Pemeriksaan Kontaminasi Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada Seragam Dokter Muda yang Bertugas di ICU Dewasa RSVP H. Adam Malik Medan
38
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Assani, S. 2010. Ultrastruktur, Morfologi dan Pewarnaan Kuman. Dalam:
Syahrurachman et al., Buku Ajar Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Edisi Revisi.
Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara, 24-32.
Banu, A., Anand, M., and Nagi, N. 2012. White Coats as a Vehicle for Bacterial
Dissemination.
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471503/
[Accessed
28
Maret 2015].
Brooks, G.F., Butel, J.S., and Morse, S.A. 2001. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran
Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg. Edisi 22. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Darmadi. 2008. Infeksi Nosokomial: Problematika dan Pengendaliannya . Jakarta:
Salemba Medika.
Ducel, G., Fabry, J., and Nicolle, L. 2002. Prevention of Hospital –Acquired
Infections: A Practical Guide. 2nd edition. World Health Organization:
Department of Communicable Disease, Surveillance and Response.
Available
from:
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/whocdscsreph200212.pdf
[Accessed 29 Maret 2015].
Dzen et al. 2003. Bakteriologi Medik. Malang: Bayumedia.
Gillespie, S.H. & Bamford, K.B. 2007. At a Glance Mikrobiologi Medis dan
Infeksi. Edisi ketiga. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Ginting, Y. 2001. Pencegahan Infeksi Nosokomial. Dalam: Piliang, S., Susanto,
E., dan Mardianto. 2001. Buku Makalah Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan II
Universitas Sumatera Utara
39
Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran USU Tahun 2001 .
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan:96-107
Handiyani, H. & Megapurwara, Ns.Y. 2006. Hubungan Waktu Penggunaan
Seragam Klinik dengan Peningkatan Jumlah Mikroorganisme. Jurnal
Indonesia ,
Keperawatan
10
(1):
5-10.
Available
from:
http://jki.ui.ac.id/index.php/jki/article/view/166/pdf_88 [Accessed 5 April
2015].
Inweregbu, K., Dave, J., and Pittard, A. 2005. Nosocomial Infections. Continuing
Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain , 5 (1): 14-17. Available
from:
http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/14.full.pdf+html
[Accessed 1 April 2015].
Kareem, T.A., et al. 2014. Survey on Nosocomial Transmission Potential of White
Coats Worn by Medical Doctors in a Tertiary Health Care Center in
Nigeria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied
Sciences,
3
(4):
10-20.
Available
from:
https://unilorin.edu.ng/publications/uthmanmbb/Survey%20on%20nosoco
mial%20transmission%20potential%20of%20white%20coats%20worn%2
0by%20medical%20doctors.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2015].
Klein, E., Smith, D.L., and Laxminarayan, R. 2007. Hospitalization and Deaths
Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States,
1999-2005. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13 (12): 1840-1846. Available
from: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/12/pdfs/07-0629.pdf [Accessed
23 Mei 2015].
Mahmudah, R., Soleha, T.U., dan Ekowati, C.N. 2013. Identifikasi MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Pada Tenaga Medis dan
Paramedis di Ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU) dan Ruang Perawatan
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
Bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdul Moeloek. Medical Journal of
University,
Lampung
2
(4):
70-78.
Available
from:
http://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/majority/article/viewFile/64/6
3 [Accessed 21 April 2015].
Muhadi, S.A., Aznamshah, N.A., and Jahanfar, S. 2007. Short Communication: A
Cross Sectional Study of Microbial Contamination of Medical Students’
White Coat. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 3 (1): 35-38. Available
from: http://web.usm.my/mjm/issues/vol3no1/short3.pdf [Accessed 22
April 2015].
Nair, R., et al. 2013. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of
Staphylococcus aureus from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia . Available from:
https://peerj.com/articles/176.pdf [Accessed 23 Mei 2015].
Nasution, L.H. 2012. Infeksi Nosokomial. Media Dermato-Venereologica
Indonesiana ,
39
(1):
36-41.
Available
from:
http://perdoski.org/doc/mdvi/fulltext/20/115/Infeksi_Nososkomial_(3641).pdf [Accessed 29 Maret 2015].
Nguyen,
Q.V.
2006.
Hospital-Acquired
Infections.
Available
from:
http://yournutrition.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/health_care/03.pdf
[Accessed 1 April 2015].
Nurkusuma, D.D. 2009. Faktor
yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pada Kasus Infeksi
Luka Pasca Operasi di Ruang Perawatan Bedah Rumah Sakit Dokter
Kariadi Semarang. Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro
Semarang.
Available
from:
http://eprints.undip.ac.id/28863/1/Dudy_Disyadi_Nurkusuma_Tesis.pdf
[Accessed 15 April 2015].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
41
Pandjaitan, H.T.B. 2001. Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial. Dalam: Piliang, S.,
Susanto, E., dan Mardianto. 2001. Buku Makalah Pertemuan Ilmiah
Tahunan II Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas
Tahun
2001.
Fakultas
Kedokteran
Universitas
Kedokteran USU
Sumatera
Utara,
Medan:108-115
Parhusip. 2005. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Infeksi Nosokomial
Serta Pengendaliannya di BHG. UPF. Paru RS. Dr. Pirngadi/Lab.
Penyakit
Paru
Medan.
FK-USU
Available
from:
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/3455/1/paru-parhusip4.pdf
[Accessed 4 April 2015].
Pilonetto, M., et al. 2004. Hospital Gowns as a Vehicle for Bacterial
Dissemination in an Intensive Care Unit. The Brazilian Journal of
Infectious
Diseases,
8
(3):
206-210.
Available
from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjid/v8n3/21617.pdf [Accessed 1 April 2015].
Pottinger, P., Reller, L.B., and Ryan, K.J. 2014. Pathogenic Bacteria. In: Ryan,
K.J., and Ray, C.G., Sherris Medical Microbiology. Sixth Edition. United
States: McGraw-Hill.
Siswanto et al. 2014. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan dan Kedokteran.
Yogyakarta: Bursa Ilmu.
Spiritia. 2006. Infeksi Nosokomial dan Kewaspadaan Universal. Available from:
http://www.spiritia.or.id/cst/bacacst.php?artno=1043&menu=perawmenu
[Accessed 1 April 2015].
Sulistiyaningsih, Rr. 2010. Laporan Penelitian Mandiri: Uji Kepekaan Beberapa
Sediaan
Antiseptik Terhadap
Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan
Universitas Sumatera Utara
42
Staphylococcus
aureus
Padjadjaran.
Available
Resisten
from:
(MRSA),
Metisilin
Universitas
http://pustaka.unpad.ac.id/wp-
content/uploads/2010/11/uji_kepekaan_beberapa_sediaan_antiseptik_tdhp
_bakteri_resisten_metisilin.pdf [Accessed 21 April 2015].
Treakle, A.M., et al. 2010. Bacterial Contamination of Health Care Workers’
Coats.
White
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892863/
[Accessed
28
Maret 2015].
Uneke, C.J. and Ijeoma, P.A. 2010. The Potential for Nosocomial Infection
Transmission by White Coats Used by Physicians in Nigeria: Implications
for
Improved
Patient-Safety
Initiatives .
Available
from:
http://www.longwoods.com/content/21664 [Accessed 28 Maret 2015].
Warsa, U.C. 2010. Kokus Positif Gram. Dalam: Syahrurachman et al., Buku Ajar
Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara, 125-
150.
Yuwono. 2012. Mikrobiologi Penyakit Infeksi. Palembang: Departemen
Mikrobiologi FK Unsri. Available from: http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/1786/
[Accessed 17 April 2015].
Yuwono. 2012. Staphylococcus aureus dan Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA). Palembang: Departemen Mikrobiologi FK Unsri.
Available from: http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/1482/ [Accessed 17 April 2015].
Yuwono et al. 2011. Identifikasi Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus dengan Polymerase Chain
Reaction. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 43 (2): 60-65. Available from:
http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/1480/ [Accessed 17 April 2015].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
43
Yuwono. 2010. Pandemi Resistensi Antimikroba: Belajar dari MRSA. Jurnal
Kedokteran & Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRI, 42
(1): 2837-
2850. Available from: http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/1481/ [Accessed 17 April
2015].
Zulkarnain, I. 2009. Infeksi Nosokomial. Dalam: Sudoyo, A.W., et al. Buku Ajar
Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi 5. Jakarta: InternaPublishing, 2906-2910.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Assani, S. 2010. Ultrastruktur, Morfologi dan Pewarnaan Kuman. Dalam:
Syahrurachman et al., Buku Ajar Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Edisi Revisi.
Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara, 24-32.
Banu, A., Anand, M., and Nagi, N. 2012. White Coats as a Vehicle for Bacterial
Dissemination.
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471503/
[Accessed
28
Maret 2015].
Brooks, G.F., Butel, J.S., and Morse, S.A. 2001. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran
Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg. Edisi 22. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Darmadi. 2008. Infeksi Nosokomial: Problematika dan Pengendaliannya . Jakarta:
Salemba Medika.
Ducel, G., Fabry, J., and Nicolle, L. 2002. Prevention of Hospital –Acquired
Infections: A Practical Guide. 2nd edition. World Health Organization:
Department of Communicable Disease, Surveillance and Response.
Available
from:
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/whocdscsreph200212.pdf
[Accessed 29 Maret 2015].
Dzen et al. 2003. Bakteriologi Medik. Malang: Bayumedia.
Gillespie, S.H. & Bamford, K.B. 2007. At a Glance Mikrobiologi Medis dan
Infeksi. Edisi ketiga. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Ginting, Y. 2001. Pencegahan Infeksi Nosokomial. Dalam: Piliang, S., Susanto,
E., dan Mardianto. 2001. Buku Makalah Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan II
Universitas Sumatera Utara
39
Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran USU Tahun 2001 .
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan:96-107
Handiyani, H. & Megapurwara, Ns.Y. 2006. Hubungan Waktu Penggunaan
Seragam Klinik dengan Peningkatan Jumlah Mikroorganisme. Jurnal
Indonesia ,
Keperawatan
10
(1):
5-10.
Available
from:
http://jki.ui.ac.id/index.php/jki/article/view/166/pdf_88 [Accessed 5 April
2015].
Inweregbu, K., Dave, J., and Pittard, A. 2005. Nosocomial Infections. Continuing
Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain , 5 (1): 14-17. Available
from:
http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/14.full.pdf+html
[Accessed 1 April 2015].
Kareem, T.A., et al. 2014. Survey on Nosocomial Transmission Potential of White
Coats Worn by Medical Doctors in a Tertiary Health Care Center in
Nigeria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied
Sciences,
3
(4):
10-20.
Available
from:
https://unilorin.edu.ng/publications/uthmanmbb/Survey%20on%20nosoco
mial%20transmission%20potential%20of%20white%20coats%20worn%2
0by%20medical%20doctors.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2015].
Klein, E., Smith, D.L., and Laxminarayan, R. 2007. Hospitalization and Deaths
Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States,
1999-2005. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13 (12): 1840-1846. Available
from: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/12/pdfs/07-0629.pdf [Accessed
23 Mei 2015].
Mahmudah, R., Soleha, T.U., dan Ekowati, C.N. 2013. Identifikasi MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Pada Tenaga Medis dan
Paramedis di Ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU) dan Ruang Perawatan
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40
Bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdul Moeloek. Medical Journal of
University,
Lampung
2
(4):
70-78.
Available
from:
http://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/majority/article/viewFile/64/6
3 [Accessed 21 April 2015].
Muhadi, S.A., Aznamshah, N.A., and Jahanfar, S. 2007. Short Communication: A
Cross Sectional Study of Microbial Contamination of Medical Students’
White Coat. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 3 (1): 35-38. Available
from: http://web.usm.my/mjm/issues/vol3no1/short3.pdf [Accessed 22
April 2015].
Nair, R., et al. 2013. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of
Staphylococcus aureus from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia . Available from:
https://peerj.com/articles/176.pdf [Accessed 23 Mei 2015].
Nasution, L.H. 2012. Infeksi Nosokomial. Media Dermato-Venereologica
Indonesiana ,
39
(1):
36-41.
Available
from:
http://perdoski.org/doc/mdvi/fulltext/20/115/Infeksi_Nososkomial_(3641).pdf [Accessed 29 Maret 2015].
Nguyen,
Q.V.
2006.
Hospital-Acquired
Infections.
Available
from:
http://yournutrition.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/health_care/03.pdf
[Accessed 1 April 2015].
Nurkusuma, D.D. 2009. Faktor
yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pada Kasus Infeksi
Luka Pasca Operasi di Ruang Perawatan Bedah Rumah Sakit Dokter
Kariadi Semarang. Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro
Semarang.
Available
from:
http://eprints.undip.ac.id/28863/1/Dudy_Disyadi_Nurkusuma_Tesis.pdf
[Accessed 15 April 2015].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
41
Pandjaitan, H.T.B. 2001. Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial. Dalam: Piliang, S.,
Susanto, E., dan Mardianto. 2001. Buku Makalah Pertemuan Ilmiah
Tahunan II Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas
Tahun
2001.
Fakultas
Kedokteran
Universitas
Kedokteran USU
Sumatera
Utara,
Medan:108-115
Parhusip. 2005. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Infeksi Nosokomial
Serta Pengendaliannya di BHG. UPF. Paru RS. Dr. Pirngadi/Lab.
Penyakit
Paru
Medan.
FK-USU
Available
from:
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/3455/1/paru-parhusip4.pdf
[Accessed 4 April 2015].
Pilonetto, M., et al. 2004. Hospital Gowns as a Vehicle for Bacterial
Dissemination in an Intensive Care Unit. The Brazilian Journal of
Infectious
Diseases,
8
(3):
206-210.
Available
from:
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjid/v8n3/21617.pdf [Accessed 1 April 2015].
Pottinger, P., Reller, L.B., and Ryan, K.J. 2014. Pathogenic Bacteria. In: Ryan,
K.J., and Ray, C.G., Sherris Medical Microbiology. Sixth Edition. United
States: McGraw-Hill.
Siswanto et al. 2014. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan dan Kedokteran.
Yogyakarta: Bursa Ilmu.
Spiritia. 2006. Infeksi Nosokomial dan Kewaspadaan Universal. Available from:
http://www.spiritia.or.id/cst/bacacst.php?artno=1043&menu=perawmenu
[Accessed 1 April 2015].
Sulistiyaningsih, Rr. 2010. Laporan Penelitian Mandiri: Uji Kepekaan Beberapa
Sediaan
Antiseptik Terhadap
Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan
Universitas Sumatera Utara
42
Staphylococcus
aureus
Padjadjaran.
Available
Resisten
from:
(MRSA),
Metisilin
Universitas
http://pustaka.unpad.ac.id/wp-
content/uploads/2010/11/uji_kepekaan_beberapa_sediaan_antiseptik_tdhp
_bakteri_resisten_metisilin.pdf [Accessed 21 April 2015].
Treakle, A.M., et al. 2010. Bacterial Contamination of Health Care Workers’
Coats.
White
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892863/
[Accessed
28
Maret 2015].
Uneke, C.J. and Ijeoma, P.A. 2010. The Potential for Nosocomial Infection
Transmission by White Coats Used by Physicians in Nigeria: Implications
for
Improved
Patient-Safety
Initiatives .
Available
from:
http://www.longwoods.com/content/21664 [Accessed 28 Maret 2015].
Warsa, U.C. 2010. Kokus Positif Gram. Dalam: Syahrurachman et al., Buku Ajar
Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara, 125-
150.
Yuwono. 2012. Mikrobiologi Penyakit Infeksi. Palembang: Departemen
Mikrobiologi FK Unsri. Available from: http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/1786/
[Accessed 17 April 2015].
Yuwono. 2012. Staphylococcus aureus dan Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA). Palembang: Departemen Mikrobiologi FK Unsri.
Available from: http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/1482/ [Accessed 17 April 2015].
Yuwono et al. 2011. Identifikasi Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus dengan Polymerase Chain
Reaction. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 43 (2): 60-65. Available from:
http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/1480/ [Accessed 17 April 2015].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
43
Yuwono. 2010. Pandemi Resistensi Antimikroba: Belajar dari MRSA. Jurnal
Kedokteran & Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRI, 42
(1): 2837-
2850. Available from: http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/1481/ [Accessed 17 April
2015].
Zulkarnain, I. 2009. Infeksi Nosokomial. Dalam: Sudoyo, A.W., et al. Buku Ajar
Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi 5. Jakarta: InternaPublishing, 2906-2910.
Universitas Sumatera Utara