Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh Dengan Kecepatan Aliran Darah Otak Pada Penderita Stroke Iskemik, Hipertensi Dan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dengan Menggunakan Transcranial Doppler
89
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Alexandrov A., V., Neumyer M., M., 2004. Intracranial cerebrovascular
ultrasound examination techniques. In : Alexandrov AV.
Cerebrovascular ultrasound in stroke prevention and treatment.
Blackwell publishing.
Becker, J.U., Wira, C.R., Arnold, J.L. 2010. Stroke, Ischemic.
Available from : http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793904.
Beevers, G., Lip, G.Y.H., Brien, E.O., 2001. ABC of Hypertension : The
Patophysiology of Hypertension. BMJ. 322:912-916
Bigaard, J., Spanggaard, I., Thomsen, B.L., Overvad, K., Tjonneland, A.,
2005.
Self-reported
and
technician-measured
waist
circumferences differ in middle-aged men and women. The
Journal of Nutrition. 135(9): 2263-70
Bos, M.J., Koudstaal, P.J., Hofman, A., Witterman, J.C.M., Breteler,
M.M.B., 2007. Transcranial Doppler Hemodynamic Parameters
and Risk of Stroke : the Rotterdam study. Stroke; a journal of
cerebral circulation. 38(9):2453-8
Brown, C,M., Marthol, H., Zikeli, U., Ziegler, D., Hilz, M,J. 2008. A Simple
Deep Breating Test Reveals Altered Cerebral Autoregulation in
Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Diabetologia. 51(5):756-761
Caplan L.R. 2009. Caplan’s Stroke : A Clinical Approach. 3rd ed.
Butterworth-Heinemann. Boston
D’Adamo, E., Caprio, S., 2011. Type 2 Diabetes in Youth : Epidemiology
and Pathophysiology. Diabetes Care. 34(2):161-5
Demirkaya, S., Uluc, K., Bek, S., Vural, O., 2008. Normal Blood Flow
Velocities of Basal Cerebral Arteries Decrease with Advancing
Age : A Transcranial Doppler Sonography Study. The Tohoku
journal of experimental medicine. 214(2):145-9
Universitas Sumatera Utara
90
Dikanovic, M., Hozo, I., Kokic, S., Titlic, M., Jandric, M., Balen, I., et al,
2005. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound assessment of intracranial
hemodynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of
Saudi medicine, 25(6):486–8
Duncan, J.S., Duncan, E.K., Schofield, G., 2009. Accuracy of body mass
index (BMI) thresholds for predicting excess body fat in girls from
five ethnicities. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 18(3):
404-11
Farhoudi, M., Mehrvar, K., Aslanabadi, N., Ghabili, K., Baghmishe, N.R.,
Likhchoei, F., 2011. Doppler Study of Cerebral Arteries in
Hypercholesterolemia. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
7:203-7
Ferrara, A., Mancini, M., Iannuzzi, R., Marotta, T., Gaeta, I., Pasanisi, F.,
et al, 1995. Carotid Diameter and Blood Flow Felocities in Cerebal
Circulation in Hypertensive Patients. Stroke. 26:418-421
Howard G., Howard F.G. 2009. Stroke Epidemiology. In : Goldstein L.B.
(eds). A Primer on Stroke Prevention and Treatment, an Overview
based on AHA/ASA Guidelines. P: 3-10. Wiley-Blackwell. USA.
Hussein, O., Kandeel, W,A., Abd Elghany, A,F., Youssif, S,Y. 2012.
Relation between Obesity and Ischaemic Stroke Using Multislice
CT. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 8(1):200-206
Isikay, C.T., Uzuner, N., Gucuyener, D., Ozdemir, G., 2005. The Effect of
Hematocrit and Age on Transcranial Doppler Measurement in
Patients with Recent Ischemic Stroke. Neurology India. 53(1):51-4
Jotic, A., Sternic, N.C., Kostic, V.S., Lalic, K., Milicic, T., Mijajlovic, M., et
al., 2013. Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Stroke :
Decrease Insulin Sensitivity and Decrease in Antioxidant Enzyme
Activity are Related to Different Stroke Subtype. International
Journal of Endocrinology.
Kaku, K., 2010. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment
Policy . Journal of the Japan Medical Association. 53(1):41-46
Universitas Sumatera Utara
91
Kassab, M.Y., Majid, A., Farooq, M.U., Azhary, H., Hershey, L., A.,
Bednarczyk, E., M., et al., 2007. Transcranial Doppler: an
introduction for primary care physicians. Journal of the American
Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 20(1):65–71.
Kernan, W.N., Inzucchi, S.E., Sawan, C., Macko, R.F., Furie, K.L. 2012.
Obesity : A Stubbornly Obvious Target for Stroke Prevention.
Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 44(1):278-86
Konsensus Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di
Indonesia. 2011. Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia
Lengyel, S. 2012. The Adolescent white-coat hypertension and the
correlation with cerebrovascular target-organ damage. Short
Thesis for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of
Debrecen.
Levi, C.R., 2001. Transcranial Ultrasound – Clinical Application in Cerebral
Ischaemia. Aust. Prescr. 24(6):137-40
Lupetin, A.R., Davis, D.A., Beckman, I., Dash, N., 1995. Transcranial
Sonography Doppler. Radiographics. 15:179-191
Macko, R., F., Ameriso, S., F., Akmal, M., Paganini-Hill, A., Mohler, J., G.,
Massry, S., G., et al., 1993. Arterial oxygen content and age are
determinants of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity. Stroke.
24:1025-8
Mikulik R., Alexandrov A.V., 2006. Acute Stroke: Therapeutic Transcranial
Doppler
Sonography.
Handbook
on
Neurovascular
Ultrasound.21:150-161
Misbach J. 2007. Pandangan Umum Mengenai Stroke. Dalam : Rasyid,
A. dan Soertidewi, L. (eds). Unit Stroke. Manajemen Stroke
Secara Komprehensif. Hal 1-9. Balai Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia. Jakarta
Modul Neurovaskular. 2009. Program Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis
Neurologi. Kolegium Neurologi Indonesia. PERDOSSI
Universitas Sumatera Utara
92
Nasution D. 2007. Strategi Pencegahan Stroke Primer. Pidato
Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Tetap Neurologi FK USU.
Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. 2002. The Practical Guide :
Identification, Evaluation and Treatment of Overweight and
Obesity in Adults.
Available at :
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/practgde.htm.2002
Nemati, M., Bavil, A.S., Taheri, N., 2009. Comparison of Normal Values of
Duplex Indices of Vertebral Arteries in Young and Elderly adults.
Cardiovascular Ultrasound. 7:2
Novak, V., Last, D., Alsop, D.C., Abdul Jalil, A.M., Hu, K., Lepicovsky, L.,
et al., 2006. Cerebral blood flow velocity and periventricular white
matter hyperintensities in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care,
29(7):1529–34.
Oparil, S., Zaman, M.A., Calhoun, D.A., 2003. Review Pathogenesis of
Hypertension. Annals of Internal Medicine. 139:761-776
Park, J.S., Kim, C.S., Kim, H.J., Nam, J.S., Noh, T.W., Ahn, C.W., et al.,
2006. Relation between Cerebral Arterial Pulsatility and Insulin
Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Korean Diabetes Assoc.
30(5):347-354.
Rahajeng, E., Tuminah, S., 2009. Prevalensi Hipertensi
Determinannya di Indonesia. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia
dan
Sacco, R.L., Kasner, S.E., Broderick, J.P., Caplan, L.R., Connors, J.J.,
Culebras, A., et al., 2013. An Update Definition of Stroke for The
21st Century: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from The
American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. Stroke.
44: 2064-2089.
Sjahrir, H., 2003. Stroke Iskemik. Yandira Agung. Medan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
93
Selim, M., Jones, R., Novak, P., Zhao, P., Novak, V., 2008. The Effect of
Body Mass Index On Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity. Clinical
autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic
Research Society. 18(6):331-8
Seo, W., K., Park, M., H., Oh, K., Yu, S., W., Koh, S., B., Park, K., W.,
2009. Regional Arterial Stiffness is Inversely Correlated with Flow
Velocity in the MCA on Transcranial Dopples Sonography. Journal
of Neurosonology. 1(1):39-45
Smith, M., M., Minson, C., T., 2012. Obesity and Adipokines : Effect on
Sympathetic Overactivity. J Physiol. 590(8);1787-1801
Syme P., D., 2006. The Use of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography as A
‘Cerebral Stethoscope’ for The Assessment and Treatment of
Acute Stroke. JR Coll Physicians Edinburgh. 36:17-28
The Sevent Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,
Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
(JNC 7). 2004
Tsivgoulis, G., Sharma, V.K., Lao, A.Y., Malkoff, M.D., Alexandrov, A.V.,
2007. Validation of Transcranial Doppler with Computed
Tomography Angiography in Acute Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke; a
journal of cerebral circulation. 38(4):1245-9
Velcheva, I., Damianov, P., Antonova, N., Stoyneva, Z., Mantarova, S.,
Dimitrova, V. 2012. Hemorheology and Vascular Reactivity in
Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. University Hospital St.Ivan
Rilsky, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
Wijnhoud, A.D., 2012. The Clinical Value of Transcranial Doppler
Ultrasonography in Patients with a Recent TIA or Non-Disabling
Ischaemic Stroke. Erasmus University Rotterdam
Williams P., L., 2008. Gray’s Anatomy : The Anatomical Basis of Medicine
and Surgery. Ed 40th. British Edition
Universitas Sumatera Utara
94
Zaki, M.A., Abdallah, F., Abdelalim, A.M., 2011. Cerebral Hemodynamics
in Hypertension : A Transcranial Duplex Study. Egypt J Neurol
Psychiat Neurosurg. 48(3):277–284
Zhang, P., Huang, Y., Li, Y., Lu, M., Wu, Y., 2006. A large-scale study on
relationship between cerebral blood flow velocity and blood
pressure in a natural population. Journal of human hypertension.
20(10):742–8
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Alexandrov A., V., Neumyer M., M., 2004. Intracranial cerebrovascular
ultrasound examination techniques. In : Alexandrov AV.
Cerebrovascular ultrasound in stroke prevention and treatment.
Blackwell publishing.
Becker, J.U., Wira, C.R., Arnold, J.L. 2010. Stroke, Ischemic.
Available from : http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793904.
Beevers, G., Lip, G.Y.H., Brien, E.O., 2001. ABC of Hypertension : The
Patophysiology of Hypertension. BMJ. 322:912-916
Bigaard, J., Spanggaard, I., Thomsen, B.L., Overvad, K., Tjonneland, A.,
2005.
Self-reported
and
technician-measured
waist
circumferences differ in middle-aged men and women. The
Journal of Nutrition. 135(9): 2263-70
Bos, M.J., Koudstaal, P.J., Hofman, A., Witterman, J.C.M., Breteler,
M.M.B., 2007. Transcranial Doppler Hemodynamic Parameters
and Risk of Stroke : the Rotterdam study. Stroke; a journal of
cerebral circulation. 38(9):2453-8
Brown, C,M., Marthol, H., Zikeli, U., Ziegler, D., Hilz, M,J. 2008. A Simple
Deep Breating Test Reveals Altered Cerebral Autoregulation in
Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Diabetologia. 51(5):756-761
Caplan L.R. 2009. Caplan’s Stroke : A Clinical Approach. 3rd ed.
Butterworth-Heinemann. Boston
D’Adamo, E., Caprio, S., 2011. Type 2 Diabetes in Youth : Epidemiology
and Pathophysiology. Diabetes Care. 34(2):161-5
Demirkaya, S., Uluc, K., Bek, S., Vural, O., 2008. Normal Blood Flow
Velocities of Basal Cerebral Arteries Decrease with Advancing
Age : A Transcranial Doppler Sonography Study. The Tohoku
journal of experimental medicine. 214(2):145-9
Universitas Sumatera Utara
90
Dikanovic, M., Hozo, I., Kokic, S., Titlic, M., Jandric, M., Balen, I., et al,
2005. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound assessment of intracranial
hemodynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of
Saudi medicine, 25(6):486–8
Duncan, J.S., Duncan, E.K., Schofield, G., 2009. Accuracy of body mass
index (BMI) thresholds for predicting excess body fat in girls from
five ethnicities. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 18(3):
404-11
Farhoudi, M., Mehrvar, K., Aslanabadi, N., Ghabili, K., Baghmishe, N.R.,
Likhchoei, F., 2011. Doppler Study of Cerebral Arteries in
Hypercholesterolemia. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
7:203-7
Ferrara, A., Mancini, M., Iannuzzi, R., Marotta, T., Gaeta, I., Pasanisi, F.,
et al, 1995. Carotid Diameter and Blood Flow Felocities in Cerebal
Circulation in Hypertensive Patients. Stroke. 26:418-421
Howard G., Howard F.G. 2009. Stroke Epidemiology. In : Goldstein L.B.
(eds). A Primer on Stroke Prevention and Treatment, an Overview
based on AHA/ASA Guidelines. P: 3-10. Wiley-Blackwell. USA.
Hussein, O., Kandeel, W,A., Abd Elghany, A,F., Youssif, S,Y. 2012.
Relation between Obesity and Ischaemic Stroke Using Multislice
CT. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 8(1):200-206
Isikay, C.T., Uzuner, N., Gucuyener, D., Ozdemir, G., 2005. The Effect of
Hematocrit and Age on Transcranial Doppler Measurement in
Patients with Recent Ischemic Stroke. Neurology India. 53(1):51-4
Jotic, A., Sternic, N.C., Kostic, V.S., Lalic, K., Milicic, T., Mijajlovic, M., et
al., 2013. Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Stroke :
Decrease Insulin Sensitivity and Decrease in Antioxidant Enzyme
Activity are Related to Different Stroke Subtype. International
Journal of Endocrinology.
Kaku, K., 2010. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment
Policy . Journal of the Japan Medical Association. 53(1):41-46
Universitas Sumatera Utara
91
Kassab, M.Y., Majid, A., Farooq, M.U., Azhary, H., Hershey, L., A.,
Bednarczyk, E., M., et al., 2007. Transcranial Doppler: an
introduction for primary care physicians. Journal of the American
Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 20(1):65–71.
Kernan, W.N., Inzucchi, S.E., Sawan, C., Macko, R.F., Furie, K.L. 2012.
Obesity : A Stubbornly Obvious Target for Stroke Prevention.
Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 44(1):278-86
Konsensus Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di
Indonesia. 2011. Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia
Lengyel, S. 2012. The Adolescent white-coat hypertension and the
correlation with cerebrovascular target-organ damage. Short
Thesis for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of
Debrecen.
Levi, C.R., 2001. Transcranial Ultrasound – Clinical Application in Cerebral
Ischaemia. Aust. Prescr. 24(6):137-40
Lupetin, A.R., Davis, D.A., Beckman, I., Dash, N., 1995. Transcranial
Sonography Doppler. Radiographics. 15:179-191
Macko, R., F., Ameriso, S., F., Akmal, M., Paganini-Hill, A., Mohler, J., G.,
Massry, S., G., et al., 1993. Arterial oxygen content and age are
determinants of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity. Stroke.
24:1025-8
Mikulik R., Alexandrov A.V., 2006. Acute Stroke: Therapeutic Transcranial
Doppler
Sonography.
Handbook
on
Neurovascular
Ultrasound.21:150-161
Misbach J. 2007. Pandangan Umum Mengenai Stroke. Dalam : Rasyid,
A. dan Soertidewi, L. (eds). Unit Stroke. Manajemen Stroke
Secara Komprehensif. Hal 1-9. Balai Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia. Jakarta
Modul Neurovaskular. 2009. Program Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis
Neurologi. Kolegium Neurologi Indonesia. PERDOSSI
Universitas Sumatera Utara
92
Nasution D. 2007. Strategi Pencegahan Stroke Primer. Pidato
Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru Besar Tetap Neurologi FK USU.
Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. 2002. The Practical Guide :
Identification, Evaluation and Treatment of Overweight and
Obesity in Adults.
Available at :
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/practgde.htm.2002
Nemati, M., Bavil, A.S., Taheri, N., 2009. Comparison of Normal Values of
Duplex Indices of Vertebral Arteries in Young and Elderly adults.
Cardiovascular Ultrasound. 7:2
Novak, V., Last, D., Alsop, D.C., Abdul Jalil, A.M., Hu, K., Lepicovsky, L.,
et al., 2006. Cerebral blood flow velocity and periventricular white
matter hyperintensities in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care,
29(7):1529–34.
Oparil, S., Zaman, M.A., Calhoun, D.A., 2003. Review Pathogenesis of
Hypertension. Annals of Internal Medicine. 139:761-776
Park, J.S., Kim, C.S., Kim, H.J., Nam, J.S., Noh, T.W., Ahn, C.W., et al.,
2006. Relation between Cerebral Arterial Pulsatility and Insulin
Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Korean Diabetes Assoc.
30(5):347-354.
Rahajeng, E., Tuminah, S., 2009. Prevalensi Hipertensi
Determinannya di Indonesia. Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia
dan
Sacco, R.L., Kasner, S.E., Broderick, J.P., Caplan, L.R., Connors, J.J.,
Culebras, A., et al., 2013. An Update Definition of Stroke for The
21st Century: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from The
American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. Stroke.
44: 2064-2089.
Sjahrir, H., 2003. Stroke Iskemik. Yandira Agung. Medan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
93
Selim, M., Jones, R., Novak, P., Zhao, P., Novak, V., 2008. The Effect of
Body Mass Index On Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity. Clinical
autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic
Research Society. 18(6):331-8
Seo, W., K., Park, M., H., Oh, K., Yu, S., W., Koh, S., B., Park, K., W.,
2009. Regional Arterial Stiffness is Inversely Correlated with Flow
Velocity in the MCA on Transcranial Dopples Sonography. Journal
of Neurosonology. 1(1):39-45
Smith, M., M., Minson, C., T., 2012. Obesity and Adipokines : Effect on
Sympathetic Overactivity. J Physiol. 590(8);1787-1801
Syme P., D., 2006. The Use of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography as A
‘Cerebral Stethoscope’ for The Assessment and Treatment of
Acute Stroke. JR Coll Physicians Edinburgh. 36:17-28
The Sevent Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,
Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
(JNC 7). 2004
Tsivgoulis, G., Sharma, V.K., Lao, A.Y., Malkoff, M.D., Alexandrov, A.V.,
2007. Validation of Transcranial Doppler with Computed
Tomography Angiography in Acute Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke; a
journal of cerebral circulation. 38(4):1245-9
Velcheva, I., Damianov, P., Antonova, N., Stoyneva, Z., Mantarova, S.,
Dimitrova, V. 2012. Hemorheology and Vascular Reactivity in
Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. University Hospital St.Ivan
Rilsky, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
Wijnhoud, A.D., 2012. The Clinical Value of Transcranial Doppler
Ultrasonography in Patients with a Recent TIA or Non-Disabling
Ischaemic Stroke. Erasmus University Rotterdam
Williams P., L., 2008. Gray’s Anatomy : The Anatomical Basis of Medicine
and Surgery. Ed 40th. British Edition
Universitas Sumatera Utara
94
Zaki, M.A., Abdallah, F., Abdelalim, A.M., 2011. Cerebral Hemodynamics
in Hypertension : A Transcranial Duplex Study. Egypt J Neurol
Psychiat Neurosurg. 48(3):277–284
Zhang, P., Huang, Y., Li, Y., Lu, M., Wu, Y., 2006. A large-scale study on
relationship between cerebral blood flow velocity and blood
pressure in a natural population. Journal of human hypertension.
20(10):742–8
Universitas Sumatera Utara