An Error Analysis In Writing Narrative Text Made By The Eleventh Grade Students Of SMK Teladan Sumatera Utara 1 Helvetia
AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING NARRATIVE MADE BY THE
ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK TELADAN SUMATERA UTARA
1 HELVETIA
A THESIS
BY
ATIKA AKHMAR
130721005
DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERISTY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT MADE BY THE
ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK TELADAN SUMATERA UTARA
1 HELVETIA
A THESIS
BY
ATIKA AKHMAR
REG NO. 130721005
SUPERVISOR
Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL.
NIP. 19570308 198403 1 004
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D
NIP. 19750209 20812 1 002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra Form
Department of English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Dr. H. Muhizar Mucthar, M.S
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
Secretary,
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held in the faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara on Monday, July 6th , 2015
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
…………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph,D.
…………………….
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum.
…………………….
Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL,
…………………….
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ATIKA AKHMAR DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS.
THIS
THESIS
CONTAINS
NO
MATERIAL
PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OF EXTRECTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS
BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR A AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE.
NO MATTER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE TO
ACKNOLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:………………………
Date
: July6th, 2015
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: ATIKA AKHMAR
TITLE OF THESIS
:
AN
ERROR
ANALYSIS
IN
WRITING
NARRATIVE TEXT MADE BY THE ELEVENTH
GRADE
STUDENTS
OF
SMK
TELADAN
SUMATERA UTARA 1 HELVETIA
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIA.
Signed
: …………..
Date
:July6th, 2015
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING NARRATIVE
MADE BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK TELADAN
SUMATERA UTARA 1 HELVETIA” berisi tentang analisa kesalahan yang dibuat
oleh siswa/siswi kelas sebelas (XI). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan
jenis-jenis kesalahan dan kesalahan yang paling dominan yang dibuat oleh siswa/i
berdasarkan jenis-jenis kesalahanya. Dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini, metode
yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dengan menerapkan metode kualitatif.
Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah dengan menyuruh
siswa/i menuliskan sebuah teks narativ mengenai pengalaman mereka saat liburan.
Berdasarkan grammatical aspek, kesalahan kesalahan yang dianalisis dibatasi hanya
pada penggunan past tense, adjective, adverb, article, preposition, possessive,
conjunction, punctuation, capitalization and spelling. Sebagai hasil penelitian,
ditemukan bahwa kesalahan yang dominant adalah kesalahan informasi 32,9%,
kesalahan kehilangan 26,1%, kesalahan penambahan 21,7% dan kesalahan susunan
19,3%. Dan hasil dari kesalahan secara keseluruhan, menunjukan bahwa kesalahan
informasi penggunaan past tense yang paling dominan 11,0%.
Keywords : Error analysis, kinds of error, narrative.
ABSTRACT
Thesis entitled “AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING NARRATIVE MADE
BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK TELADAN SUMATERA
UTARA 1 HELVETIA” contains about the analysis of errors made by the eleventh
grade students. The purpose of this study is to find out the kinds of error and the
dominant error made by the students based on the kinds of error. In completing this
research, the method that is used is field research by applying qualitative method.
The instrument used to collect data is by asking the students to write a narrative text
based on their experiences during holiday. Based on the grammatical aspect, the
errors should be limited in using past tense, adjective, adverb, article, preposition,
possessive, conjunction, punctuation, capitalization and spelling. As the result of the
research, it was found that the dominant error is Misformation Error 32,9%,
Omission Error 26,1%, Addition Error 21,7% dan Misordering Error 19,3%. And
from the general errors, it shows that Minsinformation Error in using past tense is the
dominant error 11,0%.
Keywords : Error analysis, kinds of error, narrative
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, “Alhamdulillah” the writer gives praise and thank to Allah SWT
who has given her the mercy such as life, healthy, times, believe, and blessing.
Shalawat and Salam for the Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the
darkness to the brightness.
This thesis could have been accomplished with the guidance, suggestions
and comments from many people. In this occasion, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude toward her supervisor, Drs. Chairul Husni, M.ED. TESOL
and co-supervisor, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D, for the benefit of their wide
knowledge and for their suggestions, guidance and advice in making corrections to
this thesis.
Her gratitude also goes to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Dr. Syahron
Lubis, the Head of English Departement Dr. Muhizar Muchtar M.S. and the
Secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti M.A., Ph.D. She also
wishes to express her thanks to all the lectures of the English Department for their
helping and valuable knowledge during her study at this department.
The writer wishes to thank Anton Sinaga, S.Pd, the headmaster of SMK
Teladan Sumatera Utara 1 for having allowed the students in grade XI as respondents
of this study and the entire teachers, especially Elfrida C. Sembiring, S.Pd, for all
the time, the information about learning process of English, and for guidance there
and for all the students who have a good cooperation and all the administration staff.
Then, her deepest thank and love go to her beloved parents, Achyar Syauraf
and Dra. Maria br. Bangun, who have patiently given moral, spiritual, and prays to
their daughter. She also thank to her siblings, Yulia Akhyar, SS., Annisa Nadra,
A.Md and Indra Mulia A,Md who have really support her education from the first
semester until completed this thesis.
For her best friends Ingrid, Dayana, Nelfi, Yati who always gave her support,
critics, and advices. Then for her dearest partner Ivana who always sat beside her
during the academic years. The last but not least, thanks for her friends Sheila,
Mariaty, Reza, Rummy, Siti, Tya, Winda, Hanna and Rasingan who gives
contribution in supporting the writer to complete the study and her thesis.
Finally, I hope that this thesis will be worthwhile contribution for the readers.
And also receive any constructive criticism to develop this thesis.
Medan, July 2015
The Writer
Atika Akhmar
NIM. 130721005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION....................................................................
i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................
ii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...........................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.................................................................
1
1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................
1
1.2 Problem of the Study .............................................................
3
1.3 Scope of the Study ................................................................
3
1.4 Objective of the Study ...........................................................
4
1.5 Significance of the Study ......................................................
4
CHAPTER II REVIEWOF LITERATURE .............................................
5
2.1 Previous Studies ....................................................................
5
2.2 Definition of Writing.............................................................
7
2.3 The Features of Effective Writing.........................................
8
2.4 Text and Genre ......................................................................
9
2.4.1 Narrative Text…………………………………………….
12
2.4.2The Generic Structure of Narrative Text ………………....
12
2.4.3The Language Feature of Narrative Text ……………… ...
13
2.4.4The example of narrative text ………………………….. ..
16
2.5 Grammar ...............................................................................
17
2.6 English Tense .......................................................................
18
2.7 Definition of Error Analysis..................................................
20
2.7.1Types of Error .....................................................................
21
2.7.2Sources of Error ..................................................................
23
2.7.3The causes of Error .............................................................
23
CHAPTER III METHODEAND RESEARCH .........................................
25
3.1 Research Design ....................................................................
25
3.2 Population and Sample ..........................................................
26
3.2.1 Population ..........................................................................
26
3.2.2 Sample ................................................................................
26
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data ...............................................
27
3.4 Instrument of Collecting Data ...............................................
27
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data ..............................................
27
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ...........................................
30
4.1 Data Analysis ........................................................................
30
4.1.1 Kinds of Error in Using Past Tense...................................
30
4.1.2 Kinds of Error in Using Adjective ....................................
38
4.1.3 Kinds of Error in Using Adverb ........................................
40
4.1.4 Kinds of Error in Using Article .........................................
40
4.1.5 Kinds of Error in Using Preposition..................................
43
4.1.6 Kinds of Error in Using Possessive ...................................
45
4.1.7 Kinds of Error in Using Conjunction ................................
47
4.1.8 Kinds of Error in Using Punctuation .................................
49
4.1.9 Kinds of Error in Using Capitalization ............................
51
4.1.10Kinds of Error in Using Spelling ......................................
51
4.2 Findings .................................................................................
52
4.2.1 The Table of Erros .............................................................
52
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
57
5.1 Conclusion.............................................................................
57
5.2 Suggestion .............................................................................
59
REFERENCES .............................................................................................
APPENDICES ..............................................................................................
61 `
List of Tables
Table 1. Kinds of Error…………………………………………………
52
Table 2. The Errors of Misformation …………………………………..
53
Table 3. The Errors of Omission………………………………………..
53
Table 4. The Errors of Addition…………………………………………
54
Table 5. The Errors of Misordering……………………………………..
54
Tbale 6. General Errors………………………………………………….
55
ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK TELADAN SUMATERA UTARA
1 HELVETIA
A THESIS
BY
ATIKA AKHMAR
130721005
DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERISTY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT MADE BY THE
ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK TELADAN SUMATERA UTARA
1 HELVETIA
A THESIS
BY
ATIKA AKHMAR
REG NO. 130721005
SUPERVISOR
Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL.
NIP. 19570308 198403 1 004
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D
NIP. 19750209 20812 1 002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra Form
Department of English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Dr. H. Muhizar Mucthar, M.S
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
Secretary,
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held in the faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara on Monday, July 6th , 2015
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
…………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph,D.
…………………….
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum.
…………………….
Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL,
…………………….
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ATIKA AKHMAR DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS.
THIS
THESIS
CONTAINS
NO
MATERIAL
PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OF EXTRECTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS
BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR A AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE.
NO MATTER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE TO
ACKNOLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:………………………
Date
: July6th, 2015
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: ATIKA AKHMAR
TITLE OF THESIS
:
AN
ERROR
ANALYSIS
IN
WRITING
NARRATIVE TEXT MADE BY THE ELEVENTH
GRADE
STUDENTS
OF
SMK
TELADAN
SUMATERA UTARA 1 HELVETIA
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIA.
Signed
: …………..
Date
:July6th, 2015
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING NARRATIVE
MADE BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK TELADAN
SUMATERA UTARA 1 HELVETIA” berisi tentang analisa kesalahan yang dibuat
oleh siswa/siswi kelas sebelas (XI). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan
jenis-jenis kesalahan dan kesalahan yang paling dominan yang dibuat oleh siswa/i
berdasarkan jenis-jenis kesalahanya. Dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini, metode
yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dengan menerapkan metode kualitatif.
Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah dengan menyuruh
siswa/i menuliskan sebuah teks narativ mengenai pengalaman mereka saat liburan.
Berdasarkan grammatical aspek, kesalahan kesalahan yang dianalisis dibatasi hanya
pada penggunan past tense, adjective, adverb, article, preposition, possessive,
conjunction, punctuation, capitalization and spelling. Sebagai hasil penelitian,
ditemukan bahwa kesalahan yang dominant adalah kesalahan informasi 32,9%,
kesalahan kehilangan 26,1%, kesalahan penambahan 21,7% dan kesalahan susunan
19,3%. Dan hasil dari kesalahan secara keseluruhan, menunjukan bahwa kesalahan
informasi penggunaan past tense yang paling dominan 11,0%.
Keywords : Error analysis, kinds of error, narrative.
ABSTRACT
Thesis entitled “AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING NARRATIVE MADE
BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK TELADAN SUMATERA
UTARA 1 HELVETIA” contains about the analysis of errors made by the eleventh
grade students. The purpose of this study is to find out the kinds of error and the
dominant error made by the students based on the kinds of error. In completing this
research, the method that is used is field research by applying qualitative method.
The instrument used to collect data is by asking the students to write a narrative text
based on their experiences during holiday. Based on the grammatical aspect, the
errors should be limited in using past tense, adjective, adverb, article, preposition,
possessive, conjunction, punctuation, capitalization and spelling. As the result of the
research, it was found that the dominant error is Misformation Error 32,9%,
Omission Error 26,1%, Addition Error 21,7% dan Misordering Error 19,3%. And
from the general errors, it shows that Minsinformation Error in using past tense is the
dominant error 11,0%.
Keywords : Error analysis, kinds of error, narrative
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, “Alhamdulillah” the writer gives praise and thank to Allah SWT
who has given her the mercy such as life, healthy, times, believe, and blessing.
Shalawat and Salam for the Prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the
darkness to the brightness.
This thesis could have been accomplished with the guidance, suggestions
and comments from many people. In this occasion, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude toward her supervisor, Drs. Chairul Husni, M.ED. TESOL
and co-supervisor, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D, for the benefit of their wide
knowledge and for their suggestions, guidance and advice in making corrections to
this thesis.
Her gratitude also goes to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Dr. Syahron
Lubis, the Head of English Departement Dr. Muhizar Muchtar M.S. and the
Secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti M.A., Ph.D. She also
wishes to express her thanks to all the lectures of the English Department for their
helping and valuable knowledge during her study at this department.
The writer wishes to thank Anton Sinaga, S.Pd, the headmaster of SMK
Teladan Sumatera Utara 1 for having allowed the students in grade XI as respondents
of this study and the entire teachers, especially Elfrida C. Sembiring, S.Pd, for all
the time, the information about learning process of English, and for guidance there
and for all the students who have a good cooperation and all the administration staff.
Then, her deepest thank and love go to her beloved parents, Achyar Syauraf
and Dra. Maria br. Bangun, who have patiently given moral, spiritual, and prays to
their daughter. She also thank to her siblings, Yulia Akhyar, SS., Annisa Nadra,
A.Md and Indra Mulia A,Md who have really support her education from the first
semester until completed this thesis.
For her best friends Ingrid, Dayana, Nelfi, Yati who always gave her support,
critics, and advices. Then for her dearest partner Ivana who always sat beside her
during the academic years. The last but not least, thanks for her friends Sheila,
Mariaty, Reza, Rummy, Siti, Tya, Winda, Hanna and Rasingan who gives
contribution in supporting the writer to complete the study and her thesis.
Finally, I hope that this thesis will be worthwhile contribution for the readers.
And also receive any constructive criticism to develop this thesis.
Medan, July 2015
The Writer
Atika Akhmar
NIM. 130721005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION....................................................................
i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................
ii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...........................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.................................................................
1
1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................
1
1.2 Problem of the Study .............................................................
3
1.3 Scope of the Study ................................................................
3
1.4 Objective of the Study ...........................................................
4
1.5 Significance of the Study ......................................................
4
CHAPTER II REVIEWOF LITERATURE .............................................
5
2.1 Previous Studies ....................................................................
5
2.2 Definition of Writing.............................................................
7
2.3 The Features of Effective Writing.........................................
8
2.4 Text and Genre ......................................................................
9
2.4.1 Narrative Text…………………………………………….
12
2.4.2The Generic Structure of Narrative Text ………………....
12
2.4.3The Language Feature of Narrative Text ……………… ...
13
2.4.4The example of narrative text ………………………….. ..
16
2.5 Grammar ...............................................................................
17
2.6 English Tense .......................................................................
18
2.7 Definition of Error Analysis..................................................
20
2.7.1Types of Error .....................................................................
21
2.7.2Sources of Error ..................................................................
23
2.7.3The causes of Error .............................................................
23
CHAPTER III METHODEAND RESEARCH .........................................
25
3.1 Research Design ....................................................................
25
3.2 Population and Sample ..........................................................
26
3.2.1 Population ..........................................................................
26
3.2.2 Sample ................................................................................
26
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data ...............................................
27
3.4 Instrument of Collecting Data ...............................................
27
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data ..............................................
27
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ...........................................
30
4.1 Data Analysis ........................................................................
30
4.1.1 Kinds of Error in Using Past Tense...................................
30
4.1.2 Kinds of Error in Using Adjective ....................................
38
4.1.3 Kinds of Error in Using Adverb ........................................
40
4.1.4 Kinds of Error in Using Article .........................................
40
4.1.5 Kinds of Error in Using Preposition..................................
43
4.1.6 Kinds of Error in Using Possessive ...................................
45
4.1.7 Kinds of Error in Using Conjunction ................................
47
4.1.8 Kinds of Error in Using Punctuation .................................
49
4.1.9 Kinds of Error in Using Capitalization ............................
51
4.1.10Kinds of Error in Using Spelling ......................................
51
4.2 Findings .................................................................................
52
4.2.1 The Table of Erros .............................................................
52
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
57
5.1 Conclusion.............................................................................
57
5.2 Suggestion .............................................................................
59
REFERENCES .............................................................................................
APPENDICES ..............................................................................................
61 `
List of Tables
Table 1. Kinds of Error…………………………………………………
52
Table 2. The Errors of Misformation …………………………………..
53
Table 3. The Errors of Omission………………………………………..
53
Table 4. The Errors of Addition…………………………………………
54
Table 5. The Errors of Misordering……………………………………..
54
Tbale 6. General Errors………………………………………………….
55