t pd 0707310 table of content
DAFTAR ISI
Hal
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. i
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................... ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................. xii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang ......................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 6
C. Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................... 7
D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................... 8
E. Asumsi Penelitian .................................................................... 8
F. Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................. 8
G. Definisi Operasional ................................................................. 9
H. Metodologi Penelitian ............................................................... 11
I. Lokasi dan Sampel Penelitian .................................................... 11
BAB II
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN
PENGUASAAN KONSEP IPAS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
A. Model Problem Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran Sains.... 12
vi
1.
Pelaksanaan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL)
dalam Pembelajaran ........................................................ 12
2.
Pembuatan Skenario PBL ............................................... 17
3.
Keuntungan dan Keterbatasan PBL ................................ 19
B. Penguasaan Konsep Siswa ..................................................... 21
C. Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis ................................................. 27
1.
Penerapan PBL dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan
Berpikir Kritis di Sekolah Dasar..................................... 30
2.
Indikator Berpikir Kritis ................................................. 33
D. Materi Pokok dalam Penelitian .............................................. 35
1.
Proses Daur Air............................................................... 39
2.
Kegiatan Manusia yang Mempengaruhi Daur Air.......... 39
3.
Tindakan Penghematan Air ............................................ 41
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. Desain Penelitian .................................................................. 44
B. Lokasi dan Subjek Penelitian ................................................ 44
C. Variabel Penelitian ................................................................ 46
D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................... 46
E. Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................ 48
F. Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................... 49
G. Ujicoba Instrumen ................................................................ 53
H. Analisis Instrumen Penelitian ............................................... 54
I. Analisis Data Penelitian ........................................................ 63
vii
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa ................................
64
1. Gambaran Umum Penerapan PBL terhadap Penguasaan
Konsep Siswa ................................................................. 65
2. Uji Normalitas dan Uji Beda Rata-rata .......................... 69
3. Uji Hipotesis Keterampilan Berpikir kritis Siswa .......... 71
4. Keterampilan Berpikir kritis Siswa Setiap Indikator...... 74
B
Penguasaan Konsep IPA Siswa .......................................... 80
1. Gambaran Umum Penerapan PBL terhadap Penguasaan
Konsep IPA .................................................................... 81
2. Uji Normalitas dan Uji Beda Rata-rata .......................... 84
3. Uji Hipotesis Penguasaan Konsep Siswa ....................... 87
4. Penguasaan Siswa Terhadap setiap Sub Konsep ............ 91
C. Gambaran Kemunculan Aspek PBL dalam Pembelajaran .. 98
D. Tanggapan Siswa Terhadap pembelajaran dengan model
PBL...................................................................................... 107
BAB V
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 111
B. Saran-saran ............................................................................ 112
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................ 114
LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ 120
viii
Hal
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. i
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................... ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................. xii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang ......................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 6
C. Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................... 7
D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................... 8
E. Asumsi Penelitian .................................................................... 8
F. Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................. 8
G. Definisi Operasional ................................................................. 9
H. Metodologi Penelitian ............................................................... 11
I. Lokasi dan Sampel Penelitian .................................................... 11
BAB II
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN
PENGUASAAN KONSEP IPAS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
A. Model Problem Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran Sains.... 12
vi
1.
Pelaksanaan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL)
dalam Pembelajaran ........................................................ 12
2.
Pembuatan Skenario PBL ............................................... 17
3.
Keuntungan dan Keterbatasan PBL ................................ 19
B. Penguasaan Konsep Siswa ..................................................... 21
C. Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis ................................................. 27
1.
Penerapan PBL dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan
Berpikir Kritis di Sekolah Dasar..................................... 30
2.
Indikator Berpikir Kritis ................................................. 33
D. Materi Pokok dalam Penelitian .............................................. 35
1.
Proses Daur Air............................................................... 39
2.
Kegiatan Manusia yang Mempengaruhi Daur Air.......... 39
3.
Tindakan Penghematan Air ............................................ 41
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. Desain Penelitian .................................................................. 44
B. Lokasi dan Subjek Penelitian ................................................ 44
C. Variabel Penelitian ................................................................ 46
D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................... 46
E. Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................ 48
F. Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................... 49
G. Ujicoba Instrumen ................................................................ 53
H. Analisis Instrumen Penelitian ............................................... 54
I. Analisis Data Penelitian ........................................................ 63
vii
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa ................................
64
1. Gambaran Umum Penerapan PBL terhadap Penguasaan
Konsep Siswa ................................................................. 65
2. Uji Normalitas dan Uji Beda Rata-rata .......................... 69
3. Uji Hipotesis Keterampilan Berpikir kritis Siswa .......... 71
4. Keterampilan Berpikir kritis Siswa Setiap Indikator...... 74
B
Penguasaan Konsep IPA Siswa .......................................... 80
1. Gambaran Umum Penerapan PBL terhadap Penguasaan
Konsep IPA .................................................................... 81
2. Uji Normalitas dan Uji Beda Rata-rata .......................... 84
3. Uji Hipotesis Penguasaan Konsep Siswa ....................... 87
4. Penguasaan Siswa Terhadap setiap Sub Konsep ............ 91
C. Gambaran Kemunculan Aspek PBL dalam Pembelajaran .. 98
D. Tanggapan Siswa Terhadap pembelajaran dengan model
PBL...................................................................................... 107
BAB V
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 111
B. Saran-saran ............................................................................ 112
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................ 114
LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ 120
viii