SPEECH FUNCTION IN THE WITHDRAWAL SPEECH OF PRABOWO-HATTA ON THE INDONESIA PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2014-2019.
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s Policy on Academic
integrity. Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work,
has been expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted
for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise
for plagiarism.
Medan,
July 2015
Hasbi Ramadhan
Reg. No. 2112220007
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The greatest gratitude is expressed to Allah SWT, the Almighty and Most
Beneficial for His Grace, Guidance, Praise, Honor, and Mercy that has been given
to the writer so that he finally accomplished his thesis entitled: “Speech Function
in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential
Election 2014-2019”.
In completing this thesis, the writer realized that he faced some problems
and he had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and comments and got a
lot of assistance and moral support from many people. Therefore, the writer
would like to express her gratitude and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages
and Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department and also his Thesis Examiner, Dra. Meisuri, M.A. the
Secretary of English and Literature Department and also his Thesis
Consultant.
Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English
Education Department, and Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M.Hum. the Head
of English Literature Program.
His Academic Advisor and also as his Thesis Examiner, Dr.
Zainuddin, M.Hum., and other his Thesis Examiner, Dra. Sortha
Silitonga, M.Pd who have given their precious time, guidances,
suggestions, and comments.
All Lecturers of English and Literature Department who have
taught, guided, and advised him throughout the academic years.
His special sincere gratitude goes to his beloved parents (May Allah
SWT watches over them), his lovely father Asrizal Razali, and his
beloved mother Junainis and all of his families for their endless love,
pray, inspiration, motivation, financial support, and everything that
they have given to the writer during his whole life.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd. and Pantes, the administration staff of
English Department, for their attention, assistance, and information.
ii
His thankfulness seniors, Dedi Sanjaya, Azhar Aziz Lubis,
Budiyanto, Benny Ichsanda, Faisal Hakim Lubis, Sukma Septian
Nasution, Andika Gautama Damanik, Rahmad Husein Nasution,
Ali Muis Dongoran, Irwan Saputra, Muhammad Yusuf, etc. for
their guidance, spirit, and motivation, in the organizations.
Rezeki Sofian, the crazy friend that has many assists in campus
activity. And for the special smart girl, Isma Eriyanti whose
kindhearted help, teach, valuable support and priceless time has
unforgettably assisted in his daily life.
All his best friends, David Sihite, Bobby, Swarman, Sofyan,
Swidanty, Bunga, Masri, Dahra, Ika, Khalida F, Martha SMMS,
Christina and also his dear brothers and sisters in HMJ BSI FBS
Unimed, thank you so much for every single smile laugh, tear, help,
struggle that we have passed and for sweet and happy memories we
shared together.
All his classmates in Sastra A 2011 who cannot be mentioned one by
one that conquered the lectures and shared knowledge, ideas, and
bitter-sweet of campus life together and have been cooperatively
supporting the writer in completing this thesis.
The writer realizes that this thesis still has the paucity, he conveniently
welcomes anysuggestions, comments, and advices that will improve the quality of
this thesis. He hopes that this thesis would be useful for those who are read and
interested in the field of this study.
Medan, July 2015
The writer,
Hasbi Ramadhan
Reg. No. 2112220007
iii
ABSTRACT
Ramadhan, Hasbi. 2112220007. Speech Function in the Withdrawal Speech
of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019. A
Thesis. English and Literature Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts.
State University of Medan. 2015
The study deals with the types of speech function used in the withdrawal speech
of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019. The
objectives of this research were to find out the types of speech function and to
describe the implication of the most dominant type of speech function. This
research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The data were 55
clauses taken from the withdrawal speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia
presidential election 2014-2019 which were collected by applying documentary
technique. The three types of speech function occurred in this speech, namely
statement (87,3%) , offer (1,8%), and command (10,9%). The most dominant type
of speech function was statement. The implication of using statement dominantly
was Prabowo-Hatta can declare all of aspects that they consider as their evidences
that to prove their argumentation to withdraw from Indonesia presidential election
2014-2019. By using statement dominantly, the power of this speech is more
powerful to influence the public opinion that will realize Prabowo-Hatta has
already known about the incident occurred in Indonesia Presidential Election
2014-2019. It can be illustrated through the use of statement by Prabowo-Hatta
that is in a practice considered as a representative of a power to state a strong
degree of certainty.
Key Words: Speech Function, Political Speech
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
vi
LIST OF FIGURE..........................................................................................
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION .............................................................
1
A. The Background of the Study .......................................
1
B. The Problem of the Study .............................................
4
C. The Objective of the Study ...........................................
5
D. The Scope of the Study .................................................
5
E. The Significance of the Study.......................................
6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...........................................
7
A. Theoretical Framework.................................................
7
1. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) ....................
7
2. Metafunction .............................................................
9
3. Speech Function .......................................................
11
4. Mood .........................................................................
16
5. Speech .......................................................................
19
6. Biography of Prabowo-Hatta ....................................
22
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................
26
A. Research Design ............................................................
26
B. The Source of Data ........................................................
26
C. The Technique of Collecting Data .................................
26
D. The Technique of Analyzing the Data ...........................
27
iv
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS .........
29
A. Data ...............................................................................
29
B. Data Analysis .................................................................
29
C. Research Findings ..........................................................
36
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................
39
A. Conclusion .....................................................................
39
B. Suggestion ......................................................................
40
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
41
APPENDIX I...................................................................................................
43
APPENDIX II .................................................................................................
46
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Cross-Classifying of Speech Function ..........................................
13
Table 2.2. Speech Function as Statement .......................................................
14
Table 2.3. Speech Function as Question ........................................................
15
Table 2.4. Speech Function as Offer ..............................................................
15
Table 2.5 Speech Function as Command ......................................................
16
Table 2.6. Realization of Speech Function in Mood ......................................
16
Table 2.7. The Scheme of Mood Structure of Clause ....................................
18
Table 4.1 The Number of the Type of Speech Function in the Withdrawal
Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election
2014-2019......................................................................................
i
29
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1. Parameters of Context of Situation ...............................................
i
9
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX I.
The Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia
Presidential Election 2014-2019 ..........................................
43
APPENDIX II. The Analysis of the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on
the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019 ...................
viii
46
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the Study
In an ordinary living, people live using language constantly because a
language is used as a means of communication or dialogue in their community.
Without language, people in community cannot cooperate in their activity
(Wardaugh, 1996:1). Language allows human to say things to each other and
express their communication needs.
In other words, it is said that the main function of language is as a
communication device and interaction instrument for all human. Language cannot
be separated from the human being, it is a media to say anything and express the
ideas, by using language, people can interact well, exchanging their ideas and also
to fulfill their needs. When exchanging and expressing ideas, human being
perform two roles namely giving and demanding, for the commodity such as
information and goods or services (Halliday, 1994:69). In systemic functional
linguistic (SFL), it is named speech function.
Speech function can be defined as the way speaker conveys his idea in
order to make listener or reader understanding the idea. There are four primary
forms of movement types of speech functions: statement, question, offer and
command (Halliday, 1994: 68-69). The four basic speech functions are related to
both the exchanged process. These basic speech functions to interact and negotiate
with others. Almost all of the language are used in our everyday interactions with
others can be accounted for by these four basic speech functions.
1
2
There have been some researches conducted previously on this issue. For
instances, Indari (2011) found that the most dominant type of speech function
used in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s speech is statment. This happens because
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as a speaker was giving the information for the
people. He was explaining about the case or issue to the people. so that the aim of
the speaking was to clarify the people about the issue. This research has found
that the speech is almost using statement in the sentence which is to help the
speaker to inform the people about the problem or the issue.
In line with that research, a similar research on Jokowi’s speech by
Tarigan and Natsir (2014) found statement as the most dominant type of speech
function used in Jokowi’s speeches. The speech itself is meant to give or state
information, the way of the speaker deliver the information about the Jakarta
city’s problem and how to solve it, the speaker’s planning for Jakarta, and give
thanks for the audience in Jakarta Anniversary to the audience by using statement.
Another research by Feng and Liu (2010) in Obama’s speech, all of the
clauses adopted declarative mood except sentence 1 and sentence 9 which are
imperative clauses. There are some considerations why he chose to use declarative
mood. First of all, he is the information-giver and he needs to state out his
opinions explicitly and express his ideas clearly. As the speech was given on his
100th day, lots of people attached great attention to it. Obama took office in such a
special time and “change” is the theme that Obama has been repeatedly
emphasizing in his campaign speech, and “Yes, we can” has become a slogan of
Obama. Obama made a promise of changing and creating a different and better
3
world for American people when he became the president, so it is his time to tell
people what kinds of changes have taken place and what kinds of achievements
they have made to prove their capability. Secondly, from the declarative mood,
the relation between Obama and the listeners is marked and his authority, status
and administration are well established. Declarative sentences not only function as
describing, explaining, confirming, but also as advising, suggesting and
encouraging. As a president, he has the authority to make comments and analysis
of current issues. His statements are believed to be convincing and confirming.
In this study, the researcher attempts to conduct this issue (speech
function) in the withdrawal speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia
Presidential Election 2014-2019 because based on the functions and contents,
political speech is a kind of public speech given by authorities with political
purposes that tries to influence a certain group of people, especially this speech.
This speech appeared when KPU was due to announce its official tally, Prabowo
withdrew from the race after having insisted on his victory since the initial quick
counts were released, although the majority showed Jokowi ahead. He attributed
this withdrawal to Indonesia "failing in its duty to democracy" because of
"massive cheating that is structured and systematic", and stated that he and Hatta
"exercise our constitutional right to reject the presidential election and declare it
unconstitutional”. His speech, aired live, implied that he would challenge the
results in the Constitutional Court. Later reports indicated confusion over whether
Prabowo had resigned from the election or simply rejected the count.
4
Another reason, the researcher prefer to discuss this speech because it is a
phenomenal speech which giving a different things than the other leader figure in
Indonesia in 2014. This speech and also its speaker became a phenomenon
because they are the first candidate that refused the presidential election as it is
known the highest democracy in Indonesia since reformation era. It was also the
first time since reformasi began in 1998 that the legitimacy of the election process
has been questioned. They have made a new history in Indonesia presidential
election.
B.
The Problems of the Study
In lines of background, the problems of the study are formulated as
follows:
1.
What types of speech function are used in the Withdrawal Speech of
Prabowo-Hatta as the first candidate that refused the Indonesia presidential
election since reformation era in Indonesia?
2.
What is the most dominant type of speech function in the Withdrawal Speech
of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019?
3.
How is the impact of the dominant type of speech function that is used in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election
2014-2019?
5
C.
The Objectives of the Study
Based on the problems of the study above, therefore the objectives of the
study are as follows:
1.
to find out the types of speech function used in the Withdrawal Speech of
Prabowo-Hatta as the first candidate that refused the Indonesia presidential
election since reformation era in Indonesia.
2.
to find out the most dominant type of speech function in the Withdrawal
Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019.
3.
to describe the implication of the dominant type of speech function in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election
2014-2019.
D.
The Scope of the Study
For facilitating, the scope of the study is limited on the use of speech
function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia
presidential election 2014-2019.
6
E.
The Significance of the Study
The researcher is expecting the study can be useful for:
1.
Academic Benefit
The result of the study having a goal for the students or other researcher to
have a desire deepen the linguistic especially relevant with sociolinguistics. Thus,
the paper can be benefits for politician, teacher, students, public speaker and
everyone who use the result of research to help in their life. Furthermore they are
able to understand the function of language that used.
It is hoped that the result of this study can give a valuable contribution for
another further research and encourage English and Literature Department
students to learn about Systemic Functional Linguistics, especially speech
function analysis. They are also able to use this paper as an additional source to
widen the knowledge about speech function. Moreover, the readers are allowed to
recognize the definition of each type of speech function theory and to understand
the application as well as the function. Furthermore the result can be determined
how to useful the speech functions properly.
2.
Practical Benefit
This study is expected to be new information that delivers the contribution
for English academic workers or lecturers, especially for linguistic lecturers in
developing the material related to sociolinguistic and other linguistic fields.
Otherwise, as the useful reference for students who is doing the graduating paper
preparation about sociolinguistics.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A.
Conclusion
After analyzing the using of speech function in the Withdrawal Speech of
Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019, the conclusions
can be drawn as follows:
1. There are three types of speech function that are used in the Withdrawal
Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 20142019, namely statement (48 utterances, 87,3%) , offer (1 utterance,
1,8%), and command (6 utterances, 10,9%).
2. Statement is the most dominant type of speech function in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential
Election 2014-2019 because the point of rejection can be conveyed
through statement.
3. There are several implications of using statement dominantly in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential
Election 2014-2019, namely:
Prabowo-Hatta can make sure their voters receive their idea clearly
The power of this speech is more powerful to influenced the public
opinion that will realized Prabowo-Hatta has already known about
the incident that occurred in Indonesia presidential election 20142019.
39
40
Prabowo-Hatta can declare all of aspects that they consider as their
evidences to proved their argumentation to withdraw from
Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019.
B.
Suggestion
Having seen the results of this research, the suggestion that are given by
the researcher related to this topic namely:
1. For the political, especially for the candidate of leader, do the speech
without any political affairs. Be honest, wise, and capable to put on the
condition in the right track because a good leader comes from a good
behavior.
2. It is suggested for the language students to learn more about speech
function in order they can develop their understanding on how speech
function works in text especially in the speech side.
3. for the students or other researchers who have a desire deepen the
linguistic especially relevant with sociolinguistics. It can be used as a
reference when they decide to discuss the same topic for their thesis.
Furthermore they are able to understand the function of language that
used.
4. It is recommended to the lecturer hoped to give the attention by
studying about the speech in the class. It can help the students to make
the speech which is not long-winded speech.
REFERENCES
Bloor, T. and Bloor, M. 2004. The Functional Analysis of English Second Edition.
A Halliday Aproach. London: Oxford University Press.
Butt, D. et. al. 1995. Using Functional Grammar. Sydney: Macquarie University.
Butt, D. et. al. 2000. Using Functional Grammar Second Edition. Sydney:
Macquarie University.
Edmunson, W. 1970. Spoken Discourse. London: Longman.
Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London:
Convent Garden.
Eggins, S. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London:
Continuum International Publishing Group.
Feng, H. and Liu, Y. 2010. Analysis of Interpersonal Meaning in Public
Speeches—A Case Study of Obama’s Speech. Journal of Language
Teaching and Research. 1(6): 825-829.
Grolier, A. 1992. New Webster’s Dictionary. Connecticut: Grolier.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London:
Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M.A.K. 2009. The Essential Halliday. London: Continuum International
Publishing Group.
Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C. 2004. An Introduction to Functional
Grammar Third Edition. London: Hodder Education.
Indari, A. 2011. Realization of Speech Function in Mood in the Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono’s Speeches. Unpublished Thesis. Medan: State University of
Medan.
Isaac, S., & Michael, W. B. 1987. Handbook in research and evaluation. San
Diego, CA: Edits Publishers.
Kimps, D. 2014. A Speech Function Analysis of Tag Questions in British English
Spontaneous Dialogue. Journal of Pragmatics 66: 64--85Moleong, Levy J.
2000. Metodology Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Rosaen, A. and Sinaga, L. 2012. Speech Function in Feature Stories in Reader’s
Digest. LINGUISTICA Journal. 1(1): 24-32.
41
42
Saragih, A. 2014. Discourse Analysis. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan
Tarigan, Teguh K.I. and Natsir, M. 2014. Speech Function in Jokowi’s Speeches.
LINGUISTICA Journal. 3(1): 37-47.
Wardaugh, D. 1997. Introduction to Linguistics. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Inc.
http://www.galampang.com/biografi-prabowo-hatta-rajasa/, retrieved on March
19, 2015 at 13.00
http://profil.merdeka.com/indonesia/p/prabowo-subianto-djojohadikusumo/,
retrieved on March 19, 2015 at 13.05
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto_Djojohadikusumo, retrieved on
March 19, 2015 at 13.05
http://www.indonesia-digest.net/2300elections2014prabowo.htm,
March 19, 2015 at 13.10
retrieved
on
http://selamatkanindonesia.com/Prabowo.html, retrieved on March 19, 2015 at
13.15
http://selamatkanindonesia.com/Hatta.html, retrieved on March 19, 2015 at 13.17
http://hatta-rajasa.info/biografi, retrieved on March 19, 2015 at 13.20
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatta_Rajasa, retrieved on March 19, 2015 at 13.25
I have familiarized myself with the University’s Policy on Academic
integrity. Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work,
has been expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted
for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise
for plagiarism.
Medan,
July 2015
Hasbi Ramadhan
Reg. No. 2112220007
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The greatest gratitude is expressed to Allah SWT, the Almighty and Most
Beneficial for His Grace, Guidance, Praise, Honor, and Mercy that has been given
to the writer so that he finally accomplished his thesis entitled: “Speech Function
in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential
Election 2014-2019”.
In completing this thesis, the writer realized that he faced some problems
and he had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and comments and got a
lot of assistance and moral support from many people. Therefore, the writer
would like to express her gratitude and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages
and Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department and also his Thesis Examiner, Dra. Meisuri, M.A. the
Secretary of English and Literature Department and also his Thesis
Consultant.
Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English
Education Department, and Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M.Hum. the Head
of English Literature Program.
His Academic Advisor and also as his Thesis Examiner, Dr.
Zainuddin, M.Hum., and other his Thesis Examiner, Dra. Sortha
Silitonga, M.Pd who have given their precious time, guidances,
suggestions, and comments.
All Lecturers of English and Literature Department who have
taught, guided, and advised him throughout the academic years.
His special sincere gratitude goes to his beloved parents (May Allah
SWT watches over them), his lovely father Asrizal Razali, and his
beloved mother Junainis and all of his families for their endless love,
pray, inspiration, motivation, financial support, and everything that
they have given to the writer during his whole life.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd. and Pantes, the administration staff of
English Department, for their attention, assistance, and information.
ii
His thankfulness seniors, Dedi Sanjaya, Azhar Aziz Lubis,
Budiyanto, Benny Ichsanda, Faisal Hakim Lubis, Sukma Septian
Nasution, Andika Gautama Damanik, Rahmad Husein Nasution,
Ali Muis Dongoran, Irwan Saputra, Muhammad Yusuf, etc. for
their guidance, spirit, and motivation, in the organizations.
Rezeki Sofian, the crazy friend that has many assists in campus
activity. And for the special smart girl, Isma Eriyanti whose
kindhearted help, teach, valuable support and priceless time has
unforgettably assisted in his daily life.
All his best friends, David Sihite, Bobby, Swarman, Sofyan,
Swidanty, Bunga, Masri, Dahra, Ika, Khalida F, Martha SMMS,
Christina and also his dear brothers and sisters in HMJ BSI FBS
Unimed, thank you so much for every single smile laugh, tear, help,
struggle that we have passed and for sweet and happy memories we
shared together.
All his classmates in Sastra A 2011 who cannot be mentioned one by
one that conquered the lectures and shared knowledge, ideas, and
bitter-sweet of campus life together and have been cooperatively
supporting the writer in completing this thesis.
The writer realizes that this thesis still has the paucity, he conveniently
welcomes anysuggestions, comments, and advices that will improve the quality of
this thesis. He hopes that this thesis would be useful for those who are read and
interested in the field of this study.
Medan, July 2015
The writer,
Hasbi Ramadhan
Reg. No. 2112220007
iii
ABSTRACT
Ramadhan, Hasbi. 2112220007. Speech Function in the Withdrawal Speech
of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019. A
Thesis. English and Literature Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts.
State University of Medan. 2015
The study deals with the types of speech function used in the withdrawal speech
of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019. The
objectives of this research were to find out the types of speech function and to
describe the implication of the most dominant type of speech function. This
research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The data were 55
clauses taken from the withdrawal speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia
presidential election 2014-2019 which were collected by applying documentary
technique. The three types of speech function occurred in this speech, namely
statement (87,3%) , offer (1,8%), and command (10,9%). The most dominant type
of speech function was statement. The implication of using statement dominantly
was Prabowo-Hatta can declare all of aspects that they consider as their evidences
that to prove their argumentation to withdraw from Indonesia presidential election
2014-2019. By using statement dominantly, the power of this speech is more
powerful to influence the public opinion that will realize Prabowo-Hatta has
already known about the incident occurred in Indonesia Presidential Election
2014-2019. It can be illustrated through the use of statement by Prabowo-Hatta
that is in a practice considered as a representative of a power to state a strong
degree of certainty.
Key Words: Speech Function, Political Speech
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
vi
LIST OF FIGURE..........................................................................................
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION .............................................................
1
A. The Background of the Study .......................................
1
B. The Problem of the Study .............................................
4
C. The Objective of the Study ...........................................
5
D. The Scope of the Study .................................................
5
E. The Significance of the Study.......................................
6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...........................................
7
A. Theoretical Framework.................................................
7
1. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) ....................
7
2. Metafunction .............................................................
9
3. Speech Function .......................................................
11
4. Mood .........................................................................
16
5. Speech .......................................................................
19
6. Biography of Prabowo-Hatta ....................................
22
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................
26
A. Research Design ............................................................
26
B. The Source of Data ........................................................
26
C. The Technique of Collecting Data .................................
26
D. The Technique of Analyzing the Data ...........................
27
iv
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS .........
29
A. Data ...............................................................................
29
B. Data Analysis .................................................................
29
C. Research Findings ..........................................................
36
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................
39
A. Conclusion .....................................................................
39
B. Suggestion ......................................................................
40
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
41
APPENDIX I...................................................................................................
43
APPENDIX II .................................................................................................
46
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Cross-Classifying of Speech Function ..........................................
13
Table 2.2. Speech Function as Statement .......................................................
14
Table 2.3. Speech Function as Question ........................................................
15
Table 2.4. Speech Function as Offer ..............................................................
15
Table 2.5 Speech Function as Command ......................................................
16
Table 2.6. Realization of Speech Function in Mood ......................................
16
Table 2.7. The Scheme of Mood Structure of Clause ....................................
18
Table 4.1 The Number of the Type of Speech Function in the Withdrawal
Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election
2014-2019......................................................................................
i
29
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1. Parameters of Context of Situation ...............................................
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX I.
The Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia
Presidential Election 2014-2019 ..........................................
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APPENDIX II. The Analysis of the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on
the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019 ...................
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the Study
In an ordinary living, people live using language constantly because a
language is used as a means of communication or dialogue in their community.
Without language, people in community cannot cooperate in their activity
(Wardaugh, 1996:1). Language allows human to say things to each other and
express their communication needs.
In other words, it is said that the main function of language is as a
communication device and interaction instrument for all human. Language cannot
be separated from the human being, it is a media to say anything and express the
ideas, by using language, people can interact well, exchanging their ideas and also
to fulfill their needs. When exchanging and expressing ideas, human being
perform two roles namely giving and demanding, for the commodity such as
information and goods or services (Halliday, 1994:69). In systemic functional
linguistic (SFL), it is named speech function.
Speech function can be defined as the way speaker conveys his idea in
order to make listener or reader understanding the idea. There are four primary
forms of movement types of speech functions: statement, question, offer and
command (Halliday, 1994: 68-69). The four basic speech functions are related to
both the exchanged process. These basic speech functions to interact and negotiate
with others. Almost all of the language are used in our everyday interactions with
others can be accounted for by these four basic speech functions.
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There have been some researches conducted previously on this issue. For
instances, Indari (2011) found that the most dominant type of speech function
used in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s speech is statment. This happens because
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as a speaker was giving the information for the
people. He was explaining about the case or issue to the people. so that the aim of
the speaking was to clarify the people about the issue. This research has found
that the speech is almost using statement in the sentence which is to help the
speaker to inform the people about the problem or the issue.
In line with that research, a similar research on Jokowi’s speech by
Tarigan and Natsir (2014) found statement as the most dominant type of speech
function used in Jokowi’s speeches. The speech itself is meant to give or state
information, the way of the speaker deliver the information about the Jakarta
city’s problem and how to solve it, the speaker’s planning for Jakarta, and give
thanks for the audience in Jakarta Anniversary to the audience by using statement.
Another research by Feng and Liu (2010) in Obama’s speech, all of the
clauses adopted declarative mood except sentence 1 and sentence 9 which are
imperative clauses. There are some considerations why he chose to use declarative
mood. First of all, he is the information-giver and he needs to state out his
opinions explicitly and express his ideas clearly. As the speech was given on his
100th day, lots of people attached great attention to it. Obama took office in such a
special time and “change” is the theme that Obama has been repeatedly
emphasizing in his campaign speech, and “Yes, we can” has become a slogan of
Obama. Obama made a promise of changing and creating a different and better
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world for American people when he became the president, so it is his time to tell
people what kinds of changes have taken place and what kinds of achievements
they have made to prove their capability. Secondly, from the declarative mood,
the relation between Obama and the listeners is marked and his authority, status
and administration are well established. Declarative sentences not only function as
describing, explaining, confirming, but also as advising, suggesting and
encouraging. As a president, he has the authority to make comments and analysis
of current issues. His statements are believed to be convincing and confirming.
In this study, the researcher attempts to conduct this issue (speech
function) in the withdrawal speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia
Presidential Election 2014-2019 because based on the functions and contents,
political speech is a kind of public speech given by authorities with political
purposes that tries to influence a certain group of people, especially this speech.
This speech appeared when KPU was due to announce its official tally, Prabowo
withdrew from the race after having insisted on his victory since the initial quick
counts were released, although the majority showed Jokowi ahead. He attributed
this withdrawal to Indonesia "failing in its duty to democracy" because of
"massive cheating that is structured and systematic", and stated that he and Hatta
"exercise our constitutional right to reject the presidential election and declare it
unconstitutional”. His speech, aired live, implied that he would challenge the
results in the Constitutional Court. Later reports indicated confusion over whether
Prabowo had resigned from the election or simply rejected the count.
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Another reason, the researcher prefer to discuss this speech because it is a
phenomenal speech which giving a different things than the other leader figure in
Indonesia in 2014. This speech and also its speaker became a phenomenon
because they are the first candidate that refused the presidential election as it is
known the highest democracy in Indonesia since reformation era. It was also the
first time since reformasi began in 1998 that the legitimacy of the election process
has been questioned. They have made a new history in Indonesia presidential
election.
B.
The Problems of the Study
In lines of background, the problems of the study are formulated as
follows:
1.
What types of speech function are used in the Withdrawal Speech of
Prabowo-Hatta as the first candidate that refused the Indonesia presidential
election since reformation era in Indonesia?
2.
What is the most dominant type of speech function in the Withdrawal Speech
of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019?
3.
How is the impact of the dominant type of speech function that is used in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election
2014-2019?
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C.
The Objectives of the Study
Based on the problems of the study above, therefore the objectives of the
study are as follows:
1.
to find out the types of speech function used in the Withdrawal Speech of
Prabowo-Hatta as the first candidate that refused the Indonesia presidential
election since reformation era in Indonesia.
2.
to find out the most dominant type of speech function in the Withdrawal
Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019.
3.
to describe the implication of the dominant type of speech function in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia presidential election
2014-2019.
D.
The Scope of the Study
For facilitating, the scope of the study is limited on the use of speech
function in the Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia
presidential election 2014-2019.
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E.
The Significance of the Study
The researcher is expecting the study can be useful for:
1.
Academic Benefit
The result of the study having a goal for the students or other researcher to
have a desire deepen the linguistic especially relevant with sociolinguistics. Thus,
the paper can be benefits for politician, teacher, students, public speaker and
everyone who use the result of research to help in their life. Furthermore they are
able to understand the function of language that used.
It is hoped that the result of this study can give a valuable contribution for
another further research and encourage English and Literature Department
students to learn about Systemic Functional Linguistics, especially speech
function analysis. They are also able to use this paper as an additional source to
widen the knowledge about speech function. Moreover, the readers are allowed to
recognize the definition of each type of speech function theory and to understand
the application as well as the function. Furthermore the result can be determined
how to useful the speech functions properly.
2.
Practical Benefit
This study is expected to be new information that delivers the contribution
for English academic workers or lecturers, especially for linguistic lecturers in
developing the material related to sociolinguistic and other linguistic fields.
Otherwise, as the useful reference for students who is doing the graduating paper
preparation about sociolinguistics.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A.
Conclusion
After analyzing the using of speech function in the Withdrawal Speech of
Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 2014-2019, the conclusions
can be drawn as follows:
1. There are three types of speech function that are used in the Withdrawal
Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential Election 20142019, namely statement (48 utterances, 87,3%) , offer (1 utterance,
1,8%), and command (6 utterances, 10,9%).
2. Statement is the most dominant type of speech function in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential
Election 2014-2019 because the point of rejection can be conveyed
through statement.
3. There are several implications of using statement dominantly in the
Withdrawal Speech of Prabowo-Hatta on the Indonesia Presidential
Election 2014-2019, namely:
Prabowo-Hatta can make sure their voters receive their idea clearly
The power of this speech is more powerful to influenced the public
opinion that will realized Prabowo-Hatta has already known about
the incident that occurred in Indonesia presidential election 20142019.
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Prabowo-Hatta can declare all of aspects that they consider as their
evidences to proved their argumentation to withdraw from
Indonesia presidential election 2014-2019.
B.
Suggestion
Having seen the results of this research, the suggestion that are given by
the researcher related to this topic namely:
1. For the political, especially for the candidate of leader, do the speech
without any political affairs. Be honest, wise, and capable to put on the
condition in the right track because a good leader comes from a good
behavior.
2. It is suggested for the language students to learn more about speech
function in order they can develop their understanding on how speech
function works in text especially in the speech side.
3. for the students or other researchers who have a desire deepen the
linguistic especially relevant with sociolinguistics. It can be used as a
reference when they decide to discuss the same topic for their thesis.
Furthermore they are able to understand the function of language that
used.
4. It is recommended to the lecturer hoped to give the attention by
studying about the speech in the class. It can help the students to make
the speech which is not long-winded speech.
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