Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Penerapan K3 di Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Medika Medan Tahun 2016

ABSTRAK

Pekerja rumah sakit berisiko lebih besar mengalami kecelakaan dan penyakit
akibat kerja dibandingkan industri lain. Masalah penelitian ialah penerapan
Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Rumah Sakit (K3RS) belum optimal. Tujuan
penelitian ialah untuk menganalisis faktor psikologis (keyakinan dan persepsi),
perilaku (pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan), serta organisasi (kebijakan, SPO, dan
kepemimpinan) yang memengaruhi penerapan K3RS.
Jenis penelitian adalah survei dengan pendekatan explanatory research.
Populasi adalah seluruh petugas pelaksana sebanyak 217 orang dan jumlah sampel
100 orang di RSU. Mitra Medika, Medan. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan
observasi tindakan. Data univariat dan bivariat dianalisis dengan menggunakan chisquare sedangkan data multivariat menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda pada taraf
kemaknaan 95%.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan K3RS baik (49%) dan tidak baik
(51%). Hasil dari uji menunjukkan semua faktor diatas, kecuali faktor persepsi dan
kebijakan memengaruhi penerapan K3RS. Tindakan merupakan faktor yang paling
dominan dengan koefisien sebesar 0,247.
Untuk mengoptimalkan penerapan K3RS, maka disarankan manajemen tetap
berkomitmen kontinu menyediakan sumber daya; menerapkan sistem bottom-up
dalam perencanaan dan penerapan; meningkatkan segala bentuk komunikasi,
informasi dan edukasi; menerapkan program behavioral-based safety dan budaya

safety talk; menyesuaikan kembali beban kerja; serta melakukan pemantauan
terhadap petugas pelaksana dan kepala instalasi/bagian. Selain itu, dokumen SPO
harus dipraktiskan dan disediakan di setiap instalasi/bagian.

Kata Kunci : Psikologis, Perilaku, Organisasi, Penerapan K3RS

i
Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT

The hospital workers were at greater risk of having accidents and
occupational diseases than other industries. The research problem was the
application of Hospital Occupational Health and Safety (HOHS) was not optimized.
The objective of the research was to analyze psychological factors (beliefs and
perceptions), behavioral factors (knowledge, attitudes, and actions), and
organizational factors (policies, SOPs, and leadership) which influenced the
application of HOHS.
The research was a survey with an explanatory research method. The
population was 217 executive officers, and 100 samples at Mitra Medika Hospital,

Medan. The data were gathered by using questionnaires and observation of action.
The univariate and bivariate data were analyzed with chi-square test, while the
multivariate data was analyzed with multiple linear regression test at the significance
level of 95%.
The result of the research showed that the application of HOHS was good
(49%) and not good (51%). The test of the results showed all of the above factors,
except the perceptions and policies factors influencing the application of HOHS. The
action was the most dominant factor with a coefficient of 0,247.
It was recommended that, to optimize the application of HOHS, the
management commit to continuously provide resources; to apply bottom-up system in
planning and applying; to increase all kinds of communication, information, and
education; to apply the behavioral-based safety program and safety talk culture; to
re-adjust the work load; as well as to monitor executive officers and department
heads. Besides that, SOP documents should be practiced and provided in each
department.

Keywords: Psychological, Behavior, Organizational, HOHS Application

ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara