S ING 1106493 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION .................Error! Bookmark not defined.
PREFACE ..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABSTRACT ...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xi
LIST OF CHARTS.............................................................................................. xii
LIST OF FIGURE.............................................................................................. xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1
Background of the study ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2
Research Questions ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3
Aims of the study .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4
Significance of the study ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5
Scope of the study ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6
Clarification of Key Terms ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.7
Paper Organization .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.8
Concluding Remark................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW.............Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1
2.2
Writing .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.1
The Nature of Writing ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.2
The Aspects of Writing ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.3
The Process of Writing................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.4
The Principles and Strategies in Teaching Writing Error! Bookmark
not defined.
2.1.5
Teaching Writing......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Journal Writing........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
vii
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3
2.2.1
The Benefits of Journal Writing .. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2
Steps in Implementing Journal Writing .....Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Electronic Journaling............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1
2.4
E- mail as a Medium in JournalingError! Bookmark not defined.
Recount Text ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.1
Definition .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2
Generic Structure......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.3
Linguistic Features ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.4
Example of Recount Text............ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5
Feedback.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.6
Multiple-draft Writing ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.7
Related Studies ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.8
Concluding Remark................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY..........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1
Research Design ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1.1
Variables...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2
Research Site and Participants ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3
Hypothesis ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4
Population and Samples .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5
Data Collection........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6
3.5.1
Research Instruments .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5.2
Teaching Materials ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Research Procedures ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.1
Preparing Lesson Plans ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.2
Making Research Instruments ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.3
Administering Pilot Test ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.4
Conducting Pretest ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.5
Teaching Phases .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
viii
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.6.6
Conducting Posttest..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.7
Administering Questionnaire ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.7.1 Validity and Reliability ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7
Data Analysis .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.1
Scoring Technique....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.2
Data Analysis on Pilot Test ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3
Data Analysis on Pretest and Posttest ........Error! Bookmark not
defined.
3.7.3.1 Normality Distribution ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3.3 Independent t-test ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3.4 Dependent t-test........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3.5 Effect Size ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.4
3.8
Data Analysis on Questionnaire .. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Concluding Remark................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1
Findings ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1
Pretest Analysis in the Experimental Group and Control Group
..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1 Normality Distribution Test ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.3 Independent t-test ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2
Posttest Data Result..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.1 Normality Distribution ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.3 Independent t-test ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3
Pretest and Posttest Scores of Control GroupError! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1.4
Pretest and Posttest Scores of Experimental Group ............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
ix
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.5
Effect Size ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.6
Questionnaire Data Result........... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.6.1 Students’ Personal Feeling, Attitude, and Goals on the
Implementation of Electronic Journaling ...Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1.6.2 The Implementation of Electronic Journaling toward Writing
Improvement ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.6.3 Teacher’s Role in Learning ProcessError! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.6.4 The Advantages of Electronic Journaling ..Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.2
Discussion ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.1
The Effectiveness of Electronic Journaling in Improving Students’
Ability in Writing Recount Text . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2
Students’ Responses toward Electronic Journaling ............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2.1 Students’ Personal Feeling, Attitude, and Goals on the
Implementation of Electronic Journaling ...Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.2.2.2 The Implementation of Electronic Journaling toward Writing
Improvement ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2.3 Teacher’s Role in Learning ProcessError! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2.4 The Advantages of Electronic Journaling ..Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.3
Concluding Remark..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ....... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
5.1
Conclusion............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2
Suggestions.............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 70
x
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Example of Recount Text............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.1 Pre- and Posttest Design..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.2 Research Schedule ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.3 Framework of Questionnaire.......................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.4 Numeric and Rubric Scoring Guide ............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.5 The Scale of Effect Size ..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.1 Questionnaire Result (in percentile)............Error! Bookmark not defined.
xi
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF CHARTS
Chart 4.1 Mean Score on Pretest of the Experimental Group and Control Group Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.2Mean Score on Posttest of the Experimental Group and Control GroupError!
Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.3 Mean Score on Pretest and Posttest of Control Group Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Chart 4.4 Mean Score on Pretest and Posttest of Experimental Group ............ Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.5 Data Percentage of Question Number 1 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.6 Data Percentage of Question Number 2 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.7 Data Percentage of Question Number 3 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.8 Data Percentage of Question Number 4 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.9 Data Percentage of Question Number 5 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.10 Data Percentage of Question Number 7 ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.11 Data Percentage of Question Number 16 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.12 Data Percentage of Question Number 8 ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
xii
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
Chart 4.13 Data Percentage of Question Number 9 ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.14 Data Percentage of Question Number 12 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.15 Data Percentage of Question Number 13 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.16 Data Percentage of Question Number 6 ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.17 Data Percentage of Question Number 10 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.18 Data Percentage of Question Number 11 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.19 Data Percentage of Question Number 14 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Writing Process Wheel (Harmer, 2004 p. 6)Error! Bookmark not defined.
xiii
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
PAGE OF APPROVAL ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION .................Error! Bookmark not defined.
PREFACE ..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABSTRACT ...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xi
LIST OF CHARTS.............................................................................................. xii
LIST OF FIGURE.............................................................................................. xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1
Background of the study ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2
Research Questions ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3
Aims of the study .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4
Significance of the study ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5
Scope of the study ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6
Clarification of Key Terms ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.7
Paper Organization .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.8
Concluding Remark................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW.............Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1
2.2
Writing .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.1
The Nature of Writing ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.2
The Aspects of Writing ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.3
The Process of Writing................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1.4
The Principles and Strategies in Teaching Writing Error! Bookmark
not defined.
2.1.5
Teaching Writing......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Journal Writing........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
vii
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3
2.2.1
The Benefits of Journal Writing .. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2
Steps in Implementing Journal Writing .....Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Electronic Journaling............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1
2.4
E- mail as a Medium in JournalingError! Bookmark not defined.
Recount Text ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.1
Definition .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2
Generic Structure......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.3
Linguistic Features ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.4
Example of Recount Text............ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5
Feedback.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.6
Multiple-draft Writing ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.7
Related Studies ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.8
Concluding Remark................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY..........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1
Research Design ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1.1
Variables...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2
Research Site and Participants ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3
Hypothesis ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4
Population and Samples .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5
Data Collection........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6
3.5.1
Research Instruments .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5.2
Teaching Materials ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Research Procedures ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.1
Preparing Lesson Plans ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.2
Making Research Instruments ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.3
Administering Pilot Test ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.4
Conducting Pretest ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.5
Teaching Phases .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
viii
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.6.6
Conducting Posttest..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.7
Administering Questionnaire ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.7.1 Validity and Reliability ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7
Data Analysis .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.1
Scoring Technique....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.2
Data Analysis on Pilot Test ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3
Data Analysis on Pretest and Posttest ........Error! Bookmark not
defined.
3.7.3.1 Normality Distribution ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3.3 Independent t-test ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3.4 Dependent t-test........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.3.5 Effect Size ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7.4
3.8
Data Analysis on Questionnaire .. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Concluding Remark................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1
Findings ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1
Pretest Analysis in the Experimental Group and Control Group
..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1 Normality Distribution Test ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.3 Independent t-test ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2
Posttest Data Result..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.1 Normality Distribution ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.2 Homogeneity of Variance Test ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.3 Independent t-test ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3
Pretest and Posttest Scores of Control GroupError! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1.4
Pretest and Posttest Scores of Experimental Group ............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
ix
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.5
Effect Size ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.6
Questionnaire Data Result........... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.6.1 Students’ Personal Feeling, Attitude, and Goals on the
Implementation of Electronic Journaling ...Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1.6.2 The Implementation of Electronic Journaling toward Writing
Improvement ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.6.3 Teacher’s Role in Learning ProcessError! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.6.4 The Advantages of Electronic Journaling ..Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.2
Discussion ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.1
The Effectiveness of Electronic Journaling in Improving Students’
Ability in Writing Recount Text . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2
Students’ Responses toward Electronic Journaling ............. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2.1 Students’ Personal Feeling, Attitude, and Goals on the
Implementation of Electronic Journaling ...Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.2.2.2 The Implementation of Electronic Journaling toward Writing
Improvement ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2.3 Teacher’s Role in Learning ProcessError! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2.4 The Advantages of Electronic Journaling ..Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.3
Concluding Remark..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ....... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
5.1
Conclusion............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2
Suggestions.............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 70
x
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Example of Recount Text............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.1 Pre- and Posttest Design..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.2 Research Schedule ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.3 Framework of Questionnaire.......................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.4 Numeric and Rubric Scoring Guide ............Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3.5 The Scale of Effect Size ..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.1 Questionnaire Result (in percentile)............Error! Bookmark not defined.
xi
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF CHARTS
Chart 4.1 Mean Score on Pretest of the Experimental Group and Control Group Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.2Mean Score on Posttest of the Experimental Group and Control GroupError!
Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.3 Mean Score on Pretest and Posttest of Control Group Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Chart 4.4 Mean Score on Pretest and Posttest of Experimental Group ............ Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.5 Data Percentage of Question Number 1 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.6 Data Percentage of Question Number 2 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.7 Data Percentage of Question Number 3 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.8 Data Percentage of Question Number 4 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.9 Data Percentage of Question Number 5 ......Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.10 Data Percentage of Question Number 7 ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.11 Data Percentage of Question Number 16 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.12 Data Percentage of Question Number 8 ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
xii
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu
Chart 4.13 Data Percentage of Question Number 9 ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.14 Data Percentage of Question Number 12 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.15 Data Percentage of Question Number 13 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.16 Data Percentage of Question Number 6 ....Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.17 Data Percentage of Question Number 10 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.18 Data Percentage of Question Number 11 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chart 4.19 Data Percentage of Question Number 14 ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Writing Process Wheel (Harmer, 2004 p. 6)Error! Bookmark not defined.
xiii
Desi Ristiani, 2016
IMPROVING STUD ENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH ELECTRONIC JOURNALING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu|perpustakaan.upi.edu