THE SPEECH FUNCTION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS’ CONVERSATION IN TANO PARSIRANGAN MOVIE.

THE SPEECH FUNCTION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS’
CONVERSATION IN TANO PARSIRANGAN MOVIE

A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED in Partial as Fulfillment of
the Requirement for the Degree of SarjanaSastra

By:

RIPKA BANJARNAHOR
Regristration Number 2103220037

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to thank the Greatness God, Jesus
Christ, for all his kindness and blessing on him so finally she could complete this
thesis. She rescued the writer in her difficulties and sent helps through many

hands of completing this thesis. In this occasion the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude to:
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer was helped by so many beloved
people and the writer would like to express her gratitude to:

 Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si as the Rector of State University
of Medan

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English and Literature
Department and Dra. Meisuri, M.A. as the Head of Applied Linguistics
Program.

 Dr. Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL,M.Hum as her thesis adviser, for the advice,
guidance, comment, and precious time in supervising the draft of writing
during the completion of this thesis, Drs. Muhammad Natsir, M.Hum
as her academic adviser, and all her beloved lecturers in English and
Literature Department

 Her beloved family, her father, L. Banjarnahor (Alm) ; her mother,
N.Simanullang ; and her dearest sisters/brothers Parbuktian/br Sinaga,
Risnauli/Sirait, Resmida/Hutasoit, Merianna/Simanullang, Sahat, and
especially for my sister Indahwati/Tambun, thank you for the
understanding and the big support in prayer, love, motivation and financial
while accomplished this thesis. And Pangihutan Simanullang thank you
for your helping to find the references and support.

 Her beloved friends Elnis, Ester, Kidu, Octhaviani, Vivien, Yanti,
Nanda, Ayu thanks for your love, happiness, and friendship. Her special

thanks also go to all friends in Applied Linguistics A and B 2010and many
others that she cannot be mentioned one by one.

 Her best friends Tika S, Tika G, Dosma, Sahat, Sarno, Donal, Tonny
and many other in SMK Karya Pendidik Balige especially 3 AK 2 for their
support .

 Her friends in bording house Jl.Sukaria No.89, K’josep, B’Josep Sun,

Wanti, Beri and others whose name cannot be mentioned one by one for
their help and support. Thanks for everything. May God bless us. Amin.

Finally, the writer admits that this thesis still far from being perfect.
Therefore, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestion for the
improvement of this thesis later on.

Medan,

March 2014

The writer

Ripka Banjarnahor
Reg No. 2103220037

ABSTRACT

Banjarnahor, Ripka. 2014. The Speech Functions of the
Main Characters’ Conversation in Tano Parsirangan Movie.

A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of
Medan.
This study attempts to investigate the speech functions of
the main characters’ conversation in Tano Parsirangan movie.
The objectives of this study were to describe the types of speech
functions, to describe the types of mood and to describe the type
of mood was dominantly used by the main characters. This study
was conducted by descriptive qualitative approach. The data were
taken from Tano Parsirangan movie. There were 551 clauses
presenting speech functions. The data were analyzed and
classified into four types of speech functions, namely statement,
question, offer and command. Statement was 63,52%, question
was 25,05%,offer was 1,81% and commandwas 9,62%. And the
types of speech function could be realized by mood, namely
declarative was 64,25%, interrogative was 25,95%, and
imperative was 9.80%.The findings indicate the main characters’
conversation in Tano Parsirangan movie was most dominant use
statement which realized by declarative than other types of
speech functions. This was also implies the Toba Batak people
were most dominant giving information and very good at talking

in daily life interaction.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT ..........................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..............................................................
A. The Background of The Study .............................................
B. The Problems of The Study..................................................
C. The Objectives of The Study................................................
D. The Scope of The Study .......................................................
E. The Significances of The Study............................................
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE...........................................
A. Theoretical Frame Work ......................................................
B. Systemic Functional Linguistics ...........................................
C. Metafunction........................................................................
D. Interpersonal Function .........................................................
1. Speech Function...............................................................

a. The Types of Speech Function .....................................
1) Statement .............................................................
2) Question ..............................................................
3) Offer ....................................................................
4) Command ............................................................
b. Speech Function and Responses ..................................
2. Speech Function and Mood ..............................................
E. The Main Characters ............................................................
F. Conversation ........................................................................
1. Toba Batak Conversation .................................................
2. Conversation Structure in Toba Batak Language ..............
G. Movie ..................................................................................
1. Types of Movie ................................................................
2. Brief Summary of Tano Parsirangan ................................
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD ..................................................
A. Research Design ..................................................................
B. The Object Of Researc .........................................................
C. The Technique of Collecting Data ........................................
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ........................................
CHAPTER IV : DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS......................................

A. Data .....................................................................................
B. Data Analysis.......................................................................
C. Research Findings ................................................................
D. Discussion ...........................................................................

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CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..............................
A. Conclusion ...........................................................................
B. Suggestion ...........................................................................
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................
APPENDICES .............................................................................................

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LIST OF TABEL

Table 2.1 Speech role and commodity exchanged .........................................

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Table 2.2 Speech Functions and Responses ..................................................

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Table 2.3 The Examples of Realization Speech Functions in Moods .............

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Table 4.1 Research Finding on Speech Function ...........................................

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Table 4.2 The realization of Speech Function in Moods................................

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Table 4.3 The Percentage of Types of Moods ...............................................

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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Realizations of Speech Functions in Moods..................................

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Communication as an essential part of life. No one can deny to
communicate with another that it has a great role in human life. Imagine what life
would be if we could not communicate?. There will be nothing. No way of talking
anything to anyone, no way to built a relationship with others, no way of passing
down information throughout time and so on.
Language as a system of sounds and words, used by human to
communicate thoughts and feelings or the communication used by people to
express their ideas, opinions, feelings, suggestions, desires, giving and demanding
information in both spoken and written communication because everyday lives we
are constantly using language.

Language as a tool for communication and

interaction one each other in social life. Human beings uses the language as the
medium to exchange their experiences and to complete their requirement.
According to Saragih (2013:17) there are three factors necessitating human being
to be interactive in their lives. Firstly, humans being are social creatures or social
beings and therefore they cannot live isolate. A human being as anindividual
social product in the sense that his or her birth involves at least two individuals
(father and mother). In other words, one needs to interact with other. Secondly,
nobody can fulfill his or her needs completely by himself or herself. In either
prosperity and misery, sadness or happiness someone needs other to fulfill his or
her needs. When someone is hungry, s/he needs someone else to provide him or

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her food. Thirdly, among the living creatures only human beings are destined (by
God) to store information and pass the information from the one human being to
others and pass it on from one generation to the next generations.
In the process of communication, there is a transferring of information
occur between the speaker and hearer or addresser and addressee. In transferring
of information, the speaker produces an utterance and does the act of speaking.
Based on Halliday and Matthiessen (2004:106-107) stated that In the act of
speaking, the speaker adopts for himself a particular speech role, and in so doing
assigns to the listener a complementary role which he wishes him to adopt in his
turn. For example, in asking question, a speaker is taking on the role of seeker of
the information and requiring the listener to take on role supplier of the
information demanded. The most fundamental types of speech role are just two.
They are “giving” and “demanding”; giving means “inviting to receive” and
demanding means “inviting to give”. The speaker is not only doing something
himself, he is also requiring something from the listener. Typically, therefore, an
act of speaking is something that might more appropriately be called an interact: it
is an exchange, in which giving implies receiving and demanding implies giving
in response. Besides that, there is another distinction, equally fundamental that
related to the nature of commodity. They are good & service and information.
These two variables, when taken together, define the four primary speech
functions of offer, command, statement and question. These, in turn, are matched
by asset of desired responses: accepting an offer, carrying out a command,
acknowledging a statement and answering a question.

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This study wasattempt to investigate speech function of the main
characters’ conversation in TanoParsirangan movie. Speech function is an
exchange communication between speaker and listener where the listener adopt
the speech functional role and assigns the addressee a complementary role which
use statement, question, offer and command.
There weremany studies also support the research on speech function like
Guijarro in his journal “A Multimodal Analysis of The Tale of Peter Rabbit
within the Interpersonal Metafunction(2010) “ and the result of his research is the
analysis the interpersonal of the verbal and visual in the Tale of Peter Rabbit is the
high percentage of speech function is statement as realize by declarative mood.
And then Adam in his journal “Incorporating the interpersonal: Some topic
manipulation in Rembarrnga (2009)” and the result of his research is the status
the speaker wishes

and believes

the addressee will attribute to discourse

participants; as tacit or explicit. And Suzanne in her journal “Age-Related
Changes in Children's and Adults' Explanations of Interpersonal Actions (2010)”
and the result is the children in 3-6 years old usually use the question in their
interaction because the children want to know more about something. While the 712 years old usually use statement to share their experience in the day.
The main characters isthey are whom the story is about. There is generally
one lead character, maybe two or three. Other character's main character status
tends to be defined by how close they are to the lead. Basically, a main character
is any character who has a major purpose or role in the plot and interacts regularly
with main characters. In many series, a name indicates that this character will be a

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main character, if only for one episode. In this movie, the main characters were
AmaniUli (The father of Uli),NaiUli( Uli’s mother), Uli (the AmaniUli’s
daughter), AmaniSudung (The father of Sudung), Sudung and Sinta (The
amaniSudung’s children). This movie tells about the dynamic of Toba Batak
people which there are two brothers and have mandates from their parents not to
sell the land but build the JabuParsaktian (meeting house). It means that we must
follow our parent’s advice. And this movie is directed by PontiGea and scenario is
written by LajesscaHatebe and PontiGea. This movie is produced by
CostellazioneEntertaiment in 2012.
Indonesia consists of thousand island with the people come from various
parts of place and culture based on their

ethnic, the people speak different

language. One of the ethnic in Indonesia that we can find in North Sumatera, like
Batak ethnic. Batak ethnic can be divided to become five kinds, they are Toba,
Karo, Simalungun, Pakpak, and Angkola-Mandailing. Toba Batak speakers are all
the Toba Batak people and other people who live with them.Roosmani (1994:31)
said: “ If people talk about Batak, they usually refer to Toba batak. Toba Batak is
spoken by about two million people living on Samosir Island and to the east,
south and south west of Toba Lake in North Sumatera”. They use the language in
daily conversation, mourning ceremony, wedding ceremony and so on. Even, in
government offices and schools which are in Toba Batak land also use that
language in fulfill the interaction and relationship.
Whereas the reasons of writer to choose

Speech Function of

TanoParsirangan movie because firstly,there were rarely researcher who has done

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the study of speech functions on Toba Batak daily conversation. But the previous
researcher has done the study research about the advertising and the newspaper.
Secondly, the writer wants tolearn that the TanoParsirangan movie as a source of
data how is theculture of Toba Batak people in daily interaction, and thirdly the
reason is to preserve the local language as stated in section 32 subsection 2
Indonesian’s

constitution

(UUD’45)

that

“Negara

menghormatidanmemeliharabahasadaerahsebagaikekayaanbudayanasional

(The

nation respects and preserves local language as national cultural property)”.
B. The Problems of the Study
In relation to the background, the problems were formulated as the
following:
1. What types of speech functions are used in the main characters’
conversation in TanoParsirangan movie?
2. What types of moods are used in the main characters’ conversation in
TanoParsiranganmovie?
3. What type of mood is dominantly used in the main characters’
conversation in TanoParsirangan movie?
C. The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems the objectives of the study were:
1. To describe the types of speech function are used of the main characters’
conversation in TanoParsirangan movie.
2. To describe the types of mood are used of the main characters’
conversation in TanoParsirangan movie.

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3. To describe the type of mood is dominantly used to the main characters’
conversation in TanoParsirangan movie.
D. The Scope of the Study
The study attempts to investigate the speech functions used in the main
characters’ conversation in TanoParsirangan movie. The main aspect to be
analyzed was the speech functions such as making an offer, a command,
a statement, and a question of the main characters’ conversation in
TanoParsirangan movie based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory.
The data source was taken from TanoParsirangan movie.
E. The Significances of the Study
The findings of this study were expected to be useful for:
1. Those students especially of the English Department so that they can
improve their knowledge of speech functions as used in Toba Batak
specifically in TanoParsirangan movie.
2. Preserve the existence of local language (Toba Batak language) that the
local languages which has one of the functions is to support national
language.
3. Those other researchers who are interested to conduct the research in the
same subject.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the speech functions and moods of the main characaters’
conversation in TanoParsirangan

movie, the conclusion could be drawn as

follows:
1. There were four types of Speech functions which exist in the main
characaters’ conversation in TanoParsirangan movie, namely Statement,
Question, Offer and Command.
2. There were three of Moods which exist in the main characters’
conversation

in

TanoParsirangan

movie,

namely

Declarative,

Interrogative, and Imperative
3. The most dominant type of Speech functions which exist in the main
characters’ conversation in TanoParsirangan movie was Statement, the
second position of speech function was Questions, and the third position of
speech functionwas Command and the least was offer. In addition, the
most dominant type of Moods was Declarative.

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B. Suggestions
Based on the conclusions of the study, the following suggestions are
offered:
1. For other researchers as the references in guiding to collect further
information of Speech Function and mood
2. The same research is needed conducted in different ethnic like
Simalungun, Karo, etc to enrich the knowledge of the researcher and the
reader in the field of Speech Functions.
3. The readers especially the student of English Department can choose the
speech function as the object of research, because many interesting aspects
can be analyzed especially in the movie.