DOE Presentation rev

RESEARCH WORK AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy
Building Energy Efficiency Program

University of Massachusetts
Amherst, MA
By: Dr. D. Charlie Curcija

PRESENTATION OUTLINE








OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AREAS

SUPPORT FOR NFRC
SUPPORT FOR ASHRAE, ASTM
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
FUTURE RESEARCH
CONCLUSIONS

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

MAJOR RESEARCH AREAS








ADVANCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN
GLAZING CAVITIES

NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER ON
FENESTRATION BOUNDARIES
3-D HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS
IMPROVEMENTS IN TESTING TECHNOLOGY
COMMERCIAL FENESTRATION

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

WHY ARE WE DOING THIS
RESEARCH?









Expanded knowledge about the physics and

performance of fenestration systems
Development of algorithms and methodologies
that can be incorporated in computer programs
Computer programs are needed by manufacturers
to design better products
Computer programs are needed to rate products
Dedicated computer programs are the best way to
transfer complex knowledge into user friendly and
affordable tools that can be used by non-experts

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

HOW THESE RESEARCH AREAS
HELP?










Improve accuracy of U-factor calculations
Improve accuracy of SHGC calculations
Improve condensation resistance prediction
Allow better integration of fenestration
models with whole building models
Provide foundation for the development of
future models for emerging technologies and
complex fenestration
Ensure consistent and fair rating procedure
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN
GLAZING CAVITIES








Vertical glazing cavities – standard gap width
Vertical glazing cavities – wide gap
Sloped glazing cavities – standard gap
Sloped glazing cavities – wide gap
2-D and 3-D modeling
Average and local heat transfer

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

GLAZING CAVITIES GEOMETRY
AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

RANGE OF PERFORMANCE FOR
GLAZING CAVITIES


,

 g  (T1  T0 ) L3
Ra 


Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

VERTICAL AND SLOPED 2-D
CAVITIES
Angle of Inclination From 0 to 90 Deg.

A=38.25, Ra=6559.7
2.4
2.2

Fidap 2-D

2
average Nu




ISO15099

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0

10

20

30

40


50

60

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

70

80

tilt angle
90

TEMPERATURE CONTOURS AT MID-X
PLANE FOR A=40, Ra=9,650

0

15


80

90

45

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

STREAMFUNCTION MOVIE CLIP –
HORIZONTAL GLAZING CAVITY (0º)

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

GOALS OF RESEARCH IN ADVANCED
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN IGU









Better understanding of physics of natural
convection heat transfer in glazing cavities
(i.e., high aspect ratio, low Ra)
Investigation of optimal meshes and
turbulence models
Development of recommended flow regimes
Development of heat transfer correlations
Transition to future research (i.e., shading
devices and other complex fenestration
systems)
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT
TRANSFER ON THE WARM
BOUNDARY







Simulation of natural convection flow in
idealized conditions
Simulation of natural convection flow under
realistic conditions
Modeling of testing apparatus conditions

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

HEAT TRANSFER RESULTS FOR
BACKWARD FACING STEP

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

VIRTUAL THERMAL TESTING FACILITY
(ViTTeF) CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Boundary
layer

Window
model +
boundary
layer +
panel
pieces

Insulated
surround
panel

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

NUMERICAL MESH OF THE TWO
INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

TURBULENCE VISCOSITY AND
VELOCITIES DISTRIBUTION IN A
CHANMBER

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

GOALS OF CONVECTION HEAT
TRANSFER ON FENESTRATION
BOUND. RESEARCH










Better understanding of physics of natural
convection heat transfer over fenestration
surfaces
Better understanding of testing apparatus
heat transfer
Investigation of optimal meshes for this type
of flow
Developments of correlations for use in
fenestration software
Recommendations for future hot box designs
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

3-D HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS
RESEARCH






Effective development of 3-D geometries
Investigation of optimum 3-D meshes
Development of full 3-D models for major
window types, materials, glazing
configurations, spacers, etc.
Presentation of results in a form suitable for
development of correlations and algorithms

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

3-D GEOMETRY OF THE WINDOW

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

3-D MESH OF THE WOOD
WINDOW

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

3-D HEAT FLUX &
TEMPERATURE FIELD

Heat Flux

Temperature
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

HEAT TRANSFER RESULTS
EXTRACTION

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

GOALS OF 3-D HEAT TRANSFER
EFFECTS RESEARCH








Better understanding of heat transfer in
window corners and other areas currently not
considered
Development of future 3-D models and
algorithms
New fenestration technologies that need 3-D
models (i.e., evacuated glazing, complex
fenestration, etc.)
Connection to research of interface between
wall and window
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

IMPROVEMENTS IN TESTING
TECHNOLOGY








Active participation in appropriate ASTM
committees and development/update of
standards
Involvement in research level testing
Coordination between other research labs that
do testing (i.e., LBNL, ORNL)
Coordination with International group involved
in research level testing
Development of updated testing designs
Modifications in computer models for better
interface to testing
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

UNIVERSAL HOT BOX


Development of Design For the Next
Generation of Thermal Measurement Facility

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

COMPUTER MODELING OF HOT
BOX CONFIGURATIONS

Climatic
chamber

Metering
chamber

Surround
panel

CTS
panel

Frame

Climatic
chamber

Baffle

Metering
chamber

Window
sample

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

GOALS OF RESEARCH IN
TESTING TECHNOLOGY








Better research level testing facilities lead to
the development of better commercial
facilities
Increased confidence in validating computer
models
Development of harmonized testing
standards
Lead to increased use of computer
simulation, providing more cost effective
rating solutions
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

COMMERCIAL FENESTRATION
SYSTEMS










Analysis of energy performance of typical
commercial buildings
Investigation of effects of changes in fenestration
system performance on overall building energy
performance (i.e., sensitivity study)
Development of modeling methodology specific
to non-residential products
Update of NFRC standards (100 and 200) with
new methodology
Validation of models for non-res systems
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

ANALYSIS OF ENERGY PERF. OF A
TYPICAL NON-RES BUILDING

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

EQUEST (DOE2) MODEL

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

TOTAL ENERGY USE

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

SUPPORT FOR NFRC





Development of new and more accurate
algorithms and methodologies for use in
rating systems
Participation on committees
Development of standards and reference
documents
– 100, 101, 102, 500, 500-UG, Glossary, etc.




NFRC’s international activities
Miscellaneous technical support
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

SUPPORT FOR ASHRAE








Chairing Handbook of Fundamentals
subcommittee
Development of handbook materials
Membership on committees
Research coordination
Symposia, seminar and forum chairing
Standards development
– SPC142, SSPC 90.1, SSPC 90.2

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

SUPPORT FOR ASTM







Membership on C16 and E6
Chairing condensation resistance standard
task group
Active on fenestration related standard
committees
ISO coordination

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES



INTERNATIONAL: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO
TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY COUNTRIES (TATEC)
INTERNATIONAL: TECHNICAL COLLABORATION
– IEA Task 27
– IEA Task 30
– International round-robins



INTERNATIONAL: STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
– ISO TC 163/WG2: ISO 15099, 10077-1, 10077-2
– ISO TC 163/WG14: ISO 8990, 12567-1, 12567-2



Universal certification
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

TATEC









Assistance in updating testing and simulation
standards
Translation of key documents
Workshops and seminars
Scientific collaboration
Assistance in upgrading testing equipment
Visiting scientists
Help improve efficiency of fenestration
products for reduction in energy use and
pollution reduction
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

TRAINING AND SEMINARS


International and Domestic Training
Workshops and Seminars

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

IEA TASK 27










Important international collaborative task in
fenestration technology
Not well supported from US side
Leverage research dollars with other countries
Peer review of our and others scientific results
Keeping informed about major research
accomplishments in other countries
Visit important scientific facilities
C. Curcija subtask A1 co-leader
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

ISO TC 163








Important for harmonization efforts
Additional scientific exchange and peer
review
Ties into TATEC efforts by involving TATEC
scientists in ISO efforts and keeping them up
to date
Visit research facilities and centers
Universal certification support

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

WHY INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATION?







Leveraging national dollars with resources from
other developed countries
Exchange of ideas and transfer of technology
that was developed by other countries
Reduction of trade barriers by developing
harmonized standards and certification
procedures
Assistance to developing countries to reduce the
pollution and green house emissions
Generating international friends with good faith
effort instead of generating terrorists with
arrogance
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHEMENTS TO
DATE










Developed first generation CR models
Second generation of CR models near completion
Developed computer models of IR and hot-box facil.
New set of improved convection boundary
conditions being completed
Developed concept of ViTTeF
New generation of thermal testing facility designed
Developed effective 3-D fenestration models
Algorithms for 3-D effects being completed.

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHEMENTS TO
DATE – Cont.










Completed landmark fenestration standards
Accomplished harmonization of several
standards
Developed concept of universal harmonization
Maintain active international collaboration and
exchange of methods and computer tools
Increased acceptance of US standards and
computer tools abroad
Set the foundation for the future scientific work
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH







Why do we need further research?
Why are we even asked this question? Isn’t it
kind of obvious?
In the past 20 years of increased spending in
fenestration research, we have accomplished
significant improvement in energy efficiency
In order to accomplish ambitious goals of smart
buildings and zero energy buildings by 2025:
– Need new technologies
– Need improved tools to evaluate these methodologies
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH –
Cont.
– Windows are part of building, not isolated – need to
model integrated performance
– Increased complexity will require much better
methodologies and tools
– Improvements in computer modeling and computer
technology will require major revamp of computer
tools
– Need to develop integrated tools for whole building
performance with fenestration being integral part


In the past couple of years several written
contributions substantiating the need for more
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH –
Cont.


Umass proposed contribution:
– Convective model of complex fenestration systems,
both inside the glazing cavity and on indoor/outdoor
surfaces
– Modeling evacuated glazing and fenestration products
incorporating such glazing
– Development of transient (dynamic) models for dynamic
systems (i.e., electrochromics, phase change, etc.)
– Extension of SHG to 2-D and 3-D
– Integrated window-wall performance
– Integration into the whole building energy analysis
Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts