Peran Indeks Syok Sebagai Prediktor Kejadian Kardiovaskular Mayor Pada Pasien dengan Infark Miokard Akut Non Elevasi Segmen ST
54
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Allgower M, Burry C. 1967. "Shock Index." Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
92: 1947-1950.
American Council on Exercise. Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factor Threshold.
http://www.acefitness.org/pdfs/ASCM-CAD-Risk-Factor-Chart.pdf
(diakses pada 23 Februari 2016).
Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, Casey Jr. DE, Ganiats TG, Holmes Jr.
DE, et al. 2014. "2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients
With
Non–ST-Elevation
Acute
Coronary
Syndromes:
Executive
Summary." Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Anderson ML, Peterson ED, Peng AS, Wang TY, Ohman ME, Bhatt DL, et al.
2013. "Differences in the Profile, Treatment, and Prognosis of Patients With
Cardiogenic Shock by Myocardial Infarction Classification: A Report From
National Cardiovascular Registry." Circulation Cardiovascular Quality
Outcome 6.
Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, McCabe CH, Horacek T, Papuchis G, et al.
2000. "The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-st elevation MI: a
method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making." JAMA 284:
835-842.
Aragam KG, Tamhane UU, Kline-Rogers E, Li J, Fox KA, Goodman SG, et al.
2009. "Does simplicity compromise accuracy in ACS risk prediction? A
retrospective analysis of the TIMI and GRACE risk scores." PLoS One 4:
e7947.
Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Ou F-S, Tamis-Holland J, Palazzo A, Roe MT, et al.
2010. "The Association of Admission Heart Rate and In-hospital
Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute
Coronary Syndromes: Result from 135.164 Patients in The CRUSADE
Quality Improvement Initiative." European Heart Journal 31: 552-60.
Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Qu FS, Tamis-Holland J, Palazzo A, Roe MT, et al.
2009. "Blood Pressure Paradox in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
Coronary SYndromes: Results From 139,194 Patients in the CRUSADE
Quality Improvement Initiative." American Heart Journal 157 (3): 525-531.
Bilkova D, Motovska Z, Widimsky P, et al. 2011. "Shock index: A Simple Clinical
Parameter for Quick Mortality Risk Assessment in Acute Myocardial
Infarction." Canadian Journal of Cardiology 27: 739-742.
Boersma E, Pieper KS, Steyerberg EW, Wilcox RG, Chang WC, Lee KL, et al.
2000. "Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation. Results from an International
Trial Of 9461 Patients. The Pursuit Investigators." Circulation 101: 25572567.
Braunwald E, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby, P. 2012. Braunwald's Heart
Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Edisi 9. Philadelphia:
Elsevier Saunders.
Bursi F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL. 2006. "Mitral regurgitation
after myocardial infarction: A review." New England Journal of Medicine
119: 103.
Ceremuzynski L. 1981. "Hormonal and Metabolic Reactions Evoked by Acute
Myocardial Infarction." Circulation Research 48: 767-776.
Chang H, Min JK, Rao SV, Patel MR, Simonetti OP, Ambrosio G, et al. 2012.
"Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Targeted
Imaging
to
Refine
Upstream
Risk
Stratification."
Circulation
Cardiovascular Imaging 5: 536-546.
Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, Beller GA, Bierman FZ, Davis JL.
2003. "ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application
of Echocardiography." Journal of the American College Of Cardiology.
Chobanian A, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr. JL, et al.
2004. The Seventh Report of The Joint National COmmitte on Prevention,
Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Wahington:
US Departmen of Health and Human Service: National Institutes of Health.
Cook S, Hess OM. 2010. "Resting Heart Rate and Cardiovascular Events: Time for
A New Crusade?" European Heart Journal 31: 517-519.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
Dahlan, MS. 2005. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Penerbit
Salemba Medika.
de Araujo Gonçalves P, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. 2005. "TIMI,
PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and
interaction with revascularization in NSTEACS." European Heart Journal
26: 865-72.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2008. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta:
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 2013. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta:
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indoneia.
Despopoulos A, SIbernagi S. 2003. Color Atlas of Physiology. Stuttgart: Thieme.
Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJV, Ponikowski P, PooleWIlson PA, et al. 2008. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of
acute and chronic heart failure European Heart Journal. 29:2388-2442.
Diderholm E, Andrén B, Frostfeldt G, Genberg M, Jernberg T, Lagerqvist B, et al.
2002. "The Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Increased Troponin
T Levels and ST depression in Unstable Coronary Artery DIsease: The
FRISC II Invasive Troponin T electrocardiogram Substudy." American
Heart Journal 143: 760-767.
Expert Panel on Detection Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in
Adults. 2001. "Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National
Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection,
Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult
Treatment Panel III)." Journal of American Medical Association 285: 248697.
Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, Tendera M, Ferrari R. 2008. "Ivabradine for Patients with
Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Left-Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
(BEAUTIFUL): A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial."
Lancet 372: 807-816.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
57
Giannuzzi P, Imparato A, Temporelli PL, de Vito F, Silva PL, Scapellato F,
Giordano A. 1994. "Doppler-Derived Mitral Deceleration Time of Early
Filling as a Strong Predictor of Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure in
Postinfarction Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction." Journal
of American College Cardiology 23: 1630-1637.
Gouda M, Saa AM, Al-Daydamony MM. 2016. "Modified Shock Index as a
Predictor of In-Hospital Outcome in Cases of ST-Segment Elevation
Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary PCI." Journal of Cardiology
and Current Research 7 (4).
Graham LN, Smith PA, Stoker JB, Mackintosh AF, Mary DA. 2004. "Sympathetic
Neural Hyperactivity and Its Normalization Following Unstable Angina and
Acute Myocardial Infarction." Clinical Science (London) 106: 605-611.
Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Cannon CP, et al.
2003. "Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute
coronary events." Arch Intern Med 163.
Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, et al. 2011. "ESC
guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients
presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation." European Heart
Journal 32: 2999-3054. doi:doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr23.
Hasdai D, BErger PB, Battler A, Holmes Jr DR. 2002. Cardiogenic Shock:
Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey: Humana Press.
Hasdai D, Califf RM, Thompson TD, Hochman JS, Ohman EM, Pfisterer M, et al.
2000. "Predictors of Cardiogenic Shock After Thrombolytic Therapy for
Acute Myocardial Infarction." Journal of American College Cardiology 35:
136-143.
Herzog E, Chaudhry F. 2009. Echocardiography in Acute Coronary Syndrome.
London: Springer.
Hochman JS. 2003. "Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial
Infarction." Circulation 107: 2998-3002.
Hochman JS, Boland J, Sleeper LA, Porway M, Brinker J, Col J, et al. 1995.
"Current Spectrum of Cardiogenic Shock and Effect of Early
Universitas Sumatera Utara
58
Revascularization on Mortality. Results of an International Registry."
Circulation 91: 873-881.
Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Web JG, Sanborn TA, White HD, Talley JD, et al. 1999.
"Early Revascularization in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by
Cardiogenic Shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently
Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock?" New England
Journal of Medicine 9: 625-634.
Huang B, Yang Y, Zhu J, Liang Y, Tan H, Yu L, et al. 2014. "Usefulness of the
Admission Shock Index for Predicting Short-Term Outcomes in Patients
With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction." American Journal of
Cardiology 114: 1315-1321.
Irmalita, Juzar DA, Andrianto, Setianto BY, Tobing DPL, Firman D, et al. 2015.
Pedoman Tatalaksana Sindrom Koroner Akut. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta:
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia.
Kashour TS. 2014. "Shock Index: An Emerging Powerful Predictor Of Short and
Intermediate-Term Mortality in Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary
Syndromes." Journal of American College of Cardiology 63 (12): A209.
Keller AS, Kirkland LL, Rajasekaran SY, Cha S, Rady MY. hUDLESTON jm.
2010. "Unplanned Transfer to The Intensive Care Unit: The Role of The
Shock Index." Journal of Hospital Medicine 5: 460-465.
Kobayashi A, Misumida N, Luger D, dan Kanei Y. 2016. "Shock Index as a
Predictor for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Non-ST-Segment
Elevation Myocardial Infarction." American Journal of Cardiology 17 (4):
225-228.
Kumar R, Abbas A, Fausto N. 2005. Robbins and Cotran's Pathologic Basic of
Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. 2002. "Age-Specific
Relevance of Usual Blood Pressure to Vascular Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
of Individual Data for One Million Adults in 61 Prospective Studies."
Lancet 360 (9349): 1903-1913.
Lilly LS. 2011. Pathophysiology of Heart Disease : A Collaborative Project of
Medical Students And Faculty. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
59
Mohaved MR, John J, Hashemzadeh M, Hashemzadeh Mm. 2011. "Mortality
Trends for Non–ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) in
the United States from 1988 to 2004." Clnical Cardiology 34 (11): 689-692.
Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, Andreotti F, Arden C, Budaj A, et al.
2013. "2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery
disease." European Heart Journal 34: 2949-3003.
Morrow DA, Antman EM, Charlesworth A, Cairns R, Murphy SA, de Lemos JA,
et al. 2000. "TIMI Risk Score for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A
Convenient, Bedside, Clinical Score for Risk Assessment at Presentation:
An Intravenous nPA for Treatment of Infarcting Myocardium Early II Trial
Substudy." Circulation 102: 2031-2037.
Neumann F-J, Kastrati A, Pogatsa-Murray G, Mehilli J, Bollwein H, Bestehorn HP, et al. 2003. "Evaluation of Prolonged Antithrombotic Pretreatment
(“Cooling-Off” Strategy) before Intervention in Patients With Unstable
Coronary Syndromes: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of The
American Medical Association 290: 1593-1599.
Rady MY, Nightingale P, Little RA, Edwards JD. 1992. "Shock Index: A
Reevaluation in Acute Circulatory Failure." Resuscitation 23: 227-234.
Reinstadler SJ, Fuernau G, Eitel C, de Waha S, Desch S, Metzler B, et al. 2016.
"Shock Index as a Predictor of Myocardial Damage and Clinical Outcome
in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction." Circulation Journal 80: 924-930.
Reynolds HR, Hochman JS. 2008. "Cardiogenic Shock: Current Concepts and
Improving Outcomes." Circulation 117: 686-697.
Rimington H, Chambers JB. 2007. Echocardiography: A Practical Guide To
Reporting. London: Informa UK.
Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, Valgimigli M, Mueller C, Andreotti F, et al. 2015.
"2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in
patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation." European
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Ryden L, Standl E, Bartnik M, Vanden Berghe G, Betteridge J, de Boer MJ, et al.
2007. "Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases."
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Scirica B. 2010. "Acute Coronary Syndrome: Emerging Tools for Diagnosis and
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1403-1415. doi:doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.071.
Shangguan Q, Xu JS, Su H, Li JX, Wang WY, Hong K, et al. 2015. "Modified
Shock Index is A Predictor for 7-Day Outcomes in Patients with STEMI."
Am J Emerg Med 33 (8): 1072-1075.
Spyridopoulos I, Noman A, Ahmed JM, Das R, Edwards R, Purcell I, et al. 2015.
"Shock-Index as a Novel Predictor of Long-Term Outcome Following
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." European Heart Journal:
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The GUSTO IIb Investigators. 1996. "A Comparison of Recombinant Hirudin with
Heparin for The Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes." New England
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Topol, Eric J. 2007. Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 3th ed. . Philadelphia:
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2007. "Early prediction of infarct size by strain Doppler echocardiography
after coronary reperfusion." Journal of American College Cardiology 49:
1715.
Wong SP, French JK, Lydon AM, Manda SO, Gao W, Ashton NG, et al. 2004.
"Relation of left ventricular sphericity to 10-year survival after acute
myocardial infarction." American Journal of Cardiology 94: 1270.
World Health Organization. 2014. Global Health Estimates: Deaths by Cause, Age,
Sex And Country, 2000–2012. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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Disease Anagement in Primary Health Care. Publication Data, Geneva:
World Health Organization.
Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P. 1985. "Beta blockade during and
after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials." Progress
in Cardiovascular Disease 27: 335-371.
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61
Zarzaur BL, Croce MA, Fischer PE, Magnotti LJ, Fabian TC. 2008. "New Vitals
after Injury: Shock Index for The Young and Age X Shock Index For The
Old." Journal of Surgical Reseacrh 147: 229-236.
Zorzi A, Turri R, Zilio F, Spadotto V, Baritussio A, Peruzza F. 2015. "At-admission
risk stratification for in-hospital life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and
death in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients." European Heart
Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 3 (4): 304-312.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Allgower M, Burry C. 1967. "Shock Index." Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
92: 1947-1950.
American Council on Exercise. Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factor Threshold.
http://www.acefitness.org/pdfs/ASCM-CAD-Risk-Factor-Chart.pdf
(diakses pada 23 Februari 2016).
Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, Casey Jr. DE, Ganiats TG, Holmes Jr.
DE, et al. 2014. "2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients
With
Non–ST-Elevation
Acute
Coronary
Syndromes:
Executive
Summary." Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Anderson ML, Peterson ED, Peng AS, Wang TY, Ohman ME, Bhatt DL, et al.
2013. "Differences in the Profile, Treatment, and Prognosis of Patients With
Cardiogenic Shock by Myocardial Infarction Classification: A Report From
National Cardiovascular Registry." Circulation Cardiovascular Quality
Outcome 6.
Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, McCabe CH, Horacek T, Papuchis G, et al.
2000. "The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-st elevation MI: a
method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making." JAMA 284:
835-842.
Aragam KG, Tamhane UU, Kline-Rogers E, Li J, Fox KA, Goodman SG, et al.
2009. "Does simplicity compromise accuracy in ACS risk prediction? A
retrospective analysis of the TIMI and GRACE risk scores." PLoS One 4:
e7947.
Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Ou F-S, Tamis-Holland J, Palazzo A, Roe MT, et al.
2010. "The Association of Admission Heart Rate and In-hospital
Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute
Coronary Syndromes: Result from 135.164 Patients in The CRUSADE
Quality Improvement Initiative." European Heart Journal 31: 552-60.
Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Qu FS, Tamis-Holland J, Palazzo A, Roe MT, et al.
2009. "Blood Pressure Paradox in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
Coronary SYndromes: Results From 139,194 Patients in the CRUSADE
Quality Improvement Initiative." American Heart Journal 157 (3): 525-531.
Bilkova D, Motovska Z, Widimsky P, et al. 2011. "Shock index: A Simple Clinical
Parameter for Quick Mortality Risk Assessment in Acute Myocardial
Infarction." Canadian Journal of Cardiology 27: 739-742.
Boersma E, Pieper KS, Steyerberg EW, Wilcox RG, Chang WC, Lee KL, et al.
2000. "Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation. Results from an International
Trial Of 9461 Patients. The Pursuit Investigators." Circulation 101: 25572567.
Braunwald E, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby, P. 2012. Braunwald's Heart
Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Edisi 9. Philadelphia:
Elsevier Saunders.
Bursi F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL. 2006. "Mitral regurgitation
after myocardial infarction: A review." New England Journal of Medicine
119: 103.
Ceremuzynski L. 1981. "Hormonal and Metabolic Reactions Evoked by Acute
Myocardial Infarction." Circulation Research 48: 767-776.
Chang H, Min JK, Rao SV, Patel MR, Simonetti OP, Ambrosio G, et al. 2012.
"Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Targeted
Imaging
to
Refine
Upstream
Risk
Stratification."
Circulation
Cardiovascular Imaging 5: 536-546.
Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, Beller GA, Bierman FZ, Davis JL.
2003. "ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application
of Echocardiography." Journal of the American College Of Cardiology.
Chobanian A, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr. JL, et al.
2004. The Seventh Report of The Joint National COmmitte on Prevention,
Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Wahington:
US Departmen of Health and Human Service: National Institutes of Health.
Cook S, Hess OM. 2010. "Resting Heart Rate and Cardiovascular Events: Time for
A New Crusade?" European Heart Journal 31: 517-519.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
Dahlan, MS. 2005. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Penerbit
Salemba Medika.
de Araujo Gonçalves P, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. 2005. "TIMI,
PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and
interaction with revascularization in NSTEACS." European Heart Journal
26: 865-72.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2008. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta:
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 2013. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta:
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indoneia.
Despopoulos A, SIbernagi S. 2003. Color Atlas of Physiology. Stuttgart: Thieme.
Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJV, Ponikowski P, PooleWIlson PA, et al. 2008. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of
acute and chronic heart failure European Heart Journal. 29:2388-2442.
Diderholm E, Andrén B, Frostfeldt G, Genberg M, Jernberg T, Lagerqvist B, et al.
2002. "The Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Increased Troponin
T Levels and ST depression in Unstable Coronary Artery DIsease: The
FRISC II Invasive Troponin T electrocardiogram Substudy." American
Heart Journal 143: 760-767.
Expert Panel on Detection Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in
Adults. 2001. "Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National
Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection,
Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult
Treatment Panel III)." Journal of American Medical Association 285: 248697.
Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, Tendera M, Ferrari R. 2008. "Ivabradine for Patients with
Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Left-Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
(BEAUTIFUL): A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial."
Lancet 372: 807-816.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
57
Giannuzzi P, Imparato A, Temporelli PL, de Vito F, Silva PL, Scapellato F,
Giordano A. 1994. "Doppler-Derived Mitral Deceleration Time of Early
Filling as a Strong Predictor of Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure in
Postinfarction Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction." Journal
of American College Cardiology 23: 1630-1637.
Gouda M, Saa AM, Al-Daydamony MM. 2016. "Modified Shock Index as a
Predictor of In-Hospital Outcome in Cases of ST-Segment Elevation
Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary PCI." Journal of Cardiology
and Current Research 7 (4).
Graham LN, Smith PA, Stoker JB, Mackintosh AF, Mary DA. 2004. "Sympathetic
Neural Hyperactivity and Its Normalization Following Unstable Angina and
Acute Myocardial Infarction." Clinical Science (London) 106: 605-611.
Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Cannon CP, et al.
2003. "Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute
coronary events." Arch Intern Med 163.
Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, et al. 2011. "ESC
guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients
presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation." European Heart
Journal 32: 2999-3054. doi:doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr23.
Hasdai D, BErger PB, Battler A, Holmes Jr DR. 2002. Cardiogenic Shock:
Diagnosis and Treatment. New Jersey: Humana Press.
Hasdai D, Califf RM, Thompson TD, Hochman JS, Ohman EM, Pfisterer M, et al.
2000. "Predictors of Cardiogenic Shock After Thrombolytic Therapy for
Acute Myocardial Infarction." Journal of American College Cardiology 35:
136-143.
Herzog E, Chaudhry F. 2009. Echocardiography in Acute Coronary Syndrome.
London: Springer.
Hochman JS. 2003. "Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial
Infarction." Circulation 107: 2998-3002.
Hochman JS, Boland J, Sleeper LA, Porway M, Brinker J, Col J, et al. 1995.
"Current Spectrum of Cardiogenic Shock and Effect of Early
Universitas Sumatera Utara
58
Revascularization on Mortality. Results of an International Registry."
Circulation 91: 873-881.
Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Web JG, Sanborn TA, White HD, Talley JD, et al. 1999.
"Early Revascularization in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by
Cardiogenic Shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently
Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock?" New England
Journal of Medicine 9: 625-634.
Huang B, Yang Y, Zhu J, Liang Y, Tan H, Yu L, et al. 2014. "Usefulness of the
Admission Shock Index for Predicting Short-Term Outcomes in Patients
With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction." American Journal of
Cardiology 114: 1315-1321.
Irmalita, Juzar DA, Andrianto, Setianto BY, Tobing DPL, Firman D, et al. 2015.
Pedoman Tatalaksana Sindrom Koroner Akut. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta:
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia.
Kashour TS. 2014. "Shock Index: An Emerging Powerful Predictor Of Short and
Intermediate-Term Mortality in Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary
Syndromes." Journal of American College of Cardiology 63 (12): A209.
Keller AS, Kirkland LL, Rajasekaran SY, Cha S, Rady MY. hUDLESTON jm.
2010. "Unplanned Transfer to The Intensive Care Unit: The Role of The
Shock Index." Journal of Hospital Medicine 5: 460-465.
Kobayashi A, Misumida N, Luger D, dan Kanei Y. 2016. "Shock Index as a
Predictor for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Non-ST-Segment
Elevation Myocardial Infarction." American Journal of Cardiology 17 (4):
225-228.
Kumar R, Abbas A, Fausto N. 2005. Robbins and Cotran's Pathologic Basic of
Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. 2002. "Age-Specific
Relevance of Usual Blood Pressure to Vascular Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
of Individual Data for One Million Adults in 61 Prospective Studies."
Lancet 360 (9349): 1903-1913.
Lilly LS. 2011. Pathophysiology of Heart Disease : A Collaborative Project of
Medical Students And Faculty. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
59
Mohaved MR, John J, Hashemzadeh M, Hashemzadeh Mm. 2011. "Mortality
Trends for Non–ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) in
the United States from 1988 to 2004." Clnical Cardiology 34 (11): 689-692.
Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, Andreotti F, Arden C, Budaj A, et al.
2013. "2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery
disease." European Heart Journal 34: 2949-3003.
Morrow DA, Antman EM, Charlesworth A, Cairns R, Murphy SA, de Lemos JA,
et al. 2000. "TIMI Risk Score for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A
Convenient, Bedside, Clinical Score for Risk Assessment at Presentation:
An Intravenous nPA for Treatment of Infarcting Myocardium Early II Trial
Substudy." Circulation 102: 2031-2037.
Neumann F-J, Kastrati A, Pogatsa-Murray G, Mehilli J, Bollwein H, Bestehorn HP, et al. 2003. "Evaluation of Prolonged Antithrombotic Pretreatment
(“Cooling-Off” Strategy) before Intervention in Patients With Unstable
Coronary Syndromes: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of The
American Medical Association 290: 1593-1599.
Rady MY, Nightingale P, Little RA, Edwards JD. 1992. "Shock Index: A
Reevaluation in Acute Circulatory Failure." Resuscitation 23: 227-234.
Reinstadler SJ, Fuernau G, Eitel C, de Waha S, Desch S, Metzler B, et al. 2016.
"Shock Index as a Predictor of Myocardial Damage and Clinical Outcome
in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction." Circulation Journal 80: 924-930.
Reynolds HR, Hochman JS. 2008. "Cardiogenic Shock: Current Concepts and
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