Analisis pengaruh Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Asset, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, Time Interest Earned terhadap Return On Asset pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
SKRIPSI
Analisis pengaruh Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Asset, Inventory
Turnover, Operating Ratio, Time Interest Earned terhadap Return On Asset pada
perusahaan manufaktur sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
ABSTRAK Analisis pengaruh Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Asset, Inventory
Turnover, Operating Ratio, Time Interest Earned terhadap Return On Asset pada
perusahaan manufaktur sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah Quick Ratio, Working
Capital to Total Asset, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, dan Time Interest
Earned berpengaruh secara simultan dan parsial terhadap Return On Asset padaperusahaan manufaktur sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Quick Ratio,
Working Capital to Total Asset, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, dan Time
Interest Earned secara simultan dan parsial terhadap Return On Asset padaperusahaan manufaktur sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Asset,
Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, dan Time Interest Earned berpengaruh
secara simultan dan parsial terhadap Return On Asset pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan dengan teknik sampling yang didasarkan pada teknik dokumentasi pada laporan keuangan yang dipublikasikan oleh BEI peride 2009 sampai dengan 2013. Variabel independen dan dependen diolah sesuai dengan defenisi operasional varibel. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis linier berganda. Hasil pengujian Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel independen (Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Asset, dan Time Interest Earned) berpengaruh
Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio,
signifikan terhadap variabel dependen (Return On Asset) pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Uji parsial menunjukkan hanya tiga variabel yaitu Quick Ratio, Inventory
Turnover, dan Operating Ratio yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return on
assetKata kunci: Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Asset, Inventory Turnover,
Operating Ratio, Time Interest Earned, dan Return on asset.
ABSTRACT
Analysis of the effect of the Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Assets, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, Time interest earned on Return on Assets at a manufacturing company Food and Beverage sector listed in the Indonesia Stock
Exchange The problem of this study is whether the Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Assets, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, and Time Interest Earned effect simultaneously and partially on the Return on Assets in manufacturing companies Food and Beverage sector listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Assets, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, and Time Interest Earned simultaneously and partially on the Return on Assets in manufacturing company Food and Beverage sector listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The hypothesis of this study is the Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Assets, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, and Time Interest Earned effect simultaneously and partially on the Return on Assets in manufacturing company Food and Beverage sector listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Secondary data collection was done by using a sampling technique based on the documentation in the financial statements published by IDX periods of 2009 to 2013, the independent and dependent variables are processed in accordance with the operational definition of variables. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis method and linear analysis. Hypothesis testing results in this study indicate that simultaneous independent variables (Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Assets, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, and Time Interest Earned) a significant effect on the dependent variable (Return on Assets) at manufacturing sector Food and Beverage listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Partial test shows only three variables: Quick Ratio, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio and significant effect on return on assets.
Keywords: Quick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Assets, Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, Time Interest Earned, and return on assets.
KATA PENGANTAR PenulispanjatkanpujidansyukurkepadaTuhan Yang MahaEsaataskaruniadanrahmat yang telahdilimpahkan-Nya, khususnyadalampenyusunanlaporanpenelitianini.
PenulisanSkripsiinidimaksudkanuntukmemenuhisebagiandaripersyaratan- persyaratangunamemperolehgelarsarjana S1 Akuntansipada Program S1 AkuntansiUniversitas Sumatera Utara. Penulismenyadaribahwabaikdalampengungkapan, penyajiandanpemilihan kata- kata maupunpembahasanmateriSkripsiinimasihjauhdarisempurna.
Olehkarenaitudenganpenuhkerendahanhatipenulismengharapkan saran, kritikdansegalabentukpengarahandarisemuapihakuntukperbaikanSkripsiini.
Skripsiiniberjudul “AnalisispengaruhQuick Ratio, Working Capital to Total Asset,
Inventory Turnover, Operating Ratio, Time Interest Earned terhadapReturn On Asset padaperusahaanmanufaktur sector Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di
Bursa Efek Indonesia”. Penulistelahbayakmenerimabimbingan, saran, motivasidandoadariberbagaipihakselamapenulisanskripsiini. Olehkarenaitu, padakesemptaninipenulismenyampaikanterimakasihkepadasemuapihak yang telahmemberikanbantuandanbimbingan, yaitu:
1. Bapak Prof. Dr. AzharMaksum, M.Ec.Ac.,Ak.,CA selakuDekanFakultasEkonomiUniversitas Sumatera Utara.
2. Bapak Dr. SyafruddinGintingSugihen, MAFIS, AkselakuketuaDepartemen S1 AkuntansiFakultasEkonomiUniversitas Sumatera Utara.
3. Bapak Drs. HotmalJa’far, MM.,AkselakuSekretarisDepartemenAkuntansiFakultasEkonomiUniversitas Sumatera Utara.
4. Bapak Drs. FirmanSyarif, M.Si.,AkselakuKetua Program Studi S1 AkuntansiFakultasEkonomiUniversitas Sumatera Utara.
5. Bapak Drs. M. UtamaNasution, MM.,AkselakuDosenPembingbing yang telahmencurahkanperhatiandantenagasertadorongankepadapenulishinggaseles ainyaskripsiini.
6. IbuDra. Nurzaimah, MM.,AkselakuDosenPembandingyang telahmembantudanmemberikan saran-saran sertaperhatiansehinggapenulisdapatmenyelesaikanskripsiini.
7. Para stafpengajar Program S1 AkutansiUniversitasSumatera Utara yangtelahmemberikanilmuAkuntansimelaluisuatukegiatanbelajarmengajarden gandasarpemikirananalitisdanpengetahuan yang baik.
8. Para stafadministrasi Program S1 AkuntansiFakultasEkonomiUniversitasSumatera Utara yang telahbanyakmembantudanmempermudahpenulisdalammenyelesaikanstudi di Program S1 AkuntansiFakultasEkonomiUniversitas Sumatera Utara.
9. Orang Tuatercinta(+) JilmanMunthedanBilmaTumanggerberkatdoa, kasihsayang, kesabarandankeiklasanhatimembesarkan, mendidikdanselalumemberikandorongandansemangatnyasertapengorbanan yang tidakdapatPenulisbalasdenganapapunsehinggapenulismerasaterdoronguntukm enyelesaikancita-citadanharapankeluarga. BuatabangTenang, Jaminten, Sarihon, Lamar danKakakMurniama, Rasima, Ramayana sertaBuatadekRomaida, terimakasihatasdorongandanmotivasi, danmateri yang
. telahdiberikan, Sayaakanselalumengikutijejak kalian semua 10. Teman-temankuliah, yang telahmemberikansebuahpersahabatandankerjasama yang baikselamamenjadimahasiswa di Program S1 AkutansiUniversitasSumatera Utara
Hanyadoa yang dapatpenulispanjatkansemogaAllohTuhanberkenanmembalassemuakebaikanBapa k, Ibu, Saudaradanteman-temansekalian. Akhir kata, semogapenelitianinidapatbermanfaatbagipihak yang berkepentingan.
Medan, Juli 2014 Dedi Suhadi Munthe
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN
........................................................................................ 1
1.1 ................................................................................................... Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 ................................................................................................... Rumu san Penelitian.................................................................................. 5 1.3 ................................................................................................... Tujua n Penelitian ..................................................................................... 5 1.4 ................................................................................................... Manf aat Penelitian .................................................................................. 6
1.4.1 ....................................................................................... Manf aat Teoritis ......................................................................... 6 1.4.2 ....................................................................................... Manf aat Praktis .......................................................................... 6
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
................................................................................. 7
2.1 Laporan Keuangan .......................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Pengertian Lapran Keuangan ............................................. 7
2.1.2 Tujuan Laporan Keuangan ................................................. 8
2.1.3 Pihak-pihak yang Berkepentingan ..................................... 10
2.2 Keterbatasan Laporan Keuangan .................................................... 12
2.3 Komponen-komponen Laporan Keuangan ..................................... 13
2.3.1 Neraca atau Laporan Posisi Keuangan ............................... 13
2.3.1.1 Aktiva .................................................................. 14
2.4.3 Prosedur Analisis ................................................................ 28
2.5.4 Rasio Likuiditas ................................................................... 33
2.5.3 Jenis-jenis Analisis Rasio .................................................... 33
2.5.2 Keterbatasan Analisis Rasio ............................................... 32
2.5.1 Keunggulan Analisis Rasio .................................................. 31
2.5 Analisis Rasio .................................................................................. 30
2.4.5 Teknik Analisis .................................................................... 30
2.4.4 Metode Analisis ................................................................. 29
2.4.2 Tujuan Analisis Laporan Keuangan .................................... 26
2.3.1.2 Kewajiban (Hutang) ............................................ 19
2.4.1 Sifat-sifat Analisis Laporan Keuangan ................................ 26
2.4 Analisis Laporan Keuangan ............................................................. 25
2.3.5 Catatan atas Laporan Keuangan ........................................ 24
2.3.4 Laporan Aus Kas ................................................................. 24
2.3.3 Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas ............................................... 23
2.3.2 Laporan Laba Rugi (Income statemen) .............................. 22
2.3.1.3 Ekuitas (Modal) ................................................... 22
2.5.4.1 Current Ratio ...................................................... 34
2.5.4.2 Cash Ratio ........................................................... 35
2.11 Hipotesis ......................................................................................... 48
3.5 Populasi dan Sampel ....................................................................... 51
3.4 Defenisi Operasional ....................................................................... 50
3.3 Batasan Operasional ....................................................................... 50
3.2 Tempat dan waktu Penelitian ......................................................... 49
3.1 Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................... 49
................................................................................ 49
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
2.10 Kerangka Konseptual ...................................................................... 47
2.5.4.3 Quick Ratio ......................................................... 35
2.8 Peneltian Terdahulu ....................................................................... 43
2.7 Pengaruh Inventory Turnover ......................................................... 42
2.6 Pengaruh Likuiditas terhadap ROA ................................................. 42
2.5.8 Time Interest Earnet ........................................................... 40
2.5.7 Operating Ratio .................................................................. 39
2.5.6 Return on Asset .................................................................. 37
2.5.5 Inventory Turnover ............................................................. 36
2.5.4.4 Working Capital to Total Asset ........................... 36
3.6 Obyek Penelitian, Jenis dan Sumber Data ...................................... 54
3.7 Metode Pengumpulan Data ........................................................... 54
3.8.2.2.1 Uji T statistic ................................... 63
4.1.3 Keadaan Working Capital to Total Asset 2009-2013 ......... 69
4.1.2 Keadaan Quick Ratio periode 2009-2013 .......................... 67
4.1.1 Keadaan Return on Asset periode 2009-2013 ................... 66
4.1 Data Deskripif ................................................................................. 66
................................................... 65
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
3.8.2.2.2 Uji F Statistik .................................. 64
3.8.2.2 Pengujian Hipotesis ............................................ 63
3.8 Teknik Analisis ................................................................................. 54
3.8.2.1.4 Autokorelasi ................................... 61
3.8.2.1.3 Heterokesdastisitas ........................ 59
3.8.2.1.2 Multikolinearitas ............................ 58
3.8.2.1.1 Normalitas ...................................... 57
3.8.2.1 Pengujian Asumsi Klasik ..................................... 56
3.8.2 Analisis Regresi .................................................................. 56
3.8.1 Analisis Deskriptif ............................................................... 54
4.1.4 Keadaan Inventory Turnover periode 2009-2013 .............. 70
4.1.5 Keadaan Operating Ratio periode 2009-2013 ................... 71
4.1.6 Keadaan Time interest earned periode 2009-2013 ........... 73
4.2 Hasil Analisis ................................................................................... 76
4.2.1 Hasil Uji Asumsi Klasik ........................................................ 76
4.2.1.1 Normalitas Data .................................................. 76
4.2.1.2 Hasil Uji Multikolinearitas .................................. 79
4.2.1.3 Hasil Uji Heterokesdastisitas .............................. 80
4.2.1.4 Hasil Uji Autokorelasi ......................................... 83
4.2.2 Hasil UJi Hipotesis .............................................................. 85
4.3 Pembahasan ................................................................................... 90
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
........................................................................ 94
5.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 94
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................... 99
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
DAFTAR GAMBAR dan Tabel
Halaman