija.2011. A New Method for Producing
Microcrystalline cellulose from Gluconacetobacter xylinus and Kenaf,
Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 84, pp 1301-1305.
Koo, O. M. Y., dan P.W. S. Heng. 2001. The Influence of Microcrystalline
Cellulose Grade on Shape Distributions of Pellets Produced by ExtrusionSpheronization. Department of Pharmacy, National University of
Singapore. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 49 (11): 1383-1387.
Kousalya, G.N., M.R.G.C. Sairam Sundaram, S. Meenakshi. 2010. Synthesis of
Nano-Hydroxyapatite Chitin/Chitosan Hybrid Biocomposite for the
Removal of Fe (III). Carbohydrate Polymer, 82, 594-599.
Kumar, Ravi, N., V., Majeti. 2000. A review of chitin and chitosan applications.
Reactive & Functional Polymers 46, 1-27.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lee, D. W., Lim, H., Chong, H. N., dan Shim, W. S. 2009. Advances in Chitosan
Material and its Hybrid Derivatives: A Review. The Open Biomaterials
Journal. (1): 10-20.
Librawati, T.P, 2005. Analisis Cemaran Pb pada Bawang Daun (Allium fistulosum
L)di Daerah Dieng Wonosobo, Skripsi, Fakultas Biologi Unsoed
Purwokerto.
Lin, S. And Lihui Chen. 2012. Preparation And Characterization of
Chitosan/Cellulose Blend Films Using ZnCl2.3H2O As A Solvent. China.
Bioresources 7(4), 5488-5499
McKay, G., Blair, H. S. and Findon, A.1989. Equilibrium studies for the sorption
of metal ions onto chitosan, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 28A, No. 2, 356.
Mc.Cabe, W., Julian, S., and Harriot P. 1999. Operasi Teknik Kimia. Jilid 2.
Erlangga. Jakarta.
Metcalf and Eddy. 1979. Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal Reuse. McGraw Hill Ed.
Moenandir, J. 1988. Pengantar Ilmu dan Pengendalian Gulma. Rajawali Press:
Jakarta.
Muzzarelli RA A. 1985. New derivatives of chitin and chitosan: properties and
Applications. Di dalam Croscenz V, Dead ICM, Stivala SS (eds.). New
developments in industrial polysaccharides. gordon and beach science
Publ. New York.
Nazzal, S., A. A. Zaghloul., dan M.A. Khan. 2002. Effect of Extragranular
Microcrystalline Cellulose on Compaction, Surface Roughness, and In
Vitro Dissolution of a Self- Nanoemulsified Solid Dosage Form of
Ubiquinone. Pharmaceutical Technology. 86-98.
Ningwulan, M.P.S. 2012. Pembuatan Biokomposit Edible Film dari
Gelatin/Bacterial Cellulose Microcrystal (BCMC): Variasi Konsentrasi
Matriks, Filler, dan Waktu Sonikasi. Skripsi. Jurusan Kimia Fakultas
Teknik Universitas Indonesia.
Nurhasni, H. dan Nubzah Saniyyah. 2012. Penyerapan Ion Logam Cd dan Cr
dalam Air Limbah Menggunakan Sekam Padi. Jurnal Penelitian. Jakarta:
FST UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Ohwoavworhua, F. O., Adelakun, T. A.2005. Some Physical Characteristics of
Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Raw Cotton of Cochlospermum
planchonii. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Nigeria.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Park, Kinam, et al.1993. Biodegradable Hydrogels for Drug Delivery.
Pennsylvania: Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.
Patrulea, V., Negrulescu, A., Mincea, M. M., Pitulice, l. D., Spiridon, O. B.,
Ostafe, V.2013. Optimization of the Removal of Copper(II) Ions from
Aqueous Solution on Chitosan and Cross-Linked Chitosan Beads.
Bioresources Technology.
Quek, S. Y.1998. The Use of Sago Waste for the Sorption of Lead and Cooper,
Water SA, vol. 24, no. 33, pp 251-256.
Robert, G. A. Y., 1992. Chitin Chemistry.London. The MacMillan Press.
Rohman, Abdul. 2007. Kimia Farmasi Analisis. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.
Rojas, J. And Eduardo A.2011.Functionalization And Crosslinking of
Microcrystalline Cellulose in Aqueous Media: A safe And Economic
Approach.Columbia. ISSN 0976-044X.
Rowe, R.C., Sheskey, P.J., and Quinn, M.E. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical
Excipients. Edisi keenam. London: Pharmaceutical Press. Hal. 129 – 133,
136 – 138.
Setyaningtyas, T. 2000. Karakteristik Adsorpsi Kation Kadmium (II), Tembaga
(II), Seng (II) dan Besi (II) Pada 2,5-dimerkapto-1,3,4-tiadiazol yang
diimpregnasikan Pada Tanah Diatomeae. Thesis. UGM Yogyakarta.
Singh, A., Narvi, S.S, Dutta, P.K., Pandey, N.D. 2005. External Stimuli Response
on A Novel Chitosan Hydrogel Crosslinked With Formaldehyde. Bull
Mater Sci, 29, 233-238.
Stevens, M.P. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta: PT Pradnya
Paramita.177.597.
Stuart, B.H.2004. Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals And Applications. John
Wiley & Sons Ltd. England.
Wan Ngah, W.S.2002.Removal Copper(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto
Chitosan and Cross-linked Chitosan Beads. Reactive and Functional
Polymers. Vol. 50.
Wegener, D. 1985. Wood: Kimia Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-Reaksi. Yogyakarta:
Gadjah Mada University.
Weska, R. F. 2006, Optimization Of Deasetylation In The Production Of Chitosan
From Shrimp Waste: Use Of Response Surface Methodology. Jurnal Of
Food Engineering 80 (2007) 794-753.
Wibisono, I., Hugo, L., dkk. 2011. Pembuatan Pulp dari Alang-Alang, Vol. 10,
No. 1, Hal 11-20. Surabaya: Fakultas teknik Jurusan Teknik Kimia
Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya.
Winarno, F. G.1993. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Universitas Sumatera Utara