2. Pembelajaran Efektif-SMA, Prof Muklas
Oleh Muchlas Samani
Universitas Negeri
Surabaya
??
?
masih ingat
saat di
sma/smk/spg
?
SIAPA GURU YG PALING ANDA
KAGUMI
SEWAKTU DI SMA?
MATA PELAJARAN APA YG PALING
ANDA SENANGI WAKTU SMA?
CERITAKAN MENGAPA BP/IBU
MENGAGUMI GURU TSB? DAN
MENYENANGI MAPEL TSB?
BEL SELESAI PELAJARAN…..
SISWA TETAP ASYIK
….TIDAK…..
GURU TDK MASUK,
SISWA…..WADUH BU…..TDK
MASUK
PENG
ALAM
AN DI
SAIMS
SISWA:…..TDK BU….YG
BETUL…….
BU….GIMANA SAYA
KAN………
BU….SAYA BOLEH TANYA
TTG…………
ANALOG
INYA
APA?
TIDAK ADA OBAT UNTUK SEGALA
PENYAKIT
MENGAJAR: PADUAN TEORI &
SENI
kapan
disebut
efektif?
tujuan
tercap
ai
??????
?
LULUS
SD
2018
2012
MASUK
SD
MASUK
SMP
MASUK MASUK
PERTI
SMA/K
2021
LULUS
SMP
BEKERJ
A
MULA
I
KERJA
MENAPA
K
KARIER
2034
2024
LULUS
SMA/K
2028/
9
LULUS
S1
BEKERJ
A
PENDIDIKAN BERSIFAT JANGKA PANJANG DAN
IRREVERSIBLE
The Four Question
Exercise
What will the world be like twenty or so
years from now when your child has left
school and is out in the world?
What skills will your child need to be
successful in the world you have imagined
twenty years from now?
What were the conditions that made your
high performance learning experiences so
powerful?
What would learning be like if it were
designed around your answers to the first
three questions?
The Magnitude and
Frequency of Business
Changes
Scientific
Management
(1895)
Sumber: Wiroto,
2008
Productivitiy
and Efficiency
(1970)
The Global
Economy
(1985)
The IT
The
Revolution Security
Issues
(1990)
(2000) and
oil & gas
price
HUBUNGAN LB PENDIDIKAN DG
PEKERJAAN
LB PEND
MASA
LALU
BID PEK
MASA
DATANG
Working
Working Modes
Modes
Industrial
Industrial
Division
Divisionof
oflabour
labour
Individual
Individualtasks
tasks
Specialist
Specialistduties
duties
Administrative
Administrative
links
links
Credential-based
Credential-based
appointments
appointments
Appraisal
Appraisalby
by
seniors
seniors
Post-industrial
Post-industrial
Total
Totalsolutions
solutions
Team
Teamwork
work
Integrated
Integrated
expertise
expertise
Human
Human
interactions
interactions
On-demand,
On-demand,justjustin-time
in-timelearning
learning
0 appraisal
360
3600 appraisal
Work Activities
Industrial
Post-industrial
Paper work
Communications
Brainstorming
E-mailing
SMS
Blogs
Seminars
Debates
Conferencing
Negotiation
Presentation
Lobbying
Circulars
Minutes
Documents
Instructions
Written reports
Faktor
Peranan (%)
Innovation
45
Networking
25
Technology
20
Natural resources
10
Sumber: Hasil evaluasi Bank Dunia (1995) thd 150
negara
TREND SKILLS MASA
DEPAN
THE SURVIVAL SKILLS FOR NEW
GENERATIONS
CRITICAL THINKING & PROBLEM SOLVING.
COLLABORATION ACROSS NETWORKS &
LEADING BY INFLUENCE.
AGILITY & ADAPTABILITY.
INITIATIVE & ENTREPRENEURIALISM.
EFFECTIVE ORAL & WRITEN
COMMUNICATION.
ACCESSING & ANALYZING INFORMATION.
CURIOSITY & IMAGINATION.
Wagners,
2008
Technology
skills
Basic
skills
Problem
solving
skills
Communicatio
n skills
Multicultural/
multilingual
literacy
Interpersonal
skills
21ST CENTURY SKILLS
AND LITERACIES
Inquiry
/reasoning
skills
Informati
on
/digital
literacy
Critical and
creative
thinking
skills
ing
n
r
Lea
os s
r
c
a
C
res
u
t
l
u
ing
n
r
Lea
are
C
to
ve
r
e
S
ing
o
n
ing
t
r
n
a
r
g
Le
ea
nin
L
y
r
t
i
i ng
e
a
v
n
c
i
r
t
a
Le
l
a
Lea
r kp
Cre
ing
o
p
i
n
W
r
h
rs
ea
e
L
d
ive
t
Lea
a
rn Academi
Alte
Classes
c
Knowled
ge
LEARNING &
INNOVATION
SKILLS
LIFE &
CAREER
SKILLS
CORE SUBJECTS
& 21ST
CENTURY
THEMES
INFORMATION,
MEDIA &
TECHNOLOGY
SKILLS
THE 21ST CENTURY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS
RAINBOW
HARD SKILL/
SPECIFIC SKILL
SOFT SKILL/
GENERIC SKILL/
KARAKTER
PERGESERAN PARADIGMA
TEACHIN
G
GURU
MENGERJAKAN APA
LEARNING
SISWA BELAJAR
APA
MATERI YG
DIPELAJARI
KARATERISTIK
SISWA: BEKAL
AWAL & TIPOLOGI
BELAJAR DSB
MODEL
PEMBELAJARAN
YANG COCOK
KOMPETENSI
SISWA YG INGIN
DICAPAI
KEGIATAN BELAJAR
YG DPT MEMBERI
PENGALAMAN YG
SESUAI….
SARANA,
GURU DSB
SITUASI
BELAJAR
SAAT ITU
PERTANYAA
N GURU
GIMANA AGAR
ANAK ASYIK
BELAJAR
• AGAR SISWA SEMANGAT
BELAJAR
• AGAR SISWA MUDAH
MENGERTI
PERTANYAAN GURU
MENGAPA MEREKA
ASYIK, BAHKAN LUPA
WAKTU?
MENGAPA MEREKA
TERUS MENCOBACOBA?
Apakah sesuai dg keperluan?
Apakah sesuai dg hobi?
SENSORY
STIMULUS..
REGISTER
(Apakah
ada
perhatian?
)
NO
REHEARSAL
YE
S
BUFFER
YE
S
SELF
ADDRESSABLE
(Apakah dpt
difahami?)
Memori
Jangka Pendek
LEWAT/HILANG
Apakah bekal awalnya
cukup?
Apakah sesuai dg tk
kognitif?
MEMORY
BANK
(Memori
jangka
panjang)
NO
LUPA
Terjadi proses:
ASIMILAI/ASOSIASI
SKEMA PROSES PEROLEHAN INFORMASI
BP & IBU PERGI KE PENGANTEN,
DAN BERJALAN DI HALAMAN TANAH
BASAH. BEKAS SEPATU SIAPA YG LB
DALAM??
SISWA SEMANGAT
JIKA…..
INTERAKTIF
INSPIRATIF
MENANTANG
MEMBEBASKA
N
KOGNITIF
KOMPETENSI
(Bloom)
•KNOWLED
GE
•COMPREHENSIO
N
•APPLICATION
ANALYSIS
•SYNTHESIS
•EVALUATIO
N
•CREATION
•RECIEVING
•RESPONDING
AFEKTIF
•VALUEING
•ORGANIZING
•CHARACTERIZATION
PSIKOMOTOR
•SIMPLE ADAPTIVE
SKILL
•COMPOUND ADAPTIVE SKIL
•COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SKILL
VISUAL.. AUDOTORIAL..
KINESTETIK
MODALITAS
BELAJAR
FIELD DEPENDENT …
FIELD INDEPENDENT
INTTUITOR…. SENSOR
THINKER .. FEELER
Anakku
potensinya
bidang apa yaa…
* LOGIS MATEMATIS: pandai berpikir
analisis matematis, deduktif……
* SPASIAL VISUAL: pandai berabstraksi dg
citra gambar, menghubungkan antar ruangcitra…..
* LINGUISTIK: pandai berpikir dg
kata-kata, ungkapan..……
* INTERPERSONAL: pandai
melakukan bergaul, berkomunikasi
dg orang lain, ….
* MUSIKAL: pandai berpikir dalam irama
melodi, peka thd intonasi suara…………..
* INTRAPERSONAL: pandai berpikir
reflektif, menuangkan dlm
gambar/tulisan…..
* KINESTETIK:
berpikir sensasi dg
gerakan fisik, ……
* NATURALIS: berpikir dg acuan
alam, mengakrapi kondisi alam
sekitar ……
FAKTUAL
KONSEPTUAL
MATERI AJAR
PROSEDURAL
META KOGNITIF
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN
(Richard Arend)
Pembelajaran Langsung (Direct Instruction).
Pembelajaran Kooperatif (Cooperative
Learning).
Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah
(Problem Based Learning).
Diskusi (Discussion).
Pembelajaran Berstrategi (Learning
Strategies)
Rangkuman Model Pembelajaran (Arend)
Nama Model
Pembelajaran
Pembelajaran
Langsung
(Direct
Instruction)
Pembelajaran
Kooperatif
(Cooperative
Learning)
Pembelajaran
Berdasarkan
Masalah
(Problem
Based
Instruction)
Diskusi
(Discussion)
Pembelajaran
Berstrategi
(Learning
Strategies)
Hasil Belajar
Pengetahuan
deklaratif
dasar;
keterampilan
akademik.
Keterampilan
akademik dan
sosial.
Keterampilan
akademik dan
inkuiri.
Diskursus
dan
keterampilan
sosial.
Keterampilan
kognitif dan
meta kognitif.
Ciri
Pembelajaran
Presentasi yg
jelas, demonstrasi dan
analisis tugas.
Kerja kelompok dengan
ganjaran kelompok dan
tugas
terstruk-tur.
Proyek berdasarkan inkuiri
yang dikerjakan secara
kelompok.
Diskusi
kelompok.
Pengajaran
eksplisit,
pengejaran
resiprokal.
Karateristik
Lingkungan
Terstruktur
secara ketat,
lingkungan
terpusat
kepada guru.
Fleksibel,
demokratis,
lingkungan
terpusat
kepa-da
siswa.
Fleksibel,
lingkungan
terpusat pada
kegiatan
inkuiri.
Reflektif,
menerapkan
dialog
terbuka.
Reflektif,
menerapkan
pada belajar
bagaimana
cara belajar.
Karateristik siswa/materi ajar ………………..?????????????.......
EFFECTIVENESS IS HOW WELL OR
WHAT EXTENT THE DESIRED
OUTPUTS ARE ACHIEVED
WHAT ARE THE OUTPUTS OF EDUCATION?
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS?
WHAT ARE THE INDICATORS OF EACH?
HOW TO ACHIEVE THEM?
OR EACH COMPONENT?
Sumber: IEES
INPUT
PROSES
BAGAIMANA
PROSESNYA AGAR
OUTPUT+OUTCOME
TERCAPAI
(EFEKTIVITAS)
BAGAIMANA PROSESNYA
AGAR OUTPUT+OUTCOME
TERCAPAI DG INPUT
MINIMAL (EFISIENSI)
OUTPUT
OUTCOME
APA OUTPUTNYA?
APA OUTCOMENYA?
DARI MANA SUMBER
RUJUKANNYA?
TERIMA KASIH
BE
PE RBA
NG
AL GI
AM
N
A
APA CIRI
YG BAIK
DI
SAIMS?
Universitas Negeri
Surabaya
??
?
masih ingat
saat di
sma/smk/spg
?
SIAPA GURU YG PALING ANDA
KAGUMI
SEWAKTU DI SMA?
MATA PELAJARAN APA YG PALING
ANDA SENANGI WAKTU SMA?
CERITAKAN MENGAPA BP/IBU
MENGAGUMI GURU TSB? DAN
MENYENANGI MAPEL TSB?
BEL SELESAI PELAJARAN…..
SISWA TETAP ASYIK
….TIDAK…..
GURU TDK MASUK,
SISWA…..WADUH BU…..TDK
MASUK
PENG
ALAM
AN DI
SAIMS
SISWA:…..TDK BU….YG
BETUL…….
BU….GIMANA SAYA
KAN………
BU….SAYA BOLEH TANYA
TTG…………
ANALOG
INYA
APA?
TIDAK ADA OBAT UNTUK SEGALA
PENYAKIT
MENGAJAR: PADUAN TEORI &
SENI
kapan
disebut
efektif?
tujuan
tercap
ai
??????
?
LULUS
SD
2018
2012
MASUK
SD
MASUK
SMP
MASUK MASUK
PERTI
SMA/K
2021
LULUS
SMP
BEKERJ
A
MULA
I
KERJA
MENAPA
K
KARIER
2034
2024
LULUS
SMA/K
2028/
9
LULUS
S1
BEKERJ
A
PENDIDIKAN BERSIFAT JANGKA PANJANG DAN
IRREVERSIBLE
The Four Question
Exercise
What will the world be like twenty or so
years from now when your child has left
school and is out in the world?
What skills will your child need to be
successful in the world you have imagined
twenty years from now?
What were the conditions that made your
high performance learning experiences so
powerful?
What would learning be like if it were
designed around your answers to the first
three questions?
The Magnitude and
Frequency of Business
Changes
Scientific
Management
(1895)
Sumber: Wiroto,
2008
Productivitiy
and Efficiency
(1970)
The Global
Economy
(1985)
The IT
The
Revolution Security
Issues
(1990)
(2000) and
oil & gas
price
HUBUNGAN LB PENDIDIKAN DG
PEKERJAAN
LB PEND
MASA
LALU
BID PEK
MASA
DATANG
Working
Working Modes
Modes
Industrial
Industrial
Division
Divisionof
oflabour
labour
Individual
Individualtasks
tasks
Specialist
Specialistduties
duties
Administrative
Administrative
links
links
Credential-based
Credential-based
appointments
appointments
Appraisal
Appraisalby
by
seniors
seniors
Post-industrial
Post-industrial
Total
Totalsolutions
solutions
Team
Teamwork
work
Integrated
Integrated
expertise
expertise
Human
Human
interactions
interactions
On-demand,
On-demand,justjustin-time
in-timelearning
learning
0 appraisal
360
3600 appraisal
Work Activities
Industrial
Post-industrial
Paper work
Communications
Brainstorming
E-mailing
SMS
Blogs
Seminars
Debates
Conferencing
Negotiation
Presentation
Lobbying
Circulars
Minutes
Documents
Instructions
Written reports
Faktor
Peranan (%)
Innovation
45
Networking
25
Technology
20
Natural resources
10
Sumber: Hasil evaluasi Bank Dunia (1995) thd 150
negara
TREND SKILLS MASA
DEPAN
THE SURVIVAL SKILLS FOR NEW
GENERATIONS
CRITICAL THINKING & PROBLEM SOLVING.
COLLABORATION ACROSS NETWORKS &
LEADING BY INFLUENCE.
AGILITY & ADAPTABILITY.
INITIATIVE & ENTREPRENEURIALISM.
EFFECTIVE ORAL & WRITEN
COMMUNICATION.
ACCESSING & ANALYZING INFORMATION.
CURIOSITY & IMAGINATION.
Wagners,
2008
Technology
skills
Basic
skills
Problem
solving
skills
Communicatio
n skills
Multicultural/
multilingual
literacy
Interpersonal
skills
21ST CENTURY SKILLS
AND LITERACIES
Inquiry
/reasoning
skills
Informati
on
/digital
literacy
Critical and
creative
thinking
skills
ing
n
r
Lea
os s
r
c
a
C
res
u
t
l
u
ing
n
r
Lea
are
C
to
ve
r
e
S
ing
o
n
ing
t
r
n
a
r
g
Le
ea
nin
L
y
r
t
i
i ng
e
a
v
n
c
i
r
t
a
Le
l
a
Lea
r kp
Cre
ing
o
p
i
n
W
r
h
rs
ea
e
L
d
ive
t
Lea
a
rn Academi
Alte
Classes
c
Knowled
ge
LEARNING &
INNOVATION
SKILLS
LIFE &
CAREER
SKILLS
CORE SUBJECTS
& 21ST
CENTURY
THEMES
INFORMATION,
MEDIA &
TECHNOLOGY
SKILLS
THE 21ST CENTURY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS
RAINBOW
HARD SKILL/
SPECIFIC SKILL
SOFT SKILL/
GENERIC SKILL/
KARAKTER
PERGESERAN PARADIGMA
TEACHIN
G
GURU
MENGERJAKAN APA
LEARNING
SISWA BELAJAR
APA
MATERI YG
DIPELAJARI
KARATERISTIK
SISWA: BEKAL
AWAL & TIPOLOGI
BELAJAR DSB
MODEL
PEMBELAJARAN
YANG COCOK
KOMPETENSI
SISWA YG INGIN
DICAPAI
KEGIATAN BELAJAR
YG DPT MEMBERI
PENGALAMAN YG
SESUAI….
SARANA,
GURU DSB
SITUASI
BELAJAR
SAAT ITU
PERTANYAA
N GURU
GIMANA AGAR
ANAK ASYIK
BELAJAR
• AGAR SISWA SEMANGAT
BELAJAR
• AGAR SISWA MUDAH
MENGERTI
PERTANYAAN GURU
MENGAPA MEREKA
ASYIK, BAHKAN LUPA
WAKTU?
MENGAPA MEREKA
TERUS MENCOBACOBA?
Apakah sesuai dg keperluan?
Apakah sesuai dg hobi?
SENSORY
STIMULUS..
REGISTER
(Apakah
ada
perhatian?
)
NO
REHEARSAL
YE
S
BUFFER
YE
S
SELF
ADDRESSABLE
(Apakah dpt
difahami?)
Memori
Jangka Pendek
LEWAT/HILANG
Apakah bekal awalnya
cukup?
Apakah sesuai dg tk
kognitif?
MEMORY
BANK
(Memori
jangka
panjang)
NO
LUPA
Terjadi proses:
ASIMILAI/ASOSIASI
SKEMA PROSES PEROLEHAN INFORMASI
BP & IBU PERGI KE PENGANTEN,
DAN BERJALAN DI HALAMAN TANAH
BASAH. BEKAS SEPATU SIAPA YG LB
DALAM??
SISWA SEMANGAT
JIKA…..
INTERAKTIF
INSPIRATIF
MENANTANG
MEMBEBASKA
N
KOGNITIF
KOMPETENSI
(Bloom)
•KNOWLED
GE
•COMPREHENSIO
N
•APPLICATION
ANALYSIS
•SYNTHESIS
•EVALUATIO
N
•CREATION
•RECIEVING
•RESPONDING
AFEKTIF
•VALUEING
•ORGANIZING
•CHARACTERIZATION
PSIKOMOTOR
•SIMPLE ADAPTIVE
SKILL
•COMPOUND ADAPTIVE SKIL
•COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SKILL
VISUAL.. AUDOTORIAL..
KINESTETIK
MODALITAS
BELAJAR
FIELD DEPENDENT …
FIELD INDEPENDENT
INTTUITOR…. SENSOR
THINKER .. FEELER
Anakku
potensinya
bidang apa yaa…
* LOGIS MATEMATIS: pandai berpikir
analisis matematis, deduktif……
* SPASIAL VISUAL: pandai berabstraksi dg
citra gambar, menghubungkan antar ruangcitra…..
* LINGUISTIK: pandai berpikir dg
kata-kata, ungkapan..……
* INTERPERSONAL: pandai
melakukan bergaul, berkomunikasi
dg orang lain, ….
* MUSIKAL: pandai berpikir dalam irama
melodi, peka thd intonasi suara…………..
* INTRAPERSONAL: pandai berpikir
reflektif, menuangkan dlm
gambar/tulisan…..
* KINESTETIK:
berpikir sensasi dg
gerakan fisik, ……
* NATURALIS: berpikir dg acuan
alam, mengakrapi kondisi alam
sekitar ……
FAKTUAL
KONSEPTUAL
MATERI AJAR
PROSEDURAL
META KOGNITIF
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN
(Richard Arend)
Pembelajaran Langsung (Direct Instruction).
Pembelajaran Kooperatif (Cooperative
Learning).
Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah
(Problem Based Learning).
Diskusi (Discussion).
Pembelajaran Berstrategi (Learning
Strategies)
Rangkuman Model Pembelajaran (Arend)
Nama Model
Pembelajaran
Pembelajaran
Langsung
(Direct
Instruction)
Pembelajaran
Kooperatif
(Cooperative
Learning)
Pembelajaran
Berdasarkan
Masalah
(Problem
Based
Instruction)
Diskusi
(Discussion)
Pembelajaran
Berstrategi
(Learning
Strategies)
Hasil Belajar
Pengetahuan
deklaratif
dasar;
keterampilan
akademik.
Keterampilan
akademik dan
sosial.
Keterampilan
akademik dan
inkuiri.
Diskursus
dan
keterampilan
sosial.
Keterampilan
kognitif dan
meta kognitif.
Ciri
Pembelajaran
Presentasi yg
jelas, demonstrasi dan
analisis tugas.
Kerja kelompok dengan
ganjaran kelompok dan
tugas
terstruk-tur.
Proyek berdasarkan inkuiri
yang dikerjakan secara
kelompok.
Diskusi
kelompok.
Pengajaran
eksplisit,
pengejaran
resiprokal.
Karateristik
Lingkungan
Terstruktur
secara ketat,
lingkungan
terpusat
kepada guru.
Fleksibel,
demokratis,
lingkungan
terpusat
kepa-da
siswa.
Fleksibel,
lingkungan
terpusat pada
kegiatan
inkuiri.
Reflektif,
menerapkan
dialog
terbuka.
Reflektif,
menerapkan
pada belajar
bagaimana
cara belajar.
Karateristik siswa/materi ajar ………………..?????????????.......
EFFECTIVENESS IS HOW WELL OR
WHAT EXTENT THE DESIRED
OUTPUTS ARE ACHIEVED
WHAT ARE THE OUTPUTS OF EDUCATION?
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS?
WHAT ARE THE INDICATORS OF EACH?
HOW TO ACHIEVE THEM?
OR EACH COMPONENT?
Sumber: IEES
INPUT
PROSES
BAGAIMANA
PROSESNYA AGAR
OUTPUT+OUTCOME
TERCAPAI
(EFEKTIVITAS)
BAGAIMANA PROSESNYA
AGAR OUTPUT+OUTCOME
TERCAPAI DG INPUT
MINIMAL (EFISIENSI)
OUTPUT
OUTCOME
APA OUTPUTNYA?
APA OUTCOMENYA?
DARI MANA SUMBER
RUJUKANNYA?
TERIMA KASIH
BE
PE RBA
NG
AL GI
AM
N
A
APA CIRI
YG BAIK
DI
SAIMS?