Definisi Computer Mediated Communication
Computer
mediated
communicat
ion
Komunikasi antar pribadi
1
Defnisi Computer Meediated
Communication
•
Cmc: komunikasi manusia yang terjadi melalui penggunaan
alat elektronik
•
Melalui format seperti instant messaging, email, chat rooms, dll
•
Dampak sosial yang terjadi akibat CMC.
2
3
DAMePAK CMeC
4
CMeC TOOLS
EMAIL
INSTANT MESSAGING
CHAT
BLOG
SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
MOBILE PHONE
5
CMeC AND INTERPERSONAL
COMeMeUNICATION
participati
on
usergenerated
content
online
sociability
interpersonal
communicati
on
6
ANALISIS KERJA CMeC
Digitalization and liberalization
economic growth
Modernization of information and infrastructure
innovation and difusion
(phone- or web-based) media
communication among smaller, more targeted
groups
7
Meedia Form
personal web pages
blogs, networking sites
online journalism
8
PERSONAL MeEDIA USAGE
presentation
al
• Menarik
perhatian
orang lain.
• Website,
blog
interactive
• Media
kontak,
koordinasi,
pribadi,
keluarga.
9
Instant
messaging
Email
ALATALAT
CMC
Chatting
Social
websites
Mobile
communicati
on
10
Pendekatan Teori Untuk
Teknologi, Meedia Dan Komunikasi
Anonimi
tas
Privasi
Waktu
Ruang
Jarak
11
Pola Komunikasi CMeC
Komunik
• Tidak langsung.
asi
Email, computer
asinkron
conference, dll
Komunik
ous
• Chatting, instant
asi
messaging
Sinkronu
s
• Online seminar,
Virtual
simulatio virtual feld trips,
virtual experiments.
n
12
Social Capital
•
Kapital sosial: sumber daya yang terakumulasi
akibat hubungan dengan orang lain ata kelompok.
•
Hubungan yang saling menguntungkan.
Misalnya mendapatkan pekerja atau kenaikan gaji.
Kerugian: mengurangi
tatap muka sehingga
social capital kurang.
Kelebihan:
interaksi online
menggantikan tatap muka.
13
Meodal sosial dan ikatan sosial
•
New media mendukung munculnya ikatan sosial.
•
Muncul akumulasi modal sosial melalui new media. Jaringan
hubungan lebih luas.
•
Eg: reunion, crowdfunding (koin untuk Prita), etc.
14
Virtual sociability (gaul sosial)
•
Kemampuan individu membentuk kelompok melintas ruang dan
waktu menggunakan CMC = chat rooms, BBS, multi user
context.
•
Harus ada participatory engagement.
•
Aktivitas partisipan.
•
Ada aturan, norma, dan nilai di dunia virtual.
•
Rekber, cod, panda, dll.
15
Pro dan kontra untuk Virtual
sociability
CMeC membuat
orang menjadi
miskin emosi dan
anti sosial
(Walther, Anderson,
and Park 1994),
Memiliki potensi
untuk memelihara
dan meningkatkan
komunikasi manusia
(Bell and Kennedy
2007).
16
Virtual sociability
technologic
al variables
• synchronicity, granularity, and
multimodality
social
variables
• the amount of time participants
spend online, the nature of
their relationship, and their
levels of motivation
Mediated
proximity
• lack of physical reality and
context. Communication and
events are removed from
objects, bodies, and faces.
17
self-disclosure and intimacy
online
greater
sense of
anonymity
or nonidentifabilit
y
a reduced
feeling of
vulnerability
and risk on
the part of
the
individuals
absence of
traditional
gating
features
such as
physical
appearance,
mannerisms,
apparent
social
stigmas such
as
stuttering,
or visible
shyness or
anxiety
prevent the
establishme
nt
of any
close
relationship
18
Online communications
make it easier for
users to fnd
others who share
our specialized
interests and
values, particularly
when there is a
lack of “real
world”
counterparts
users have more
control over one’s
side of the
interaction and
how one presents
oneself.
19
reducing
anxiety
creating
a secure
environm
ent
cutting
geographi
cal
distances
create
efective
inter-group
contact
signifcant
ly
lowering
costs
intimate
contact,
and
cooperati
on
creating
equal
status
20
Cyber crime
21
Cyber crime
potential
obstacles to
establishing a
contact in
cyberspace
uncertainty
about the
gender and age
of the contact
possibility of
becoming a
victim of
cybercrimes
such as
cybermobbing
22
23
pertanyaan diskusi kelompok
•
apakah yang dimaksud dengan modal sosial? bagaimanakah
peranan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi terhadap modal
sosial!
•
apakah yang dimaksud dengan gaul sosial? jelaskan hubungan
antara aturan, nilai, norma di dunia nyata dan dunia virtual
untuk pergaulan. berikan contoh
•
mengapa CMC membuat manusia menjadi miskin emosi dan
anti sosial? berikan solusinya.
•
jelakan apakah yang dimaksud dengan self disclosure dan
intimacy di dunia online? apakah ada masalah pada kedua
konsep tersebut
•
sebutkan tiga konsep yang ada pada cyber crime. berikan
contohnya dan solusinya!
24
to be
continued
25
Technicallymediated
communication:
Forms of text and
talk
26
E-mail
people who kept in
contact with those
closest to them via
e-mail also had
more frequent and
intense exchanges
on the telephone
with them
e-mail users
received more
support from their
contacts, and even
more so if they
used multiple new
media
27
E-mail can be characterized
as “text talk”;
users type words to
communicate via e-mail.
28
Negative and positive about
email
NEGATIVE
•
In the typed text of e-mail
which goes by situated
rule of conduct (Ziegler
and Durscheid 2002), other
people’s faces or voices
are lost
POSITIVE
•
creative means were
developed to make up for
this limitation, such as
secondary orality style of
writing (Koch and
Osterreicher 1985).
•
One graphically-realized
strategy is the use of so
called emoticons.
29
EMeOTICON
30
EMeAIL
•
Email: asynchronous. Time is
flexible. Minute, days,
months.
•
Carbon copy function as
feature to dyadic conversation
into a group.
•
Careful: conflicts. Eg. Prita
mulyasari.
31
EMeAIL SHORTCOMeINGS
•
the notion of social and
information overload:
•
people can be stressed by
the fast pace of incoming
messages which are sent by
diferent types of people with
many diferent agendas, and
are flled with all sorts of
information, some valuable,
some useless.
•
Missing face-to-face cues
makes e-mails potentially
ambiguous.
•
Even sophisticated e-mail
users might experience
miscommunication. Spam
32
Spam: a problem
•
An e-mail message is a record of an exchange that can be accessed by, forwarded to, or
unintentionally sent to a third party or an entire group of recipients.
•
E-mails now count as legal documents and can be treated as evidence in a court of law.
33
34
Chat communication
35
Chat communication
•
Chat rooms are forms of text-based communication that
allow individuals to interact with each other over the
internet.
•
casual face-to-face interactions and telephone conversations,
because it allows the exchange of short synchronous messages
in real time (Beiswenger 2001; Herring 2006).
•
lacking certain types of information, including physical
appearances and nonverbal cues.
36
•
Both visual anonymity and text-only communication
characterize chat communication and determine its
content.
•
chats are “written conversations”, applying verbal strategies
which can be characterized as secondary orality (Koch and
Osterreicher 1985).
•
to be a productive and creative form of technically-mediated
interpersonal exchange.
37
Instant messaging
38
Instant messaging
the ability to identify
who is connected to
the shared space
between or among
friends
the ability to conduct
a text-based
conversation in real
time
The feeling of
closeness enforced
by simultaneous
online presence and
the limited amount of
people participating
in a given
39
10/09/2018
40
Social networking sites
•
Social networking sites (SNSs) such as such as Facebook,
Friendster, MySpace, and the German StudiVZ, allow
individuals to present themselves, articulate their social
networks, and establish or maintain contact to others
(Lenhart and Madden 2007).
•
Social network sites enable individuals to articulate their
social connections visibly on the site, a practice that
supports individuals’ interest in pursuing self-presentational and
social goals.
•
Friends-links ofer users a variety of social contacts, allowing
them to explore and interact with a larger network via
profles and the communication tools they ofer.
41
Social networking sites
•
Facebook users engage more in “searching” for people with whom they
have an ofine connection already than in “browsing” for complete
strangers to meet (bigge 2006; boyd 2006).
•
But facebook has also been used for coordinating purposes by teachers in
classrooms as well as for self presentation and trust building (mazer,
murphy, and simonds 2007).
42
online social network sites
•
Online social network sites support both the maintenance of
existing social ties and the formation of new
connections.
•
Online identities tend to raise individual consciousness
insofar as they enforce additional self-refection.
•
The various risks, however, which users often take
unknowingly by uploading private photos (boyd 2006),
personal information and stories about intimate life
details, have been highly underestimated.
43
Meobile phone
communication
•
Ubiquity, accessibility, immediacy, intensity of interaction.
•
Third wave communication: GPS, digital photos, e-mail communication
•
SMS: reductive communication; creative language.
44
Gue : W, Wa, Q, Qu, G
Lo : U
Rumah : Humz, Hozz
Aja : Ja, Ajj
Yang : Iank/Iang, Eank/Eang (ada juga yang iiank/iiang)
Boleh : Leh
Baru : Ru
Ya/Iya : Yupz, Ia, Iupz
Kok : KoQ, KuQ, Kog, Kug
Nih : Niyh, Niech, Nieyh
Tuh : Tuwh, Tuch
Deh : Dech, Deyh
Belum : Lom, Lum
Cape : Cppe, Cpeg
Kan : Khan, Kant, Kanz
Manis : Maniezt, Manies
Cakep : Ckepp
Keren : Krenz, Krent
45
Potentials, Limits, And Defcits Of
Technically-mediated Communication
disadvantages
advantages
•
it lacks many face-to-face
cues, it is more prone to
misunderstandings and
interpersonal conflicts.
•
to a large degree, liberate
relationships from the
confnes of physical
locality,
•
to be interactively
incoherent due to
limitations imposed by
messaging systems on turntaking and reference
•
thus creating opportunities
for new – and genuine –
interpersonal
relationships and
communities
46
•
Traditional personal
relationship theory suggests
that the relative lack of
social cues and the
potential for feedback
delays lead to uncertainty
as to how users should
and are expected to
behave, and how
behavior can be
explained.
•
Because people need to
manage uncertainty and
develop relationships, they
will adapt the textual
cues to meet their needs
when faced with a
channel
47
Where do we go from here?
Future developments
•
Possibility of communicating anytime anywhere is going
to increase
•
On an interpersonal level we fnd it
•
difcult to achieve a sense of being in the same
“space”,
•
our proximity to one another is diferent when
technically-mediated than when we communicate faceto-face
•
The popularity of technically-mediated communication will
continue to grow independently of developments in the social
and communication sciences.
48
Where do we go from here?
Future developments
•
Just as the telephone has altered the notion of conversation by
enabling a form of live talk between people in diferent
geographical locations, the web, similarly, is now
broadening the concepts of immediacy, presence, and
intimacy.
•
And with the onset of social websites and user-generated
content, we have moved one step closer towards the
“digital self”.
49
Thank you
50
mediated
communicat
ion
Komunikasi antar pribadi
1
Defnisi Computer Meediated
Communication
•
Cmc: komunikasi manusia yang terjadi melalui penggunaan
alat elektronik
•
Melalui format seperti instant messaging, email, chat rooms, dll
•
Dampak sosial yang terjadi akibat CMC.
2
3
DAMePAK CMeC
4
CMeC TOOLS
INSTANT MESSAGING
CHAT
BLOG
SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
MOBILE PHONE
5
CMeC AND INTERPERSONAL
COMeMeUNICATION
participati
on
usergenerated
content
online
sociability
interpersonal
communicati
on
6
ANALISIS KERJA CMeC
Digitalization and liberalization
economic growth
Modernization of information and infrastructure
innovation and difusion
(phone- or web-based) media
communication among smaller, more targeted
groups
7
Meedia Form
personal web pages
blogs, networking sites
online journalism
8
PERSONAL MeEDIA USAGE
presentation
al
• Menarik
perhatian
orang lain.
• Website,
blog
interactive
• Media
kontak,
koordinasi,
pribadi,
keluarga.
9
Instant
messaging
ALATALAT
CMC
Chatting
Social
websites
Mobile
communicati
on
10
Pendekatan Teori Untuk
Teknologi, Meedia Dan Komunikasi
Anonimi
tas
Privasi
Waktu
Ruang
Jarak
11
Pola Komunikasi CMeC
Komunik
• Tidak langsung.
asi
Email, computer
asinkron
conference, dll
Komunik
ous
• Chatting, instant
asi
messaging
Sinkronu
s
• Online seminar,
Virtual
simulatio virtual feld trips,
virtual experiments.
n
12
Social Capital
•
Kapital sosial: sumber daya yang terakumulasi
akibat hubungan dengan orang lain ata kelompok.
•
Hubungan yang saling menguntungkan.
Misalnya mendapatkan pekerja atau kenaikan gaji.
Kerugian: mengurangi
tatap muka sehingga
social capital kurang.
Kelebihan:
interaksi online
menggantikan tatap muka.
13
Meodal sosial dan ikatan sosial
•
New media mendukung munculnya ikatan sosial.
•
Muncul akumulasi modal sosial melalui new media. Jaringan
hubungan lebih luas.
•
Eg: reunion, crowdfunding (koin untuk Prita), etc.
14
Virtual sociability (gaul sosial)
•
Kemampuan individu membentuk kelompok melintas ruang dan
waktu menggunakan CMC = chat rooms, BBS, multi user
context.
•
Harus ada participatory engagement.
•
Aktivitas partisipan.
•
Ada aturan, norma, dan nilai di dunia virtual.
•
Rekber, cod, panda, dll.
15
Pro dan kontra untuk Virtual
sociability
CMeC membuat
orang menjadi
miskin emosi dan
anti sosial
(Walther, Anderson,
and Park 1994),
Memiliki potensi
untuk memelihara
dan meningkatkan
komunikasi manusia
(Bell and Kennedy
2007).
16
Virtual sociability
technologic
al variables
• synchronicity, granularity, and
multimodality
social
variables
• the amount of time participants
spend online, the nature of
their relationship, and their
levels of motivation
Mediated
proximity
• lack of physical reality and
context. Communication and
events are removed from
objects, bodies, and faces.
17
self-disclosure and intimacy
online
greater
sense of
anonymity
or nonidentifabilit
y
a reduced
feeling of
vulnerability
and risk on
the part of
the
individuals
absence of
traditional
gating
features
such as
physical
appearance,
mannerisms,
apparent
social
stigmas such
as
stuttering,
or visible
shyness or
anxiety
prevent the
establishme
nt
of any
close
relationship
18
Online communications
make it easier for
users to fnd
others who share
our specialized
interests and
values, particularly
when there is a
lack of “real
world”
counterparts
users have more
control over one’s
side of the
interaction and
how one presents
oneself.
19
reducing
anxiety
creating
a secure
environm
ent
cutting
geographi
cal
distances
create
efective
inter-group
contact
signifcant
ly
lowering
costs
intimate
contact,
and
cooperati
on
creating
equal
status
20
Cyber crime
21
Cyber crime
potential
obstacles to
establishing a
contact in
cyberspace
uncertainty
about the
gender and age
of the contact
possibility of
becoming a
victim of
cybercrimes
such as
cybermobbing
22
23
pertanyaan diskusi kelompok
•
apakah yang dimaksud dengan modal sosial? bagaimanakah
peranan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi terhadap modal
sosial!
•
apakah yang dimaksud dengan gaul sosial? jelaskan hubungan
antara aturan, nilai, norma di dunia nyata dan dunia virtual
untuk pergaulan. berikan contoh
•
mengapa CMC membuat manusia menjadi miskin emosi dan
anti sosial? berikan solusinya.
•
jelakan apakah yang dimaksud dengan self disclosure dan
intimacy di dunia online? apakah ada masalah pada kedua
konsep tersebut
•
sebutkan tiga konsep yang ada pada cyber crime. berikan
contohnya dan solusinya!
24
to be
continued
25
Technicallymediated
communication:
Forms of text and
talk
26
people who kept in
contact with those
closest to them via
e-mail also had
more frequent and
intense exchanges
on the telephone
with them
e-mail users
received more
support from their
contacts, and even
more so if they
used multiple new
media
27
E-mail can be characterized
as “text talk”;
users type words to
communicate via e-mail.
28
Negative and positive about
NEGATIVE
•
In the typed text of e-mail
which goes by situated
rule of conduct (Ziegler
and Durscheid 2002), other
people’s faces or voices
are lost
POSITIVE
•
creative means were
developed to make up for
this limitation, such as
secondary orality style of
writing (Koch and
Osterreicher 1985).
•
One graphically-realized
strategy is the use of so
called emoticons.
29
EMeOTICON
30
EMeAIL
•
Email: asynchronous. Time is
flexible. Minute, days,
months.
•
Carbon copy function as
feature to dyadic conversation
into a group.
•
Careful: conflicts. Eg. Prita
mulyasari.
31
EMeAIL SHORTCOMeINGS
•
the notion of social and
information overload:
•
people can be stressed by
the fast pace of incoming
messages which are sent by
diferent types of people with
many diferent agendas, and
are flled with all sorts of
information, some valuable,
some useless.
•
Missing face-to-face cues
makes e-mails potentially
ambiguous.
•
Even sophisticated e-mail
users might experience
miscommunication. Spam
32
Spam: a problem
•
An e-mail message is a record of an exchange that can be accessed by, forwarded to, or
unintentionally sent to a third party or an entire group of recipients.
•
E-mails now count as legal documents and can be treated as evidence in a court of law.
33
34
Chat communication
35
Chat communication
•
Chat rooms are forms of text-based communication that
allow individuals to interact with each other over the
internet.
•
casual face-to-face interactions and telephone conversations,
because it allows the exchange of short synchronous messages
in real time (Beiswenger 2001; Herring 2006).
•
lacking certain types of information, including physical
appearances and nonverbal cues.
36
•
Both visual anonymity and text-only communication
characterize chat communication and determine its
content.
•
chats are “written conversations”, applying verbal strategies
which can be characterized as secondary orality (Koch and
Osterreicher 1985).
•
to be a productive and creative form of technically-mediated
interpersonal exchange.
37
Instant messaging
38
Instant messaging
the ability to identify
who is connected to
the shared space
between or among
friends
the ability to conduct
a text-based
conversation in real
time
The feeling of
closeness enforced
by simultaneous
online presence and
the limited amount of
people participating
in a given
39
10/09/2018
40
Social networking sites
•
Social networking sites (SNSs) such as such as Facebook,
Friendster, MySpace, and the German StudiVZ, allow
individuals to present themselves, articulate their social
networks, and establish or maintain contact to others
(Lenhart and Madden 2007).
•
Social network sites enable individuals to articulate their
social connections visibly on the site, a practice that
supports individuals’ interest in pursuing self-presentational and
social goals.
•
Friends-links ofer users a variety of social contacts, allowing
them to explore and interact with a larger network via
profles and the communication tools they ofer.
41
Social networking sites
•
Facebook users engage more in “searching” for people with whom they
have an ofine connection already than in “browsing” for complete
strangers to meet (bigge 2006; boyd 2006).
•
But facebook has also been used for coordinating purposes by teachers in
classrooms as well as for self presentation and trust building (mazer,
murphy, and simonds 2007).
42
online social network sites
•
Online social network sites support both the maintenance of
existing social ties and the formation of new
connections.
•
Online identities tend to raise individual consciousness
insofar as they enforce additional self-refection.
•
The various risks, however, which users often take
unknowingly by uploading private photos (boyd 2006),
personal information and stories about intimate life
details, have been highly underestimated.
43
Meobile phone
communication
•
Ubiquity, accessibility, immediacy, intensity of interaction.
•
Third wave communication: GPS, digital photos, e-mail communication
•
SMS: reductive communication; creative language.
44
Gue : W, Wa, Q, Qu, G
Lo : U
Rumah : Humz, Hozz
Aja : Ja, Ajj
Yang : Iank/Iang, Eank/Eang (ada juga yang iiank/iiang)
Boleh : Leh
Baru : Ru
Ya/Iya : Yupz, Ia, Iupz
Kok : KoQ, KuQ, Kog, Kug
Nih : Niyh, Niech, Nieyh
Tuh : Tuwh, Tuch
Deh : Dech, Deyh
Belum : Lom, Lum
Cape : Cppe, Cpeg
Kan : Khan, Kant, Kanz
Manis : Maniezt, Manies
Cakep : Ckepp
Keren : Krenz, Krent
45
Potentials, Limits, And Defcits Of
Technically-mediated Communication
disadvantages
advantages
•
it lacks many face-to-face
cues, it is more prone to
misunderstandings and
interpersonal conflicts.
•
to a large degree, liberate
relationships from the
confnes of physical
locality,
•
to be interactively
incoherent due to
limitations imposed by
messaging systems on turntaking and reference
•
thus creating opportunities
for new – and genuine –
interpersonal
relationships and
communities
46
•
Traditional personal
relationship theory suggests
that the relative lack of
social cues and the
potential for feedback
delays lead to uncertainty
as to how users should
and are expected to
behave, and how
behavior can be
explained.
•
Because people need to
manage uncertainty and
develop relationships, they
will adapt the textual
cues to meet their needs
when faced with a
channel
47
Where do we go from here?
Future developments
•
Possibility of communicating anytime anywhere is going
to increase
•
On an interpersonal level we fnd it
•
difcult to achieve a sense of being in the same
“space”,
•
our proximity to one another is diferent when
technically-mediated than when we communicate faceto-face
•
The popularity of technically-mediated communication will
continue to grow independently of developments in the social
and communication sciences.
48
Where do we go from here?
Future developments
•
Just as the telephone has altered the notion of conversation by
enabling a form of live talk between people in diferent
geographical locations, the web, similarly, is now
broadening the concepts of immediacy, presence, and
intimacy.
•
And with the onset of social websites and user-generated
content, we have moved one step closer towards the
“digital self”.
49
Thank you
50