T ING 1103236 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL SHEET.......................................................................................
i
DECLARATION..............................................................................................
ii
PREFACE........................................................................................................
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENT..................................................................................
vi
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES…...........................................................
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES..................................................................................
xii
CHAPTER I.....................................................................................................
1
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................
1
1.1
Background of the Study..........................................................................
1
1.2
Research Questions...................................................................................
3
1.3
Purposes of the Study.................................................................................
3
1.4
Significance of the Study...........................................................................
3
1.5
Clarification of the Terms..........................................................................
4
1.6
Organization of the Study..........................................................................
5
CHAPTER II....................................................................................................
6
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION..................................................................
6
2.1
Theories of Self Efficacy............................................................................
6
2.1.1 Bandura’s Socio Cognitive Theory................................................
6
2.1.2 Definition of Self-Efficacy.............................................................
7
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.1.3 Source of Self-Efficacy Belies.......................................................
9
2.1.4 Self-Efficacy Activated Processes.................................................
11
2.1.5 Effects of Self-Efficacy on Teaching.............................................
12
2.1.6 Perceived Teacher Self-Efficacy....................................................
14
2.1.7 Teacher Self-Efficacy with Regard to Writing..............................
16
Teaching Writing Performance.................................................................
18
2.2.1 Teaching Performance..................................................................
18
2.2.2 Characteristics of Written Language............................................
20
2.2.3 Approaches to Teaching Writing..................................................
21
2.2.4 Principles on Teaching Writing………………..............................
22
Teaching Writing Self-Efficacy and Teaching Writing Performance
Measurement..............................................................................................
24
2.3.1 Measurement of Teacher Self-Efficacy.........................................
25
2.3.2 The Teaching Writing Self-Efficacy Scale (TWSES) ..................
26
2.3.3 Measuring Teaching Writing Performance………………………
27
2.4
Review of Related Research......................................................................
27
2.5
Concluding Remarks.................................................................................
30
CHAPTER III...................................................................................................
31
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................
31
3.1
Research Design.........................................................................................
31
3.2
Data Collection..........................................................................................
32
3.2.1 Research Site.................................................................................
32
2.2
2.3
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.2.2 Participants....................................................................................
32
3.2.3 Research Instruments....................................................................
34
3.2.3.1 Questionnaire....................................................................
34
3.2.3.2 Classroom Observations...................................................
35
3.2.3.3 Interviews..........................................................................
36
3.2.3.4 Documents Analysis.........................................................
37
3.3
Data Analyis..............................................................................................
37
3.4
Data Validation..........................................................................................
40
3.5
Concluding Remarks..................................................................................
40
CHAPTER IV...................................................................................................
41
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.....................................................................
41
TheLecturer’s Perceived TWSE……………………..............................
41
4.1.1 The Lecturer’s Perceived TWSE Seen from the Questionnaire.....
42
4.1.1.1. Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Most Confident in
TWSE..........................................................................
43
4.1.1.2. Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Less Confident in
TWSE.........................................................................
44
4.1.1.3. Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Unconfident in
TWSE..........................................................................
45
4.1.2 Findings from the Interviews with the Lecturer.............................
46
4.1.2.1 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Most Confident in
TWSE.............................................................................
49
4.1
4.1.2.2 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Less Confident in
53
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
TWSE............................................................................
4.2
4.1.2.3 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Unconfident in TWSE
57
The Lecturer’s Actual Teaching Writing Performance. ...........................
58
4.2.1 Findings from the Classroom Observations...................................
58
4.2.1.1 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Most Confident in
TWSE……..................................................................
60
4.2.1.2 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Less Confident in
TWSE..........................................................................
65
4.2.1.3 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Unconfident in
TWSE..........................................................................
68
4.2.2 Findings from the Interview with the students…...........................
69
4.2.2.1 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Most Confident in
TWSE..........................................................................
71
4.2.2.2 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Less Confident in
TWSE..........................................................................
74
4.2.2.3 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Unconfident in
TWSE..........................................................................
76
The Lecturer’s Actual Teaching Writing Performance Seen
from the Students’ Writings.....................................................
77
4.2.3.1. The Students’ Writing Ability on the Lecturer’s Most
Confident Aspects in TWSE.......................................
79
4.2.3.2. The Students’ Writing Ability on the Lecturer’s Less
Confident Aspects in TWSE.......................................
80
4.2.3.3. The Students’ Writing Ability on the Lecturer’s
Unconfident Aspects in TWSE...................................
80
4.2.3.
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.3
4.4
4.5
The Discrepancy between the Lecturer’s Perceived TWSE and her
Actual Teaching Writing Performance…………………..........................
The Factors that Caused the Discrepancy between the
Lecturer’sPerceived TWSE and her Actual Teaching Writing
Performance...............................................................................................
81
86
Concluding Remarks.................................................................................
89
CHAPTER IV...................................................................................................
91
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.......................................................
91
5.1
Conclusions................................................................................................
96
5.2
Suggestions................................................................................................
93
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................
94
APPENDICES..................................................................................................
100
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1
The Cyclical Nature of Teacher Efficacy......................................
13
Table 4. 1 Lecturer Most Confident Aspects on TWSE................................
43
Table 4. 2 Lecturer Less Confident Aspects on TWSE..................................
44
Table 4. 3 Lecturer’s Unconfident Aspects in TWSE……………………….
45
Table 4. 4 The Result of Classroom Observations…………………………..
59
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX I.........................................................................................................
A. Questionnaire Sheets................................................................................
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
101
106
B. Activities Done in the Classroom Observation.........................................
107
APPENDIX II.......................................................................................................
107
Data from the Questionnaire............................................................................
109
APPENDIX III......................................................................................................
109
Data from Classroom Observations.................................................................
117
APPENDIX IV......................................................................................................
117
The Excerpt of Observation Result...................................................................
124
APPENDIX V.......................................................................................................
124
Observation Transcriptions................................................................................
128
APPENDIX VI......................................................................................................
128
A. Data from The Interviews (Lecturer #1)......................................................
132
B. Data from Interviews (Lecturer #2)..............................................................
139
C. Data from Interviews (Students #1)..............................................................
142
D. Interviews Codification................................................................................
157
APPENDIX VII.....................................................................................................
157
Writing Rubric...................................................................................................
APPENDIXVIII.....................................................................................................
Students’ Writing Performance..........................................................................
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
158
158
APPENDIX IX.......................................................................................................
A. The Texts Written by the Students in Assignment 1..................................
B. The Texts Written by the Students in Assignment 2..................................
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
160
160
162
APPROVAL SHEET.......................................................................................
i
DECLARATION..............................................................................................
ii
PREFACE........................................................................................................
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENT..................................................................................
vi
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES…...........................................................
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES..................................................................................
xii
CHAPTER I.....................................................................................................
1
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................
1
1.1
Background of the Study..........................................................................
1
1.2
Research Questions...................................................................................
3
1.3
Purposes of the Study.................................................................................
3
1.4
Significance of the Study...........................................................................
3
1.5
Clarification of the Terms..........................................................................
4
1.6
Organization of the Study..........................................................................
5
CHAPTER II....................................................................................................
6
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION..................................................................
6
2.1
Theories of Self Efficacy............................................................................
6
2.1.1 Bandura’s Socio Cognitive Theory................................................
6
2.1.2 Definition of Self-Efficacy.............................................................
7
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.1.3 Source of Self-Efficacy Belies.......................................................
9
2.1.4 Self-Efficacy Activated Processes.................................................
11
2.1.5 Effects of Self-Efficacy on Teaching.............................................
12
2.1.6 Perceived Teacher Self-Efficacy....................................................
14
2.1.7 Teacher Self-Efficacy with Regard to Writing..............................
16
Teaching Writing Performance.................................................................
18
2.2.1 Teaching Performance..................................................................
18
2.2.2 Characteristics of Written Language............................................
20
2.2.3 Approaches to Teaching Writing..................................................
21
2.2.4 Principles on Teaching Writing………………..............................
22
Teaching Writing Self-Efficacy and Teaching Writing Performance
Measurement..............................................................................................
24
2.3.1 Measurement of Teacher Self-Efficacy.........................................
25
2.3.2 The Teaching Writing Self-Efficacy Scale (TWSES) ..................
26
2.3.3 Measuring Teaching Writing Performance………………………
27
2.4
Review of Related Research......................................................................
27
2.5
Concluding Remarks.................................................................................
30
CHAPTER III...................................................................................................
31
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................
31
3.1
Research Design.........................................................................................
31
3.2
Data Collection..........................................................................................
32
3.2.1 Research Site.................................................................................
32
2.2
2.3
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.2.2 Participants....................................................................................
32
3.2.3 Research Instruments....................................................................
34
3.2.3.1 Questionnaire....................................................................
34
3.2.3.2 Classroom Observations...................................................
35
3.2.3.3 Interviews..........................................................................
36
3.2.3.4 Documents Analysis.........................................................
37
3.3
Data Analyis..............................................................................................
37
3.4
Data Validation..........................................................................................
40
3.5
Concluding Remarks..................................................................................
40
CHAPTER IV...................................................................................................
41
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.....................................................................
41
TheLecturer’s Perceived TWSE……………………..............................
41
4.1.1 The Lecturer’s Perceived TWSE Seen from the Questionnaire.....
42
4.1.1.1. Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Most Confident in
TWSE..........................................................................
43
4.1.1.2. Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Less Confident in
TWSE.........................................................................
44
4.1.1.3. Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Unconfident in
TWSE..........................................................................
45
4.1.2 Findings from the Interviews with the Lecturer.............................
46
4.1.2.1 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Most Confident in
TWSE.............................................................................
49
4.1
4.1.2.2 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Less Confident in
53
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
TWSE............................................................................
4.2
4.1.2.3 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Unconfident in TWSE
57
The Lecturer’s Actual Teaching Writing Performance. ...........................
58
4.2.1 Findings from the Classroom Observations...................................
58
4.2.1.1 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Most Confident in
TWSE……..................................................................
60
4.2.1.2 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Less Confident in
TWSE..........................................................................
65
4.2.1.3 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Unconfident in
TWSE..........................................................................
68
4.2.2 Findings from the Interview with the students…...........................
69
4.2.2.1 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Most Confident in
TWSE..........................................................................
71
4.2.2.2 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Less Confident in
TWSE..........................................................................
74
4.2.2.3 Aspects that the Lecturer Feels Unconfident in
TWSE..........................................................................
76
The Lecturer’s Actual Teaching Writing Performance Seen
from the Students’ Writings.....................................................
77
4.2.3.1. The Students’ Writing Ability on the Lecturer’s Most
Confident Aspects in TWSE.......................................
79
4.2.3.2. The Students’ Writing Ability on the Lecturer’s Less
Confident Aspects in TWSE.......................................
80
4.2.3.3. The Students’ Writing Ability on the Lecturer’s
Unconfident Aspects in TWSE...................................
80
4.2.3.
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.3
4.4
4.5
The Discrepancy between the Lecturer’s Perceived TWSE and her
Actual Teaching Writing Performance…………………..........................
The Factors that Caused the Discrepancy between the
Lecturer’sPerceived TWSE and her Actual Teaching Writing
Performance...............................................................................................
81
86
Concluding Remarks.................................................................................
89
CHAPTER IV...................................................................................................
91
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.......................................................
91
5.1
Conclusions................................................................................................
96
5.2
Suggestions................................................................................................
93
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................
94
APPENDICES..................................................................................................
100
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1
The Cyclical Nature of Teacher Efficacy......................................
13
Table 4. 1 Lecturer Most Confident Aspects on TWSE................................
43
Table 4. 2 Lecturer Less Confident Aspects on TWSE..................................
44
Table 4. 3 Lecturer’s Unconfident Aspects in TWSE……………………….
45
Table 4. 4 The Result of Classroom Observations…………………………..
59
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX I.........................................................................................................
A. Questionnaire Sheets................................................................................
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
101
106
B. Activities Done in the Classroom Observation.........................................
107
APPENDIX II.......................................................................................................
107
Data from the Questionnaire............................................................................
109
APPENDIX III......................................................................................................
109
Data from Classroom Observations.................................................................
117
APPENDIX IV......................................................................................................
117
The Excerpt of Observation Result...................................................................
124
APPENDIX V.......................................................................................................
124
Observation Transcriptions................................................................................
128
APPENDIX VI......................................................................................................
128
A. Data from The Interviews (Lecturer #1)......................................................
132
B. Data from Interviews (Lecturer #2)..............................................................
139
C. Data from Interviews (Students #1)..............................................................
142
D. Interviews Codification................................................................................
157
APPENDIX VII.....................................................................................................
157
Writing Rubric...................................................................................................
APPENDIXVIII.....................................................................................................
Students’ Writing Performance..........................................................................
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
158
158
APPENDIX IX.......................................................................................................
A. The Texts Written by the Students in Assignment 1..................................
B. The Texts Written by the Students in Assignment 2..................................
Nia Kurniawati, 2014
Perceived self efficacy vs actual teaching performance : A case in teaching writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
160
160
162