Jurnal International Novice Voters Politics

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ASERS

Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017

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Quarterly
Volume VIII
Issue 2(24)
Spring 2017
ISSN: 2068-696X
Journal’s DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle
327

Spring 2017
Journal
of Advanced

Research in Law and Economics
Volume VIII,
Issue
2(24)

Editor in Chief

Contents:

Madalina Constantinescu
Association for Sustainable
Education Research and Science,
Romania, Romania

Co-Editors

1

Russell Pittman
International Technical Assistance

Economic Analysis Group Antitrust
Division, USA

Eric Langlais
EconomiX CNRS and Université Paris
Ouest-Nanterre, France

Editorial Advisory Board
Huseyin Arasli
Eastern Mediterranean University,
North Cyprus
Jean-Paul Gaertner
Ecole de Management de Strasbourg,
France
Shankar Gargh
Editor in Chief of Advanced in
Management, India
Arvi Kuura
Pärnu College, University of Tartu,
Estonia

Piotr Misztal
Technical University of Radom,
Economic Department, Poland
Peter Sturm
Université de Grenoble 1 Joseph
Fourier, France
Rajesh K. Pillania
Management Developement Institute,
India
Rachel Price-Kreitz
Ecole de Management de Strasbourg,
France
Andy Stefanescu
University of Craiova, Romania
Laura Ungureanu
Association for Sustainable Education
Research and Science, Romania,
Romania

2

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and Alexander Mikhailovich Solntsev
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Foreign Countries
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Kasevich, Galina Viktorovna Stankevich, and Polina Nikolaevna Durneva
The Social Aspects of Pension System Modernization in Modern Russia

… 342

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and Marina V. Vinogradova
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Strategic and Legal Alternatives in Case of Adverse Organizational Crisis Results.

The Bulgarian Case
by Margarita St. Bachvarova, and Tzveta J. Zafirova
… 357
Novice Voters Politics Culture (The Study About the Orientation of Novice Voters
Politics on the Election of the Mayor and Vice Mayor in Kendari in Year 2017)
by Unhalu Bahtiar
… 369
Assessment of Competitive Advantages of the Pavlodar Region and its Economic
Strength

6
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and Roza Kenzheevna Alimkhanova,
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and l. Gumilyev
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Frolova, and Mihail Nikolaevich Dudin
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Based on Fuzzy Logic
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10

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Applied Sciences - Frankfurt am Main,
Germany

… 411

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Olena Bielova, Yevgeniy Romanenko, and Roman Kaydashev

… 418

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11

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Abduction

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Goman, Yuriy Ivanovich Novikov, Valentina Ivanovna Popova, and Oleg
Anatolievich Blinov
… 426

Spring 2017
Volume VIII, Issue 2(24)

Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017

Re-Industrialization and Innovative Development of Russia

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The Problems of Economical Safety During the Formation of the Creative Cluster for
a Region
by Alyona Sergeevna Koksharova, Elena Nikolaevna Vanchikova, Vladimir Alekseevich
Ruban, Viktori ya Matveevna Baginova, Iand rina Arkhipovna Sharaldaeva
… 477
Some Aspects of the Formation and Development of the Jury in Foreign Countries
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by Galym Kozhakhmetov, and Manshuk Rakhimgulova
… 485
Provisions for Effective Development of Regional Agricultural Systems in Russia’s
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by Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov, Nadezhda Viktorovna Ukolova, Sergey Vladimirovich
Monakhov, and Juliya Anatolyevna Shikhanova
… 490
Information Flows Balance and Price of Real Estate
by Konstantin L. Lidin, Mark G. Meerovich, Elena A. Bulgakova,
and Svetlana A. Zabelina

… 496

The Concept of Common Heritage of Mankind in the Advisory Opinion of 1 February
2011 by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
by Siavash Mirzaee, Aslan Khuseinovich Abashidze,
and Alexander Mikhailovich Solntsev
… 505
Applying Methods of Estimating Indefiniteness Conditions
in the Context of Ensuring Economic Safety of Regions
by Anna Viktorovna Orlova, and Julia Vladimirovna Lyshchikova

… 511

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Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics
Volume VIII,
Issue 2(24)

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Influence of Marketing and Advertising on Efficiency of the Pharmaceutical
Distribution Services
by Nikolay V. Mordovchenkov, Larisa N. Mitroshkina, Gennady A. Tikhomirov,
and Elena V. Panina

… 520

Assessment of Risks of Investment and Construction Activities: Russian Practice
by N.A. Osadchaya, A.D. Murzin, and E.E. Torgayan

… 529

Social and Political Processes, Socialization Institutions and Youth Policy Subjects
of Modern Russia
by Nadezhda G. Osipova, Sergey O. Elishev, Gennadi B. Pronchev,
and Danila N. Monakhov
… 545
Transformation of Traditional Competitive Advantages of Companies Within
Ensuring the Economic Security
by Tatyana A. Polovova, Irina P. Gladilina, Yuri V. Gusev, Marina Yu. Pogudaeva,
and Vladimir V. Kolesnik
… 559
Modern Russian and Foreign Approaches to Strategic Planning
of the Regional Socio-Economic Development
by Vladimir Grigorievich Prudskiy, Grigoriy Alekseevich Demin, Andrei Mihailovich
Oshchepkov, and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Gershanok
… 570
Improvement of Assessment Mechanism of Agricultural Enterprises
Creditworthiness in Conditions of National Specificity
by Natalia Glebovna Sapozhnikova, Yelena Alekseyevna Batishcheva, Tatyana
Nikolayevna Steklova, Irina Anatolyevna Demchenko,
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Customer Decision: An Empirical Study on Sourcing Credit from Banks
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Impact of External Labor Migration on Labor Market Development

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Investment Valuation of Energy Efficiency Measures Within Mining Companies

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by Igor Sergeev, Anna Mineeva, and Olesia Lebedeva

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The Use of Special Knowledge in View of Investigation of the Crimes of an Extremist
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Dynamics Factors and Slow-Response Characteristics of Russian Trade Ties

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Efficient Model of Economic Growth in the Conditions of Post-Crisis Development
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Crisis Management of Regional Development: Cluster Initiatives in Russia and their
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by Sergey L. Vasenev, Natalya M. Ovanesyan, Marina V. Rossinskaya, Svetlana V.
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Current Trends Influencing the Competitiveness of International Tourism

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Analysis and Prospects of Developing Higher Education as a Key Factor of
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The Role of the Prosecutor in the System of Criminal Prosecution in Russia

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Methodological Basis for the Strategic Analysis of Development of International
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Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v8.2(24).05

Novice Voters Politics Culture (The Study About the Orientation of
Novice Voters Politics on the Election of the Mayor and Vice Mayor in
Kendari in Year 2017)
Unhalu BAHTIAR
Faculty of Political Science, University of Haluoleo
Kendari, Indonesia
bahtiar.unhalu.pj@gmail.com
Suggested Citation:
Bahtiar, Unhalu 2017. Novice voters politics culture (the study about the orientation of novice voters politics on the
election of the mayor and vice mayor in Kendari in year 2017). Journal of Advanced Research in Law and
Economics, Volume VIII, Spring, 2(24): 369 – 379. DOI: 10.14505/jarle.v8.2(24).05. Available from:
http://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jarle/index
Article’s History:
Received December, 2016; Revised February, 2016; Published March, 2017.
Copyright © 2017, by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved.
Abstract:
Democracy is important for every people, in order to create democratic country. The voter is an important part of democracy.
Simply election is the way of citizen to do politics activity or politics contract with another person or politics party who are
given the mandate or the authority to implement the partly power of people/voters. This study was conducted with the aim to
study about the orientation of novice voters politics on the election of the mayor and vice mayor in Kendari in year 2017. The
informant of the research was individual who would use his election rights for the first time in direct election. Structural model
presented the relationship among study variables. Coefficient of structural model stated the magnitude relationship between
one variable to another variable. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that factors that affect novice voters in
using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 are factor that influence older people,
factor of individual’s choice, factor of mass media, politics party and politics advertisement and contemporary friend.
Keywords: novice voters; democracy; local election; politics.
JEL Classification: C91; E60; F00; H82; D72.

Introduction
Indonesia makes democracy as a politics doctrine that is adhered, it is based on the opening of constitution in
paragraph 4. In the opening of the constitution there is sovereignty word that means supreme authority is in the
hands of the people. Democracy is important for every people, in order to create democratic country. The voter is
an important part of democracy. Simply election is the way of citizen to do politics activity or politics contract with
another person or politics party who are given the mandate or the authority to implement the partly power of
people/voters.
Politics culture is part of people culture with traits that are more typical. The term of politics culture
includes the legitimacy problem, authority management, process of policy making by Government, activity of
politics parties, behavior of nation apparatus, and the result of the people toward the ruling power. Politics activity
also enters religious world, economics and social activity, personal and social life widely. Regarding to the
politics education for students as part of people of novice voters in Local Leaders Election is expected to become
the learning process to understand nationalist. As it is known that Local Leaders Election is the changing process
of Mayor and Vice Mayor who are recognized lawfully, and the momentum for the people to directly determine
the spouse of Mayor and Vice Mayor that is suitable with people’s aspiration/desire.

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Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics

Originality for this paper shows: (1) novice voters used to be variables (2) case study election of Mayor
and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 (3) quantitative data from survey.
1. Literature Review / State–of–Arts / Research Background
1.1. The concept of novice voters
In the every implementation of General Election, there is first-time voters who deserve to get the opportunity to
vote. This group is often called as novice voters. Their ages range from 17 up to 21 years (Election Law) and in
average their status as students, university students, and youth worker. This group obviously has different
characteristic than other voters who already have experience in using their election rights on some of the
previous elections (Pahmi 2010, 54).
1.2. The concept of politics participation
According to Rosseau, politics participation consists of two types. First, the observer who pays attention to
politics is not only during election period, but also between one and another general election. Second, active
participation is the audience who not only observes, but also actively communicates with politics leader or
politician, both in Government and in Parliament or outside Parliament. There are several factors that affect its
high or low politics participation.
Firstly, politics awareness and trust in Government (politics system). What is meant by politics awareness
is awareness of rights and obligations as citizens.
Secondly, is concerning the knowledge from a person about people’s environment and politics, and is
concerning the interest from a person about his/her environment of people and politics. What is meant by
behavior and trust in Government is a person’s assessment toward Government.
1.3. Education and politics awareness of adolescents
In the general term, politics education is the way how a nation's politics culture transfers from generation to
generation (Panggabean 1994, 34). Meanwhile, the politics culture is the overall value, empirical belief, and
expressive symbol that determine the situations in the place where politics activity is implemented.
Politics education as a delivering process of the nation's politics culture includes politics ideals and
operational norms from the system of politics organization that is based on the values of Pancasila. Politics
education needs to be improved as politics awareness toward rights and obligations as a citizen, so students are
expected to participate actively in the nationalist life and development. Democracy education that is ideal
generally is part of good education. Referring to that it is suggested by Gandal and Finn (Saripudin 2001) that it
is needed to be improved the model of school-based democracy education.
1.4. Adolescents culture as a novice voters
Students or adolescents generally have current social system which seems to illustrate that they have their ‘own
world’. Adolescents’ culture is relaxed, free and tends to liking informal things and looking for fun, therefore all
things that less fun is avoided.
Adolescents need a support and consensus from their contemporary group. In this case any deviation of
values and norms in a group will receive censure from their group, because the relationship between the
adolescents and their group are solider and loyal. The adolescents generally over the groups that are smaller
based on similarities in interest, pleasure or other factors.
1.5. Politics behavior
The study on voters’ behavior is a study of reason and factor that cause individual to choose one party or
candidate who participates in politics dispute. Voters’ behavior either as constituent or general people here is
understood as part of the concept of people politics participation in the system that primaries tend to be
democratic.
According to Firmanzah (Efriza 2012, 480), generally voters are interpreted as all parties who became the
main goal of the contestants for being influenced and convinced to support and then give the vote for the
pertinent contestants. In this case voters can be either constituents or people who are feeling represented by a
certain ideology and then being manifested in politics institution such as politics party.

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Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017

1.6. Politics orientation and politics behavior
According to Ranney, there are two main components from politics culture. There are cognitive orientation and
affective orientation. Meanwhile, Almond and Verba with more comprehensive refer to what is formulated by
Parsons and Shils about the classification of the orientation types, politics culture that contains three components
of politics object as follows: Cognitive orientation that is knowledge of and credence in politics, the role and all
the obligations and its input and output. Affective orientation is a feeling toward politics system, the role, the actor
and his/her performance. Evaluative orientation is the decision and opinion about politics objects that typically
involve standard of value and criteria with information and feeling.
1.7. Factors that influence politics orientation of novice voters
According to Mulyas (2007, 267), factors which affect the politics participation of students as the novice voters
are explained as follows:
socioeconomic factor includes the knowledge level, education level and the number of students. This
has to be one of the factors that affect students as novice voters to actively participate in politics;
 politics factor according to Arnstein S.R (1969), includes: politics communication, politics awareness,
knowledge as novice voters toward the process of decision making and control as public policy;
 physical factor of individual and environment;
 factor of cultural value.


2. Methodology
The type of research that is used in this study is qualitative and quantitative approach, or that is known as mixing
methods. The use of qualitative method in this research is intended to gain deeper perspective about the
occurrence of election process congestion of Mayor in Kendari, the factors that affect election process
congestion of Mayor in Kendari.
Theoretically, qualitative method is used by some considerations, first; its adjustment more easily when
confronts with double reality, second; this method presents directly relationship between researcher and
respondent, and third; this method is more sensitive and more able to adjust to the many sharpening of collective
influence and toward the patterns that are encountered (Moleong 2002, 5).
The location of this research was in Kendari city. The researcher chose Kendari city for research location
because in Kendari city cold be held the Mayor election of Kendari in 2017 with the amount of novice voters that
were large enough with high plurality/heterogeneity and complex orientation. The informant of the research was
novice voters that are students in MAN 1 Kendari, SMK 3 Kendari, SMK 1 Kendari and university students as
much as 44 people. Novice voters were people who were in 17-21 years old or an individual who would use his
election rights for the first time in direct election.
The data that had been completed successfully from qualitative approach was analyzed both at the time
of the ongoing research and after the completion of the research field. Therefore the analysis model that was
used in this study was model from Miles and Huberman.
Therefore this research was descriptive-analytical, and then the analysis of the data was done
interactively and taking place continuously, included the process of data reduction, data presentation, and
summary. This process was conducted simultaneously in the field (analysis in the field) so that the data would be
more profound.
While the quantitative data from survey result would be analyzed quantitatively through frequency
tabulate, so it appeared clearly many variants that affected and dominant variable, which affected politics
orientation of novice voters as a form of politics culture.
3. Case studies/experiments/ demonstrations/ application functionality
3.1. The knowledge of novice voters about politics
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 15 people (34%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 25 people (67%).

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Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics

When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that
respondents who answer ‘very know’ about politics increases up to 13 people (59.50%) or increases around
20%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 23 people (52%) or increases up to 18%, and there are
only 8 people (17.50%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 40%. The comparison of the answer result can be
seen in the following Table 1.
Table 1. Knowledge of novice voters about politics on the election of the Mayor and Vice Mayor in Kendari in year 2017
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

4

9%

Very Know

13

29,50%

Know

15

34%

Know

23

52%

Don’t Know

25

57%

Don’t Know

8

17,50%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.2. The knowledge of novice voters about Democracy
The answer to the question of politics about democracy knowledge toward 44 respondents, can be explained
that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer ‘very know’
only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 12 people (27%) and who answer ‘do not know’
as many as 28 people (64%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can
be explained that respondents who answer ‘very know’ about democracy increases up to 11 people (25%) or
increases around 30%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 8 people (17%) or declines around
decreases up to 43%, and there are only 8 people (17%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 40%. The
comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 2.
Table 2. The knowledge of novice voters about Democracy
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

4

9%

Very Know

11

25%

Know

12

27%

Know

25

57,50%

Don’t Know

28

64%

Don’t Know

8

17,50%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.3. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Who used to do Democracy
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 10 people (23%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 30 people (68%). When being compared to the answer after the
implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer ‘very know’ about democracy
increases up to 17 people (39%) or increases around 20%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 21
people (48%) or increases up to 25%, and there are only 6 people (13%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around
55%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 3.

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Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017
Table 3. Voters Political Sciences starters on who should democracy
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

4

9%

Very Know

17

39%

Know

10

23%

Know

21

48%

Don’t Know

30

68%

Don’t Know

6

13%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.4. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Why used to do Democracy
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 12 people (27%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 26 people (59%). When being compared to the answer after the
implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer ‘very know’ about democracy
increases up to 15 people (34%) or increases around 25%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 23
people (32%) or increases up to 5%, and there are only 6 people (14%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around
45%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 4.
Table 4. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about why used to do Democracy
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

6

14%

Very Know

15

34%

Know

12

27%

Know

23

32%

Don’t Know

26

59%

Don’t Know

6

14%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.5. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Direct Voting
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 6 people (14%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 12 people (27%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 26 people (59%).
When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that
respondents who answer ‘very know’ about direct voting increases up to 15 people (34%) or increases around
25%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 23 people (32%) or increases up to 5%, and there are
only 6 people (14%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 45%. The comparison of the answer result can be
seen in the following Table 5.
Table 5. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Direct Voting
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

6

14%

Very Know

15

34%

Know

12

27%

Know

23

32%

Don’t Know

26

59%

Don’t Know

6

14%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.
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3.6. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about how Important Voting are
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 5 people (11%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 12 people (27%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 27 people (62%). When being compared to the answer after the
implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer ‘very know’ about how important
voting are increases up to 9 people (20%) or increases around 9%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as
many as 24 people (55%) or increases up to 28%, and there are only 11 people (25%) who ‘do not know’ or
declines around 37%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 6.
Table 6. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about how Important Voting are
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

5

11%

Very Know

9

20%

Know

12

27%

Know

24

55%

Don’t Know

27

62%

Don’t Know

11

25%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.7. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Constitution that Set the Direct Voting
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 3 people (7%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 5 people (11%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 36 people (82%). When being compared to the answer after the
implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer ‘very know’ about constitution
that set the direct voting increases up to 5 people (11%) or increases around 4%, and respondents who answer
‘know’ as many as 27 people (62%) or increases up to 51%, and there are only 12people (27%) who ‘do not
know’ or declines around 55%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 7.
Table 7. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Constitution that set the Direct Voting
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

3

7%

Very Know

5

11%

Know

5

11%

Know

27

62%

Don’t Know

36

82%

Don’t Know

12

27%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.8. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about the Stages of Direct Voting
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer do not know’ as many as 44 people (100%). When being compared to the answer after the
implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer ‘very know’ about the stages of
direct voting increases up to 5 people (11%) or increases around 11%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as
many as 30 people (69%) or increases up to 69%, and there are only 9people (20%) who ‘do not know’ or
declines around 80%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 8.

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Table 8. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about the Stages of Direct Voting
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

-

-

Very Know

5

11%

Know

-

-

Know

30

69%

Don’t Know

44

100%

Don’t Know

9

20%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.9. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Rights to Vote
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 17 people (39%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 23 people (53%).
When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that
respondents who answer ‘very know’ about rights to vote increases up to 15 people (34%) or increases around
23%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 25 people (58%) or increases up to 19%, and there are
only 4people (9%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 44%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen
in the following Table 9.
Table 9. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Rights to Vote
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

Very Know

4

9%

Very Know

15

34%

Know

17

39%

Know

25

58%

Don’t Know

23

53%

Don’t Know

4

9%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.10. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Requirement to be Voters
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 37 people
(84%) and who answer ‘do not know’ as many as 7 people (16%).
When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that
respondents who answer ‘very know’ about requirement to be voters increases up to 35 people (80%) or
increases around 80%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 9 people (20%) or decreases up to
64%, and there are 0people (0%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 16%. The comparison of the answer
result can be seen in the following Table 10.
Table 10. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Requirement to be Voters
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

-

-

Very Know

35

80%

Know

37

84%

Know

9

20%

Don’t Know

7

16%

Don’t Know

-

-

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.
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3.11. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about how to Voting
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 2 people (5%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 38 people (86%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 4 people (9%).
When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that
respondents who answer ‘very know’ about how to voting increases up to 30 people (68%) or increases around
55%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 11 people (25%) or decreases up to 61%, and there are
only 3 people (7%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 2%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen
in the following Table 11.
Table 11. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about how to Voting
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

2

5%

Very Know

30

68%

Know

38

86%

Know

11

25%

Don’t Know

4

9%

Don’t Know

3

7%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.12. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about election of Mayor 2017
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 2 people (5%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 9 people (20%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 33 people (75%).
When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that
respondents who answer ‘very know’ about election of mayor increases up to 7 people (16%) or increases
around 5%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 27 people (61%) or decreases up to 41%, and
there are only 10people (10%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 65%. The comparison of the answer result
can be seen in the following Table 12.
Table 12. The knowledge of Novice Voters about election of Mayor 2017
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

2

5%

Very Know

7

16%

Know

9

20%

Know

27

61%

Don’t Know

33

75%

Don’t Know

10

10%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.13. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about the Different of the Leader
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 5 people (11%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 7 people (16%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 32 people (63%).
When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that
respondents who answer ‘very know’ about Different of the Leader increases up to 12 people (53%) or increases
around 42%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 23 people (27%) or decreases up to 11%, and

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there are only 9 people (20%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 43%. The comparison of the answer result
can be seen in the following Table 13.
Table 13. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about the Different of the Leader
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

5

11%

Very Know

12

53%

Know

7

16%

Know

23

27%

Don’t Know

32

63%

Don’t Know

9

20%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.14. The Attitude of Novice Voters to Voting
The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents,
can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who
answer ‘very know’ only 27 people (61%), respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 4 people (9%) and who
answer ‘do not know’ as many as 13 people (30%).
When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that
respondents who answer ‘very know’ about Attitude to vote increases up to 34 people (77%) or increases around
16%, and respondents who answer ‘know’ as many as 0 people (0%) or decreases up to 9%, and there are only
10 people (23%) who ‘do not know’ or declines around 7%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in
the following Table 14.
Table14. The Attitude of Novice Voters to Voting
Before Socialization

Frequency

Percentage(%)

After Socialization

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Very Know

27

61%

Very Know

34

77%

Know

4

9%

Know

-

-

Don’t Know

13

30%

Don’t Know

10

23%

Total

44

100%

Total

44

100%

Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

3.15. Factors that affect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor of Kendari in
2017
Factors that affect novice voters in using their election rights are based on the data collection in the field,
interview result with 44 respondents that consist of students from MAN 1 Kendari, SMAN 3 Kendari, SMKN 1
Kendari and university students who are novice voters, then the researcher finds some factors that affect novice
voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 can be seen in the
following Table 15.
Table 15. Factors that affect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor of Kendari in 2017
No

Factor that affect

Frequency

Percentage

1

Parents

10

23

2

Self choice

20

45

3

Political party, mass media and political advertisement

9

20

4

Friends

5

12

44

100

Total
Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017.

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From Table 15 above, the predominant factors that affect novice voters in using their election rights in the
election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 are the factor in the election itself as many as 20 people
(45%) and the factor of older people as many as 10 people (23%).
3.16. Politics orientation of novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor of Kendari
in 2017
Politics orientation is the perspective from a group of people in the people structure their selves. The appearance
of the orientation is caused by the values that exist inside people and outside people that will form their behavior
and become their pattern to overview politics object.
4. Discussion
Novice voters’ knowledge toward the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017. Understanding and
knowledge of the participants are in average of 72%.
But from the behavior side, it turns out that this instrument has not been able to give factual overview
because the implementation time is not in unison with the implementation of election.
Therefore, it is needed to be conducted service activity for older people with more comprehensive pattern
in the future especially before and after the Local Leaders Election is conducted. However, the good enough
impression is that there is faith at least 77% of novice voters’ behavior to choose direct Local Leaders Election of
Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017. This means that democracy awareness increases rightly.
Factors that affect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of
Kendari in 2017. Politics behavior is generally determined by internal factor from the individual him/herself such
as idealism, intelligence level, conscience and external factor (environmental condition) such as religious affair,
social, politics, economics and other that surroundings it.
There are many factors that affect new voter in politics as follows: social economic factor, politics factor,
individual physic and environtment factor. Cultural factor is a basic that make a democration. Define a
preception, knowledge, attitude and politic beliefs.
Politics orientation of novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of
Kendari in 2017.
The description in the research discussion toward the politics orientation of the novice voters on the Local
Leaders Election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 that there are several important parts as follows:
cognitive orientation of politics participation of novice voters, affective orientation toward politics participation of
novice voters, and evaluative orientation toward politics participation of novice voters.
Conclusion
Based on the collective data result in the field and the research result on previous chapter, then researcher
concludes that:
factors that affect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of
Kendari in 2017 are factor that influence older people, factor of individual’s choice, factor of mass
media, politics party and politics advertisement and contemporary friend;
 dominant factor that affects novice voters in using their election right in the election of Mayor and Vice
Mayor of Kendari in 2017 are influence factor of individual’s choice (45%) and older people (23%);
 politics orientation of novice voters in using their election right in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor
of Kendari in 2017 whether it includes cognitive orientation, effective orientation or evaluative orientation
has led to the positive orientation, when the orientation that is showed by knowledge level and
frequency awareness, feeling and positive evaluation toward politics object.


Based on the conclusion result then researcher suggests:
 to improve the politics orientation of novice voters that is needed to be conducted the politics education
for the novice voters through formal, informal or non formal activity;
 General Elections Commission in Kendari city in the implementation of election socialization to regional
leader has to be more intensive in conducting the socialization by the guidance, election simulation,
introduction of candidates’ profile to the novice voters;

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

it is needed a continuously guidance to the novice voters and generally people in Kendari city in order to
maintain the politics awareness that has been awakened.

References
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[2] Arnstein, S.R. 1969. A Ladder of Citizen Participation, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35 (4):
216-224
[3] Efriza. 2012. Political Explore: A Study of Politics (In Indonesia Political Explore: Sebuah Kajian Ilmu Politik).
Bandung: Alfabeta.
[4] Moleong, L. 2002. Qualitative Research Methodology. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya.
[5] Mulyasa. 2007. Factors affecting Political Participation Student. Jakarta: Green School Pendidikan.
[6] Ngabiyanto. 2003. Exposure Subject of P