REPRESENTATIVE AND DIRECTIVE ACTS USED BY MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE BAYTOWN OUTLAW” MOVIE.

(1)

REPRESENTATIVE AND DIRECTIVE ACTS USED BY MAIN

CHARACTERS IN “THE BAYTOWN OUTLAW” MOVIE

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English DepartmentFaculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic

University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

DANI ANDRIANSYAH Reg. Number: A83211134

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA

2015

(2)

REPRESENTATIVE AND DIRECTIVE ACT USED BY MAIN

CHARACTERS IN “THE BAYTOWN OUTLAW” MOVIE

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for theSarjana Degree of English DepartmentFaculty of Letters andHumanities State Islamic

University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

DANI ANDRIANSYAH Reg. Number A83211134

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA

2015

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

ABSTRACT

Andriansyah, Dani. 2015. Representative and Directive Act Used by Main Characters in “The Baytown Outlaw” Movie. Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Advisor: Dr. H. A. Dzo’ulMilal, M.Pd.

Key words: Conversation, Representative, Directive

Conversation is the way people to make interaction each other. In conversation, sometimes people asserting about the truth and direct somebody to get what he or she want. In linguistic, asserting the truth usually called representative and direct somebody called directive. It is the reason why the writer interests to analyze about representative and directive.

This research is intended to reveals the representative and directive act used by main characters in “The Baytown Outlaws” movie. The objective of this research are; first, for finding representative and directive used by main characters; second, the purpose of using representative and directive act that used by main characters; and the last, to explain the intended meaning of representative and directive performed by main characters.

This research used pragmatic theory by George Yule that focused on the kinds of illocutionary act that is representative and directive. The descriptive qualitative approach used in this study. The data of this research took from the conversation or dialogue used main characters in the movie.

The results of the analysis in this research are find the representative and directive that used by main characters. Every representative and directive utterances has illocutionary force on each utterances. The illocutionary force of representative that used are stating, claiming, complaining, suggesting, asserting, concluding, describing, and predicting. Then, the illocutionary force of directive are commanding, asking, permitting, requesting, begging, ordering, and entreating. The most dominant of representative is stating and the directive is asking.

Each representative has purposes for informing news, stating curiosity, for making relaxed, thanking, mocking someone, and for discussion. The purposes of directive are for asking, commanding people, begging, and convincing someone. The intended meaning of representative is about announcement, discussion about job, telling story, curiosity of main character, and seducing the girl. On the other hand, the intended meaning of directive is about asking their curiosity, chase away the gangster, and negotiating the new job.

(7)

xiv

ABSTRAK

Kata kunci: Percakapan, Representative, Directive

Percakapan adalah cara orang untuk saling berinteraksi. Pada percakapan, terkadang orang menegaskan tentang kebenaran dan memerintah orang lain untuk mendapatkan apa yang mereka inginkan. Dalam ilmu bahasa, menegaskan kebenaran biasa disebut representative dan memerintah orang lain disebut directive. Ini adalah alas an mengapa penulis tertarik untuk menganalisa tentang representative dan directive.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan representative dan directive dari pemeran utama pada filem “The Baytown Outlaws”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah; pertama, untuk menemukan representative dan directive yang digunakan oleh pemeran utama; kedua, tujuan dari penggunaan representative dan directive yang digunakan oleh pemeran utama; dan yang terakhir, untuk menjelaskan makna terdalam dari representative dan directive yang digunakan oleh pemeran utama.

Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pragmatics dari George Yule yang focus pada macam-macam wacana ilokusi yaitu representative dan directive. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data dari penelitian ini diambil dari percakapan atau dialog yang digunakan oleh pemeran utama pada filem ini.

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan representative dan directive yang digunakan oleh pemeran utama. Setiap ungkapan representative dan directive mempunyai illocutionary force. Illocutionary force dari representative yang digunakan adalah menyatakan, mengakui, mengeluh, saran, menegaskan, menyimpulkan, menggambarkan, dan memprediksi. Lalu, illocutionary force dari directive adalah memerintah, bertanya, menngizinkan, meminta, memohon, memesan, dan memohon dengan sangat. Yang paling dominan pada representative adalah menyatakan, danpada directive adalah bertanya.

Setiap representative mempunyai tujuan untuk pemberitahuan kabar, menyatakan penasaran, membuat tenang, rasa terimakasih, mengejek, dan diskusi. Tujuan dari directive adalah untuk bertanya, menyuruh orang lain, memohon, dan meyakinkan orang lain. Makna terdalam dari representative adalah tentang pemberitahuan, diskusi tentang pekerjaan, bercerita, keingintahuan dari pemeran utama, dan merayu perempuan. Disisi lain, makna terdalam dari directive adalah tentang rasa keingintahuan, mengusir sekelompok orang, dan bernegosiasi tentang pekerjaan.

(8)

TABLE CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page ... i

Inside Title ... ii

Declaration Page ... iii

Motto ... iv

Dedication Page ... v

Thesis Advisor’s Approval Page ... vi

Thesis Examiners’ Approval Page ... vii

Acknowledgments ... viii

Table of Contents ... xi

Abstract ... xiii

Abstrak ... xiv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1.Background of The Study... 1

1.2.Statements of The Problems ... 4

1.3.Objective of The Study ... 5

1.4.Significance of The Study ... 5

1.5.Scope and Limitation ... 6

1.6.Definition of Key Terms ... 6

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 8

2.1.Theoretical Framework ... 8

2.1.1. Pragmatics ... 8

2.1.2. Context ... 9

2.1.3. Speech Act ... 11

2.1.4. Illocutionary Act ... 13

2.1.4.1. Representative ... 13

2.1.4.2. Directive ... 14

(9)

xii

2.1.6. Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID)... 16

2.2.Previous Studies ... 17

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD ... 19

3.1.Research Design ... 19

3.2.Data and Data Source ... 19

3.3.Instrument ... 20

3.4.Technique of Data Collection ... 20

3.5.Data Analysis ... 21

CHAPTER 4 FINDING AND DISCUSSION ... 22

4.1.Findings ... 22

4.1.1.Representative ... 22

4.1.1.1.The intended meaning and purpose of representative ... 25

4.1.2.Directive ... 36

4.1.2.1. The intended meaning and purpose of directive ... 38

4.2.Discussion ... 47

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION ... 49

REFERENCES ... 51

(10)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

People cannot be separate with communication. In conducting communication, people need a medium to express their intentions and messages. The most appropriate medium is language since language can carry a message by symbols. People produce language for communication into several forms such as asking question, requesting something, blaming, thanking, etc. Through language, people create a communication, and then an interaction will be produced automatically (Cahyadi, P:2). Generally, if people want to deliver a message to others, they will produce utterances in order to make grasp what the message means.

In daily activity, people often direct someone to get what they want and say the truth of their circumstances. In linguistics studies, those things usually called directive and representative. Yule (1996, p:47) stated that in attempting to express themselves, people do not only produce utterances containing grammatical structures and words, they perform action via those utterances. It means that when people direct something, they do not need grammatical structures to get what they want from other people because when they utter some utterance; they are also giving an act. By understanding a little explanation before, the writer interested in analyze movie as the object because by watching a movie, we can focus on one object.

(11)

In this opportunity, the writer finds an interesting movie, which consists of necessary data to be analyzed in this thesis. The movie that was chosen for this study is “The Baytown Outlaws”. This movie is an action comedy movie and directed by Barry Battles in his directorial debut, and written by Battles and Griffin Hood. This movie is talk about three brothers who work as a payment murder. This movie was made in 2012 and first premier in United States in January 11th, 2013.

A lot of things that made the writer interested in this movie, start from the actors, story, and the most interesting one is the conversation or the dialogue of the actors in the movie. They used a dialogue or conversation that very easy to hear but still did not make the movie become monotones. Wardaugh (2006) stated that the function of language is the tool of human communication, whether written or oral has five basic functions expression, information, exploration, persuasion, and entertainment. This statement is very suitable with the movie that had been chose.

The writer analyzes representatives and directives act of speech acts classification based on the conversation and utterances of “The Baytown Outlaws” movie actors. Representative and Directive Acts are chosen as the main theory because the writer interested in find out illocution in the movie, because as the writer know, there is no study that using movie as the object to finding out illocutionary acts. The writer only takes Representative and Directive, without taking another

(12)

speech act classification because those two speech act classifications are often use in daily communication of people. That is the reason why writer want to know deeply about assertion of someone about the truth and knowing about direction of someone for the other people.

There are some related studies made previously. One of them is a study made by Amelia (2008) who analyzed about “Analysis of the Function of Speech Act used by Male and Female Preachers”. Her study aimed to find out what the differences speech act production by male and female preachers in delivering the sermons. The result of this study had shown that gender is the important aspect to affect speech act production. Then, there is a study made by Winarti (2005) that analyzed about function speech act in instant messenger chat spoken by English Department Students of Airlangga University. This study tried to find performative verb in performative utterance based on illocutionary act, perlocutionary act, and locutionary act features. The study applied both theory of Austin’s and Searle’s speech act. The result is performative utterance contained request, promise, assert, device and order. Both of the writers before are same analyzed about the speech act by using three features of speech act; locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary.

The writer find a study that focused on one feature of speech acts; it is made by Farchan (2013) that analyzed about illocutionary act in Jokowi’s campaign, speech on “Mewujudkan Jakarta Baru”. The study aimed to find out the kinds of illocutionary features in the campaign speech of Jokowi. The result of this study is

(13)

find the features of illocutionary act that used by Jokowi’s campaign such as Representatives, Declaratives, Commissives, Directives, and Expressives act.

This study is different object and different focus with Farhan’s studies. Farhan’s (2013) object was a video political campaign of JOKOWI’s. Farhan’s (2013) study took all of speech acts classification. This study uses the movie as the object and the utterances of the actors. This study is very interested to analyze because as the writer knows, there is no study which analyzing about illocutionary act and focus on one or two classification by using the movie as the object. By this opportunity, the writer supposes to make a new reference and new knowledge for the reader about illocutionary act is also could analyze in the movie.

1.2.Statement of the Problem

This movie told about three brothers; Brick Oodie, McQueen Oodie, and Lincoln Oodie, that have a criminal job, and the writer only focuses on the Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie when they are in a conversation each other or with other actors. By take the conversation of those actors, the writer decides to make some questions.

1. What are the representative and directive used by two main characters? 2. What are the purpose of those representative and directive acts performed

(14)

3. What are the intended meanings of representatives and directives act performed by two main characters?

1.3. Objective of the Study

Based on the problem of the study above, the writer presents the following aims:

1. To find the representative and directive used by two main characters. 2. To find the purpose of using those representative and directive acts

performed by two main actors.

3. To find the intended meanings of representatives and directives act from main characters in “The Baytown Outlaws” movie.

1.4. Significance of the Study

The study of analysing representatives and directives used by main character in “The Baytown Outlaws” movie supposed to provide contribution to the students of linguistic study as well. This study also has a purpose to explore the speech acts classification that used in the movie, as the writer know that another writer used drama, campaign video, or recording from reality conversation as the object. The writer also had a purpose that this study as a new reference for new researcher. In this study, the writer had been exploring two kinds of speech act classification, representative and directive act, that used by Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie through the conversation inside of it.

(15)

1.5. Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study was only take illocutionary act as the field of the theory and only focused on two classifications those are representative and directive. The writer only focuses on two classifications because he wants to be more specific in his study. The writer knows that a lot of writer took all of the speech acts classification as the study and that is another reason of why this study only focuses on two classifications. The pragmatics study will take as the main of the theories for this study because the study of illocutionary act is also under definition of speech act. This study also need a definition of context that is why this study also need a pragmatics study to make this study more focus. This study focuses on the utterance between Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie when they are in a conversation or with other actors. This study also limited on the illocutionary acts and speech acts classification of representatives and directives that used by Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie which is including in the conversation and utterance in the movie.

1.6. Definition of Key Term

The definitions below are to give the specific terms in this study:

Speech act : Fundamental units of linguistic communication which comprise three different levels: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts (Searle, 1976).

(16)

Illocutionary acts : The concept of “by saying something, we do something”, the words, and the specific purpose of speaker (Searle, 1976).

Representative : Representative are kinds of speech acts that state or express what speaker believes to be the case or not. (Yule, 1996, p.53)

Directive : Directive are speech act which speaker attempts to get the hearer to do something. (Yule, 1996, p.53)

IFID : (Illocutionary Force Indicating Device) The most obvious device for illocutionary onary force. (Yule, 1996, p.49)

Movie : A series of moving pictures recorded with sound that tells a story.

(17)

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Theoretical Framework

The writer presents about the theory that applied for the research in this chapter to analyze the aimed of Brick Oodie’s, McQueen Oodie’s and Lincoln Oodie’s conversation in their movie with the entitled “The Baytown Outlaws”. The theory that proposed by Searle (1976), he explained that there are some acts in every utterances; it is the main theory of this study. Speech acts is the sub studies of pragmatics. The writer also gives the definition of it to make this study more clearly for the reader and to strengthen the analysis.

2.1.1. Pragmatics

Pragmatics is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms (Yule, 1996, p.4). Yule (1996) also stated that Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpret by a listener (or reader). Thomas (in Farchan, 2013) stated that the common definition of pragmatics are meaning in use and meaning in context. The last definition about pragmatics before is emphasizing that Pragmatics agree with the use of language in relation to the speakers and interpreters.

Yule (1996: p.3) explained more complex in his book that definition of pragmatics are divided into four definition. First, pragmatics is the study of

(18)

speaker meaning. It means that communication needs a further analysis on what people mean by their utterances than its literal meaning of words or phrases in those utterances. Second, pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning. It requires a consideration of how speaker organize what they want to say depends on with who they are talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances. Third, pragmatics is the investigation of invisible meaning. Fourth, pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance. Therefore, how close or far the listener is, speakers can determine how much is needed to said

The advantages of studying language via pragmatics are that one can talk about people’s intended meaning, their assumptions, their purposes or goals, and the kinds of action. Since there is an advantage, it will always have disadvantages. The big disadvantage one is that these entire human concepts are extremely difficult to analyze in a consistent and objective way.

2.1.2. Context

Brian (2006) stated that understanding of how language in context is central to an understanding of the relationship between “what is said” and “what is understood” in spoken and written discourse. The meaning of grammatical utterance from the speaker could not be understood easily without knowing the context of the situation. The context of situation of what someone says is, therefore, crucial to understanding and interpreting the meaning of what is being

(19)

said (Brian, 2006:53). Brian also stated about what the impact of situational context.

situational context included the physical context, the social context and the mental worlds and roles of the people involved in the interaction. Each of these impacs on what we say and how other people interpret what we say in spoken and written discourse (Brian, 2006:54).

It is not enough when someone who wants to reveal the intended meaning only based on the speaker and the hearer. The situation when the utterance produced is also important to be known. The writer will explain the importance of it through the example below:

A. “Give me a fire!”

1. When the speaker who delivers the utterance in [A] is a smoker, it can be understood that he wants anyone to help him to turn on his cigarette. In other words, by saying that utterance, he wants to borrow matches from someone else.

2. When the utterance in [A] is delivered by a student who failed in the daily exam to his or her friend, it can be understood to ask for help. The helping which is meant by the writer is not to cheat, but the helping here is to motivate the student who failed in the exam. He asks his friend to give him motivation for studying harder. It is done to avoid the same failed in the future.

(20)

Gee in Cahyadi (2014) states that context in writing is obviously somewhat different from context in speech because writer and reader are not face-to-face physically encountering each other. It means that understanding the intended meaning of a speaker will be different understanding with a writer when they are in writing, the reader will not see the gesture of the writer that can help the reader to explore the intended meaning.

2.1.3. Speech Act

Speech act theory originates in Austin’s (1962) observation that while sentence can often be used to report states of affairs, the utterance of some sentence, Yule in Farchan (2014) stated that action performed via utterances are generally called speech act, and in English, are commonly given more specific labels, such as apology, complaint, compliment, invitation, promise, or request. The theory of Speech Act would serve as a tool for analysis and evaluation of the selected speeches in this study. The choice of Speech Act theory as the tool for analyzing Brick Oodie’s and McQueen Oodie’s conversation is because of the fact that they are performing some action through the use of words. Speech Act will make the writer able to uncover the truthfulness of signs of what the Brick Oodie’s and McQueen Oodie’s expression means when it is uttered.

There are three levels of Speech Act that introduce by Austin (1975 p.3), those three levels are: locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. The first level is locutionary act which concerns with the meaning of the word

(21)

themselves. Locutionary act is the actual utterance and its actual meaning (Austin, 1975).

Illocutionary act is the speaker signals an associated speech act and intended meaning. Austin (1975) stated that speaker does something in uttering to the hearer in context, such as; states a fact or an opinion, confirms or denies something, apologizing, promising, requesting, and asking or commanding. For further explanation about illocutionary act, it will be discussed in the next subchapter.

Perlocutionary act is the actual effect of speakers’ utterance to the hearer. A perlocution is the act that caused by the illocution to produce a certain effect or a certain influence to the addressee. The example of perlocutionary act are: persuading, convincing, scaring, enlighting, inspiring, or otherwise getting someone to do or realize something, wheter intended or not (Austin, 1975, p.3).

Since this study primarily focused on the meaning and act performed of Brick Oodie’s and McQueen Oodie’s conversation and has no purpose to find the speech effect to the audience, this study will not use locutionary and perlocutionary act as a other tool for analyzing the data to makes the study more focus and detail.

(22)

2.1.4. Illocutionary Act

The illocutionary act is the speaker signal an associated speech act and intende meaning (Austin, 1975). Further Austin added that illocutionary act concept “by saying something, we do something”. From that concept, we can conclude that someone has the illocutionary force while speaking something. The illocutionary act is one of sublevels of speech act. Illocutionary act is the central concept in speech act theory framework that has the function for analyzing the use of language in a communication. Illocutionary act is the utterance of sentence by speaker which is sent to have performed some acts Yule (1996: 232). In other words it can be said that the speaker wants the hearer do something after hear their utterances. The illocutionary force is “What is done in uttering the words”, the function of the words, the specific purpose of the speaker in his utterances (Cutting, 2002, p.16). According to Searle, the five categories of illocutionary acts are representatives, commissives, directives, declarations and expressive (Archer, etal, 2012, p.39). The following are the explanation of two illocutionary act categories as the writer focused.

2.1.4.1. Representatives

Representatives are kinds of speech acts that state or express what speaker believes to be the case or not (Yule, 1996, p.54). Searle in Levinson (2000) stated that Representatives commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition. The speakers’ utterance describes

(23)

some circumstances of them. Representatives’ act involves stating, claiming, asserting, suggesting, complaining, concluding, describing, hypothesizing, and predicting. There is also complex definition written by Jacob ():

“Assertions often, maybe even always, represent a subjuctive state of mind: the speaker who asserts a proposition as true does so in force of his or her belief. The belief may have different degrees of ‘force’: it makes a difference whether I postulate something or merely hypothesiz; however, the point of the speech act remains the same.”

For example: “The earth is flat” 2.1.4.2. Directives

Yule (1996, p.53) stated that directives are speech act which speaker attempts to get the hearer to do something. The hearer will express what the speakers’ wants. Searle in Levinson (2000) also stated that directives are attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something. Directive is use for function such as asking, ordering, requesting, begging, commanding, pleading, praying, entreating, permitting, and inviting. Jacob (2009, p.1015) stated clearly about directive:

‘Directives’ express the speaker’s wish that the hearer do such-and-such a thing and are uttered with the presumption that the hearer is under some obligation to carry out the action in question (status and roles within an office or an institution determine the right to utter the directive in question).

(24)

For example: “Do not touch that” or “Could you lend me a pen, please?” 2.1.5. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts

An utterance is possible have more than one illocution. To differentiate it, the writer decided to take direct and indirect speech-act as the sub theory. Yule (1996, p. 54) stated that direct speech act is when there is direct relationship between the structure and function. On the other hand, when there is indirect relationship between the structure and the function it can be called indirect speech act (Yule, p.55, 1996).

Thomas (in Jacob, p.113, 2004) observed, “In English, it is not usual to use the words I invite you to perform the act of inviting”. The opinion from Levinson is supporting what Thomas said before. Levinson (p.263, 2008) stated that most usages (of request) are indirect. On indirect speech act, we are not observing the structural or the functional form of the utterance; we have to take the context when the utterance is utters. These sentences below are the example of direct and indirect speech act.

(A)1. Move out of the way!

2. Do you have to stand in front of the TV? 3. You are standing in front of the TV.

(25)

The basic function of all the sentences above is a command or request, but the only sentence that use imperative structure in (A1) is represents direct speech acts. The interrogative structure in (A2) is not being for a question, but it is also for reminds someone to move from in front of the TV that is why the sentence (A2) is an indirect speech acts. The declarative structure in (A3) and (A4) is also representing as indirect speech act. We can conclude that indirect speech act is a theory to find out the second meaning of illocution sentence.

2.1.6. Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID)

Searle (1969: 30) states that illocutionary force is what illocutionary act the speaker is performing in the utterance of the sentence. In other words, it can be say that the illocutionary act produced by the speaker can be know from the illocutionary force. While Yule (1996: 49) defines that illocutionary, force is a slot for a verb that explicitly names the illocutionary act being performed. A verb can be called a performative verb (Vp). Therefore, the device of indicating device is performative verb. For example in the dialogue:

Him: Can I talk to Marry? Her: No, she’s not here.

Him: I’m asking you, can I talk to her? Her: And I’m telling you, She’s not here!

In the dialogue above, each speaker has describe, and drawn attention to, the illocutionary force (‘ask’ and ‘tell’) of their utterances.It also can be understood

(26)

that illocutionary force will help the listener to classify the illocutionary act being performed by the speaker.

Furthermore, Searle (1969: 30) states that illocutionary force indicating devices in English include word order, stress, intonation contour, punctuation, the mood of the verb, and the so-called performative verbs. From that statement, it can be seen that there are several things in illocutionary force that have to be known before classifying the type of illocutionary acts in an utterance.

2.2. Previous studies

There are some studies conducted previously that quite helpful for this study. The first is a study that made by Winarti with the title “A Study of Speech Acts in Instant Messenger chat spoke by English Department studies in Airlangga University. This study tried to find performative verb in performative utterance based on illocutionary act, perlocutionary act, and locutionary act features. The study applied both theory of Austin’s and Searle’s speech act. The result is performative utterance contained request, promise, assert, device and order. The second studies that also supported this study is made by Amelia (2008) with the title “Analysis of the Function of Speech Act used by Male and Female Preachers”. The study aimed to find out what the differences speech act production by male and female preachers in delivering the sermons. The result of this study shows that gender is the important aspect to affect speech act production. Those two studies are same used speech act as the theory to analyzing the data, even though those are in different object.

(27)

There is study that focused on analyzing illocutionary act. The study made by Farhan (2013) with the title A Study of Illocutionary Act: JOKOWI’s Campaign Speech on “Mewujudkan Jakarta Baru”. The study aimed to find out the kinds of illocutionary features in the campaign speech of Jokowi. The result of this study is find the features of illocutionary act that used by Jokowi’s campaign such as Representatives, Declaratives, Commissives, Directives, and Expressives act.

The last study is almost same as the writer focused in the analyzing on the study, that is illocutionary act, but Farhan’s (2013) study was take all of the speech acts classification and used political campaign speech video from you-tube as the object. On the other hand, this study used movie as the object of the study and only focus on two kinds of speech act classification, those are representatives and directives.

(28)

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

This part tells about how the researcher collects the data and analyzes this study. The approach of the study will be explains in this chapter.

3.1. Research Design

In completing this study, the writer applies qualitative approach to answer the statement of problems. According to Bodgan (1982), qualitative method is a research procedure which observes the data which are written or spoken by people and also includes their behaviour. The writer considers that qualitative approach is the suitable method because some of the data taken from the conversation transcribe of the movie and the writer does not need statistical data. The data are transcribed from the entire conversation of the actors in “The Baytown Outlaws” movie. Qualitative approach, as the name indicates, is an approach that does not involve measurement or statistics ( http://webspace-.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsyqualmeth.html).

3.2. Data and Data Sources

The writer took the data from browsing in Google and downloaded it from

www.ganool.co.in/the-baytwon-outlaws-2012 website. The movie that was

chosen is “The Baytown Outlaws” movie. The Baytown Outlaws is a movie that has 99 minutes length of duration, which consists of many dangerous and comedy drama. The data of this study is from the two main characters when they are communicating each other or with other actors as the data. Those two main

(29)

actors are Brick Oodie (Clayne Crawford) and McQueen Oodie (Travis Fimmel) because those actors are often appearing in the movie.

3.3. Instrument

The main instrument of this study is the writer himself. The writer is the main instrument because this study made by the writer himself. All the activities were done by the personal computer and office software.

3.4. Technique of Data collection

The writer took the data by several steps. Start from download the movie until become a transcribe data.

1. The writer downloaded the movie from internet websites www.ganool.co.in/the-baytown-outlaws-2012-bluray720p.

2. The first until second watching movie was for understanding the general story of the movie.

3. The third until fifth watching movie was for transcribed the utterances of all characters by using Orthography Transcription, that is transcribed the correct spelling according to established usage.

4. After transcribing the utterances of all characters, the writer sorted the transcribe data which only took the utterances of Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie when they are communicating each other or with other actors.

5. Unnecessary data was deleted to avoid confusion and technical errors, such as the conversation of other actors.

(30)

3.5. Data analysis

In analyzing the data, the writer applied several steps. The first step is classifying the data based on IFIDs as the device for analyzing illocutionary act. After classifying data based on IFIDs, the writer classifies the data into Yule’s speech acts classification of illocutionary act; those are representatives and directives as the focus of the study. After knowing the speech acts classification, the writer viewed the context of it to find out the aims of using those representative and directive acts. The last step, the writer observed the context of using those two-speech acts classifications then concluded the purpose of using those speech acts classification by Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie in The Baytown Outlaws movie.

In short, the steps in analyzing the data are:

1. Categorizing every utterance or the conversation of the data based on Yule’s representatives and directives of speech acts classification.

2. Concluding which ones that categorizedas representatives and directives of speech acts classification.

3. Viewing the context of the data to find out the aims of those speech act classification.

4. Viewing the context from the result of representatives and directives to find out the intended meaning.

5. After across the whole steps, the writer concluded the findings of the purpose and the intended meaning.

(31)

CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1.Findings

This chapter presents the findings and discussion from statement of the problems, which consist of three problems. Start from the representative and directive acts used by the two main actors. Afterwards, the writer shows the purpose of using representative and directive. The last, the intended meaning of every representative and directive that used by two main actors will be discussed.

4.1.1.Representative

The Utterances of Representative Illocutionary

Force Scene #1

1.1 It is your dog, Bro! Stating

Scene #2

2.1 You ain’t gonna believe this. Stating

2.2

We got the wrong house. Oh, this shit ain't gonna turn out well. You don't listen, man! You're likeMacGruber! Godd*mnit, man!

Complaining

Scene #3

3.1

Something's gotta change! Risking our necks for no money. This some bullshit! I'm about tired of us getting fucked six ways from Sunday, you hear me? Goddang, man! I was gonna put a pool in with that money.

Complaining

Scene #4 4.1

Friends? I ain't got no friends. I've got my brothers. Got my house. My car. I've got a sexy little chica standing in front of me. But I ain't got no friends

(32)

4.3 Lady, I'm not sure what it is you think you're doing, but

that's not exactly our line of expertise. Asserting 4.4

Yeah, I don't think saving people is really for us. You know? Why don't you take that sh*t to the cops? They'll do it for free.

Suggesting

Scene #5

5.1 Well, OK. Let me just find my missing persons report here

and I'll get you right set up. Stating

5.2 This ain’t Oodie Brothers Incorporated. Asserting Scene #6

6.1 I mean, they ain't running a day-care centre. Asserting 6.2 Well, if he is a baby, they got baby junk up there. Predicting 6.3

Why are you asking me so many godd*mn questions, man? We just went over this! What? What do you want to know? What do you want to know?

Complaining

6.4

I am gonna say which one's Rob! How about that? I'm gonna say, "You know what, I don't want Kevin! I don't want Michael! No, I don't want Stephen!" How about that? Fucking hell, man! It's a damn simple smash and grab! We smash whoever's in front of us and we take Rob! Damn! Plain and simple!

Describing

6.6 I got it up here. There is a lot you do not know about me. Claiming Scene #7

7.1 I took a job out here. Stating

7.2 Look, it's not a big deal, man. All right? It is just a little

gig out here. We can handle it. Claiming

Scene #8

8.1 Cause you are being mean! He cannot help it. Complaining 8.2 It does not matter. She sent us to get rob. We got Rob,

right? Claiming

Scene #9

9.1 Well, how about this? If I go back there, I am gonna bust

up Mac and your TV. How about that? Concluding 9.2 It is looks like Mac finally had enough. Asserting

(33)

12.1 I do not know, but you can bet I am gonna call Celeste and

find out. Concluding

Scene #13

13.1

You see, man, when you open up something in the store, you have to pay for it. No one taught me that when I was young. I learnt that one the hard way from the cops.

Stating

Scene #14

14.1 Morning, sunshine! You know, I do not remember

crazy-*ss biker chicks being involved in our deal. Complaining 14.3

And if you lie to me again, Carlos will be the list of your worries. I already dropped five bitches. I will not hesitate to make it six.

Asserting

Scene #15

15.1 Hey. Do not worry. Do not worry, man. Ain’t nothing will

hurt Lincoln. He is OK. Stating

Scene #16

16.1 We are in a world of sh*t down here. Stating

16.2 Look, I just thought that if, you know, we could run in and

do a quick Asserting

Scene #17

17.1

Uh, Let us see. Millard won’t have anything to do with us any more, `cause he can not clean up that mess with the biker chicks down at the bar. So now we cannot go back to `Bama. And all of them son of b*tches we moved down in Austin? Guess what we missed.

Concluding

17.2

We had brother who passed away before you can even remember. He was in the same situation Rob’s in. He was all buggered up, and he was in a wheelshair. Daddy beat his *ss every single day. Treated him like a dog and there is nothing we could do about it. Different!

Describing

Scene #18

18.2 What the hell is this motherf*cker? Hey, Rottweiler! You

better back the f*ck up, m*tt! Sugesting

Scene #19

19.1 I pured whiskey on it. Claiming

Scene #20

20.1 You look really familiar. Stating

20.2 Listen, I really appreciate everything you’ve done for us. I

(34)

4.1.1.1. The Intended meaning and Purpose of Using Representative The intended meaning and purpose of the representative that used by main characters are interpreted in this sub-heading. The writer explains it with take the fragment of the scene that will discussed. The writer starts the explanation from taking the fragment of scene #1.

Fragment 1 of Scene #1 Brick Oodie : Open up!!

McQueen Oodie :It is your dog, Bro[1.1]. We have got a warrant for Hector De la Taco, so send him on out.

The intended meaning of the representative on this fragment is about the guest. Brick Oodie and his brothers are the guest of the home that they visit. The purpose of using representative in this scene is to inform someone inside of home to go out and see the guest. The writer only finds one representative in the scene #1. Another fragment of every scene that has representative is explained below.

Fragment 1 of Scene #2

McQueen Oodie : You ain’t gonna believe this.[2.1]

Brick Oodie : Yeah?

McQueen Oodie : We got the wrong house. Oh, this sh*t ain't gonna turn out well. You don't listen, man! You're like

MacGruber![2.2] Godd*mnit, man!

On this fragment, two utterances of representatives have related each other. The intended meaning of representative in the utterance [2.1] is McQueen Oodie want to informing Brick Oodie that he has news that making very shock, so the purpose of using representative in the [2.1] is to inform his friend. On the other hand, the intended meaning of

(35)

representative in the [2.2] is McQueen Oodie anger because of the careless of Brick Oodie. Brick Oodie cannot find the address carefully. So the utterance [2.2] has purpose for complaining the careless of his friend.

Fragment 1 of Scene #3 McQueen Oodie : Nothing?

Brick Oodie : Nope.

McQueen Oodie : Not even Half?

Brick Oodie : Emm-emm.

McQueen Oodie : Something's gotta change! Risking our necks for no money. This some bullsh*t! I'm about tired of us getting f*cked six ways from Sunday, you hear me? Godd*ng, man! I was gonna put a pool in with that money. [3.1] The intended meaning of representative that used in this fragment is McQueen Oodie gave an advice for changing the plan because the plan that made by Brick Oodie as always failed. Therefore, this utterance has purpose for complaining to his friend. When the representative in the fragment of scene 2 has purpose for complaining about careless, in this fragment is complaining to change the plan. For the fragment of scene #4, it explained below.

Fragment 1 of Scene #4

Celeste : I'm Celeste. I was hoping to talk to you and your friends. Brick Oodie :Friends? I ain't got no friends. I've got my brothers. Got

my house. My car. I've got a sexy little chica standing in front of me. But I ain't got no friends. [4.1]

On this fragment, the intended meaning of the representative is Brick Oodie asserted that he did not have any friend and to seduce Celeste to be his friend. So, the purpose of representative is to notify somebody that he

(36)

does not have what other people want. There are two representatives more that will explain below.

Fragment 2 of Scene #4

Celeste : Get my godson back from my ex-husband.

Brick Oodie : Lady, I'm not sure what it is you think you're doing, but that's not exactly our line of expertise. [4.2]

The representative that uttered on this fragment has intended meaning. The intended meaning of the utterance [4.2] is he wanted to assert that his job was not for saving people, but catched the bandit. Therefore, the purpose of using representative in this scene is for clarify about his job. The last fragment of scene #4 is explained below.

Fragment 3 of Scene 4

Brick Oodie : Yeah, I don't think saving people is really for us. You know? Why don't you take that shit to the cops? They'll do it for free.[4.3]

Celeste : Twenty-five thousand. Five thousand up front.

On this fragment, the intended meaning of the utterance [4.3] is he wanted to refuse kindly that he could not accept the job, but he could give a suggestion. Therefore, brick Oodie’s utterance has purpose for giving suggestion. He tried to refuse and gave a suggestion. The intended meaning and purpose of representative in the scene 5 is explains below. Fragment 1 of Scene #5

Brick Oodie : Listen up, dipshits! This here is Celeste and she would like to give us an assload of money to kidnap her god-kid back from her deadbeat ex-husband. That about cover it?

Celeste : I guess do.

McQueen Oodie : Well, OK. Let me just find my missing persons report here and I'll get you right set up. [5.1]

(37)

On this fragment, the intended meaning of representative that used by McQueen Oodie is he pretended to be a police and would write the report of what Celeste’s want. The representative has purpose for giving notice. He said it when his brother, Brick Oodie, offered to take a job for saving people. The next fragment is still on the scene #5.

Fragment 2 of Scene #5

McQueen Oodie : And you think we can provide that?

Celeste : Yeah. If he was arrested, he'll just get out in 18 months and hunt me down

McQueen Oodie : This ain’t Oodie Brothers Incorporated.[5.2]

This fragment is on the scene #5. The intended meaning of this utterance is McQueen Oodie asserting that he and his brother were not a business group. Therefore, the purpose of using representative on this scene is for informing someone. After explain every representative on scene #5, the representative on scene #6 is on the below.

Fragment 1 of scene #6

McQueen Oodie : Now, I know we’ve got an address to Austin. But shouldn't she have given us like a picture of the kid or something? Brick Oodie : How many kids you reckon they got up there? I mean,

they ain't running a day-care centre. [6.1]

Brick Oodie uttered representative on the utterance [6.1] when he answered the curious question of McQueen Oodie. The intended meaning of the representative on this fragment is Brick Oodie predicted that a person who he and his brother looking for was not like what McQueen Oodie imagine. The purpose of representative that used on this fragment is

(38)

for answer the question from McQueen oodie. The next representative is still from scene #6.

Fragment 2 of Scene #6

McQueen Oodie : What if we get there and Rob is a baby?

Brick Oodie : Well, if he is a baby, they got baby junk up there.[6.2] On this fragment, the intended meaning of utterance [6.2] is the answering of Brick Oodie. Brick Oodie predicted if Rob is a baby, the keeper of Rob must have a baby junk at there. The purpose of the representative is for making McQueen Oodie relaxed. The next explanation is from scene #6.

Fragment 3 of Scene #6

McQueen Oodie : What if there is more than one kid?

Brick Oodie : Why are you asking me so many goddamn questions, man? We just went over this! What? What do you want to know? What do you want to know?[6.3]

McQueen Oodie : How will we know which is Rob?

Brick Oodie : I am gonna say which one's Rob! How about that? I'm gonna say, "You know what, I don't want Kevin! I don't want Michael! No, I don't want Stephen!" How about that? Fucking hell, man! It's a damn simple smash and grab! We smash whoever's in front of us and we take Rob! Damn! Plain and simple! What? Sorry, Lincoln. [6.4]

On this fragment, there are two representative that used by Brick Oodie. The first representative [6.3] is talking about the annoyance from Brick Oodie for the question of McQueen Oodie. The purpose of using the representative is for complaining. The next representative is utterance [6.4], it talks about the anger Brick Oodie, because every question by McQueen Oodie could make them hesitate about that job. The purpose of

(39)

using representative on this scene is for describing how the way he got Rob. The purpose of using representative on this scene is for assert how the way they get Rob.

Fragment 1 of Scene #7

Brick Oodie : I took a job out here.[7.1]

Millard : Oh, you took a job. Well, excuse me. What was I thinking? I forgot you guys are freelance artists. So, Mr Brick what job did you take?

Brick Oodie : Look, it's not a big deal, man. All right? It is just a little gig out here. We can handle it.[7.2]

Two representative that used by Brick Oodie are in utterance [7.1] and [7.2]. The first utterance talks about Brick Oodie has job that is not fron the police, but by himself. The purpose of using representative on this scene is for stating that he has job. The second utterance [7.2] talks about he can handle the new job, so the purpose is for claiming that he can handle the job.

Frament 1 of Scene #8

Brick Oodie : ‘Cause you are being mean! He cannot help it[8.1].

You Ok? You hurt? You Ok? He can understand us. McQueen Oodie : How the hell did you get “I’m OK” from that?

The representative on this scene has intended meaning. The intended meaning for utterance [8.1] talks about humanity feeling of Brick Oodie about the person who get physical defect. The purpose of using the representative is for complaining to his brother. The next explanation is still from scene #8.

(40)

McQueen Oodie : It's just a little weird that she didn't mention the poor little fellow all buggered up, you know?

Brick Oodie : It does not matter. She sent us to get rob. We got Rob, right? You good, Buddy?[8.1]

This fragment of scene #8 happened when Brick Oodie annoyance about every statement that made by McQueen Oodie and he claimed that they have been get what Celeste want. The purpose of using representative is for claiming that they did the job well.

Fragment 1 of Scene #9

Brick Oodie : Well, how about this? If I go back there, I am gonna bust up Mac and your TV. How about that?[9.1] Lucky : Yeah, is that a fact? What the fuck?

This fragment talks about the negotiation between Brick Oodie and Lucky about the TV. The purpose of using representative on this scene is for negotiating with the owner of cafe. The next explanation is also for scene #9.

Fragment 2 of Scene #9

Lucky : I am gonna give it a rest for a second, all right? Macky? I am gonna give it a rest! Mac! Say, Mac. Mac?

Brick Oodie : It is looks like Mac finally had enough.[9.2]

The representative that used in this scene is talk about the stating of Brick Oodie about Mac. Brick Oodie stated that Mac enough for watching blue film. The purpose of using representative on this scene is for informed about Mac condition. The next explanation is from scene #12. Fragment 1 of Scene #12

McQueen Oodie : That sexy bitch broke her damn heel off in my back. Whoo. What in the hell was that?

Brick Oodie : I do not know, but you can bet I am gonna call Celeste and find out.[12.1]

(41)

The representative on this scene has intended meaning that is he wanted to know what happened last morning. Brick Oodie had fighting with a lot of street racer woman when he was in cafe. The purpose of using the representative is asserts and angry of Brick Oodie. The next explanation is form scene #13.

Fragment 1 of Scene #13

McQueen Oodie : You see, man, when you open up something in the store, you have to pay for it. No one taught me that when I was young. I learnt that one the hard way from the cops. [13.1]

This representative utterance happened when McQueen Oodie brought Rob in the market to buy something to eat. The intended meaning is McQueen Oodie telling story of his life when he was a child. The purpose of using representative on this fragment is for giving advice to Rob. The next explanation is from scene #14.

Fragment 1 of Scene #14

Brick Oodie : Morning, sunshine! You know, I do not remember crazy-*ss biker chicks being involved in our deal.[14.1] Celeste : I do not remember leaving Carlos alive in the deal either.

Is Rob all right?

This fragment happened when Brick Oodie called Celeste by phone and discussed about the street racer girl. The intended meaning is Brick Oodie wanted to complain about what he had last morning. The purpose of using representative on this scene is for complaining. The next explanation is still from scene #15.

(42)

Fragment 2 of Scene #14

Celeste : I will be there as soon as I can.

Brick Oodie : And if you lie to me again, Carlos will be the list of your worries. I already dropped five bitches. I will not hesitate to make it six. [14.2]

This fragment happened in the last discussion of Brick Oodie and Celeste. The intended meaning is Brick Oodie would hit Celeste if she lies to Brick about Rob again. The purpose of the representative is for asserting Celeste to do what Brick Oodie wants. The next explanation is from scene #15.

Fragment 1 of Scene #15

McQueen Oodie : Hey. Do not worry. Do not worry, man. Ain’t nothing will hurt Lincoln. He is OK. [15.1]

The intended meaning for this utterance is for making Rob relax about the Lincoln Oodie condition. Lincoln getting hurt and Rob was afraid if Lincoln Oodie in a bad condition. The purpose of using representative on this scene in for making Rob relaxed. The next explanation is from scene #16.

Fragment 1 of Scene #16

Brick Oodie : We are in a world of sh*t down here. [16.1] Millard : Yeah, and now spilling over into mine.

The representative that used in this fragment has an intended meaning about informing his friend hat he was in a bad situation because of his job. The purpose of using representative in this utterance is for informing. The next explanation is still from scene #16.

(43)

Fragment 2 of Scene #16

Millard : Stop! Stop! Stop! Shut up! Just shut the f*ck up! The less I know, the better. I taught you better than this!

Brick Oodie : Look, I just thought that if, you know, we could run in and do a quick. [16.2]

The representative that used by Brick Oodie in this scene has intended meaning about stating that he could do that job as well as possible without disturbing other people’s life. The purpose of this representative is for assert someone to believe him. The next explanation is from scene #17.

Fragment 1 of Scene #17

Brick Oodie : Uh, Let us see. Millard won’t have anything to do with us any more, `cause he can not clean up that mess with the biker chicks down at the bar. So now we cannot go back to `Bama. And all of them son of b*tches we moved down in Austin? Guess what we missed. [17.1] This scene happened when Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie in debate about their job, they debated about the person that they missed. The intended meaning is about the police did not want to cover them again. Now they were doing that job by themselves, without under instruction of the police. The purpose of this representative is for informing his brother. The next explanation is still from scene #17.

Fragment 2 of Scene #17

McQueen Oodie : How the f*ck is it different?

Brick Oodie : We had brother who passed away before you can even remember. He was in the same situation Rob’s in. He was all buggered up, and he was in a wheelshair. Daddy beat his *ss every single day. Treated him like a dog and there is nothing we could do about it. Different![17.2]

(44)

This representative on the utterance [17.2] is about the story of Brick Oodie. The intended meaning of this representative is Brick Oodie sharing the past story of his Old brother that had same condition with Rob’s condition. The purpose of this representative is for clarify about the different about his problem. The next explanation is from scene #18 which telling about the Oodie brothers and the gangster.

Fragment 1 of Scene #18

McQueen Oodie : What the hell is this motherfucker? Hey, Rottweiler! You better back the f*ck up, m*tt! [18.1]

Gangsters : Merry Christmas, mother*uckers.

On this fragment, Oodie brothers had to face up the gangster who wants to catch Rob. The intended meaning of representative is for chase away the gangster. Therefore, the purpose of using representative is for snapping the gangster.

Fragment 1 of Scene #19

Nurse : Infection is setting in. McQueen Oodie : I pured whiskey on it. [19.1]

Nurse : Let me guess, you saw that in a movie?

The representative that uttered by McQueen Oodie has intended meaning about he wanted to treat Lincoln using whiskey on his scars. The purpose of using it is for answer the question from the nurse about the infection from the scars of his brother. The last explanation is from scene #20.

(45)

Fragment 1 of Scene #20

Brick Oodie : You look really familiar.[20.1]

Nurse : Yeah?

Brick Oodie : Yeah.

The representative that used in this scene is for stating. Brick Oodie stated that he ever seen the nurse in somewhere, but he forgot. The purpose of this representative is for convince that Brick Oodie ever seen her in somewhere. The last fragment of scene #20 is explains below. Fragment 2 of Scene #20

Brick Oodie : Listen, I really appreciate everything you’ve done for us. I can’t say that I would exactly done the same thing, so…[20.2]

Nurse : You’re welcome.

The last representative is for thanking to the nurse about the helping. Brick Oodie realize that he cannot reply the help of the nurse in someday. The purpose of this representative is for thanking to the nurse. Those are all about the intended meaning and the purpose of representative in this movie.

4.1.2. Directive

The Utterances of Directive Illocutionary

Force Scene #1

1.1 We have a warrant for Hector De la Taco, so send him

on out. Commanding

1.2 This is the FBI! Why the fuck don’t you open the

fucking door? Let's go! Asking

1.3

All right, man! Just take a step back and take another look at our credentials! Officer McQueen, would you please show this nice young gentleman your badge?

Requesting

(46)

3.1 Nothing? Asking

3.2 Not even Half? Asking

Scene #4

4.1 Can I help you? Asking

4.2 Come on inside and meet the boys Inviting

Scene #5

5.1 Did you happen to mention that kidnapping ain't exactly

what we do? Asking

5.4 You shut up. I’m talking to the lady. Shut up, Man! Commanding

Scene #6

6.2

Now, I know we’ve got an address to Austin. but shouldn't she have given us like a picture of the kid or something?

Asking

Scene #7

7.1 Who do you think? Asking

7.2 Do not answer that sh*t, Man. Don’t answer it. Don’t

you! Commanding

Scene #8

8.1 How the hell did you get “I’m OK” from that? Asking

Scene #9

9.1 Let us see about that. Hey, Man, Why don not you turn

that sh*t off back there for me? Asking

9.2 See, I got a minor with me. I would appreciate it if he

would not have listen to that. Begging

Scene #10

10.1 You got anything to eat back there besides the bar food

bullsh*t? Asking

10.2

Well, rustle something up, Man. I need something for the kid, please. We are in a big hurry of you do not mind.

Commanding

Scene #11

11.1 What is your name? Can I buy you a drink? Asking

11.2 Lucky! Can I get us some beers for my new friend Jez

and her ladies, and that kid’s still waiting on his food. Ordering

Scene #12

12.1 That sexy bitch broke her damn heel off in my back.

(47)

12.2

Rambo time. Now, you ain't gonna get me back for this later? Promise me now. ‘Cause I have got a feeling this is gonna hurt. He is taking it, Man.

Entreating

Scene #13

13.1 Wake up! Go get Rob something to eat. I am gonna call

Celeste. Commanding

Scene #14

14.1 All right. Why would a guy like Carlos, what would he

want to do with a kid in Rob’s condition? Asking

Scene #16

16.1 Brick! We got to go! We made the news! Inviting

Scene #17

17.1 They drew you to look like a fag. Look at that. Requesting

17.2

Hell, we ain’t got no other options either. I mean, look at us. We cannot even take care of ourselves. Has it ever crossed your mind that maybe he stands a better chance without us?

Asking

Scene #20

20.1 Crockett. That is where I’ve seen you. Small world. So

why ain’t you a nurse? Asking

20.2 what would you say if I offered you two grand to get us

to VicksburG, Mississippi? Requesting

4.1.2.1. The Intended Meaning and Purpose of Using Directive

The intended meaning and the purpose of using directive will explain in this sub-heading. The writer explains it by taking the fragment of every dialogue that has directive. On this movie, the writer finds 17 scenes have directive. For the first discussion, the writer starts from scene #1 below.

Fragment 1 of Scene #1

Brick Oodie : Open up!

McQueen Oodie : It is your dog, Bro. We have got a warrant for Hector De la Taco, so send him on out. [1.1]

Bacon Street Thugs : You've got the wrong house, ese.

McQueen Oodie : Why don't you let me worry about that there, Snookum? [1.2]

(48)

Brick Oodie : This is the FBI! Why the fuck don’t you open the fucking door? Let's go![1.3]

On this fragment, there are three utterances that classified as directive. In the utterance [1.1], the intended meaning of the utterance is McQueen Oodie inform that he had a warrant for a person and he wanted the person that has the name like McQueen Oodie said to go out, so, the purpose of using that directive is for commanding people to go out. On the other hand, in the utterance [1.2] has the purpose for asking. He was asking about why he should worry about what the other people asking for. The last directive in the utterance [1.3] has purpose for intimidate people to make them scare. Brick Oodie snapping with pretend to be an FBI.

Fragment 1 of Scene #3

McQueen Oodie : Nothing? [3.1]

Brick Oodie : Nope.

McQueen Oodie : Not even Half? [3.2]

Brick Oodie : Emm-emm.

This fragment happened when McQueen ask about the commission of their job. The intended meaning of both representative utterances is about asking the result of their job. The purpose of two directives here is also same for asking. The utterance [3.1] is just asking and the utterance [3.2] is for convince the answer of asking.

Fragment 1 of Scene #4

Brick Oodie : Can I help you?[4.1]

(49)

On this scene, the new female character is just come and her name is Celeste. The intended meaning of the utterance [4.1] is Brick Oodie asking and shocking wilfully. Therefore, the purpose of the directive on this fragment is for asking to Celeste what he can help for her. Another directive utterance in the scene #4 is explains below.

Fragment 2 of Scene #4

Brick Oodie : Yeah, I don't think saving people is really for us. You know? Why don't you take that shit to the cops? They'll do it for free.

Celeste : Twenty-five thousand. Five thousand up front. Brick Oodie : Come on inside and meet the boys. [4.2]

This fragment happened when Celeste offers that Brick Oodie would get a lot of money if he did what Celeste wants. The intended meaning of the utterance [4.2] is he accepted what Celeste wanted but they must discuss with Brick Oodie brother first that is why he invite Celeste to come inside the home. The utterance [4.2] has a purpose for inviting Celeste to following him.

Fragment 1 of Scene #5

McQuen Oodie : Did you happen to mention that kidnapping ain't exactly what we do? [5.1]

Celeste : I was there this morning.

On this scene, the intended meaning of this utterance is McQueen wanted to remind his brother that kidnapping is not their job. Their job only catched the bandit and brings it to the police. So, the purpose of using directive is for convincing someone that kidnapping is not his job. On this

(50)

scene, Oodie brothers did negotiate with Celeste about the commission of the job. The next directive is still from scene #5.

Fragment 2 of Scene #5

Brick Oodie : Shut up, Man.

McQueen Oodie : You shut up. I’m talking to the lady. Shut up, Man!

[5.2]

This fragment happened when Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie in debate for quiet. In the utterance [5.2], the intended meaning of that utterance is McQueen Oodie want his brother to silent because he discussed about the job with Celeste. Therefore, the purpose of using directive on this fragment is for commanding someone to be quiet. Another purpose of directive is from scene #6.

Fragment 1 of Scene #6

McQueen Oodie : Now, I know we’ve got an address to Austin. But shouldn't she have given us like a picture of the kid or something? [6.1]

Brick Oodie : How many kids you reckon they got up there? I mean, they ain't running a day-care centre.

On this scene, McQueen Oodie made a lot of question that made Brick Oodie anger. The intended meaning of representative on this scene is McQueen Oodie curious about the address of their job. In the utterance [6.1], the purpose of this directive utterance is for asking question. The next purpose of directive is taking from a fragment of the scene #7.

Fragment 1 of Scene #7

McQueen Oodie : Wooowww.. ow! Who that? Brick Oodie : F*ck. Who do you think? [7.1]

(51)

McQueen Oodie : Do not answer that sh*t, Man. Don’t answer it. Don’t you!. [7.2]

There are two directive utterances in this fragment. In the utterance [7.1] has intended meaning about angry of someone that call him by phone and the purpose is for asking question. On the other hand, in the utterance [7.2] has intended meaning that is McQueen gives an advice if he answer it, they would get a lot of problem. The purpose of utterance [7.2] is for requesting to do not do what McQueen Oodie wants. After presenting the directive on the scene #7, the writer explains the directive of scene #8 on the below.

Fragment 1 of Scene #8

Brick Oodie : Hey, look, Buddy. We ain't going to hurt you, all right? Celeste sent us. You know Celeste? Huh? Yeah! There he goes! See? He understand us just fine.

McQueen Oodie : Once again, How the hell do you know what he is saying? You the tard whisperer? [8.1]

On this fragment, Brick Oodie tries to make a conversation with other people who get physical defect. The intended meaning of the utterance [8.1] is McQueen Oodie curious about what Brick Oodie talking about, whereas Brick Oodie talk with someone who get physical defect. So, the purpose of this directive utterance is for asking. The next directive utterance takes from scene #9.

Fragment 1 of Scene #9

Brick Oodie : Let’s see about that. Hey, Man. Why don’t you turn that sh*t off back there for me? [9.1]

Lucky (bartender) : That is Mac. He is 98 years old. I think he is earned the right to watch a little “T” and “A” if he wants.

(52)

On this fragment, Brick Oodie wanted the bartender to turn off the TV because Brick Oodie brought someone who get physical defect. He wanted someone who got the physical defect did not watch the movie on TV. Therefore, the purpose of the directive on this fragment is for asking. Another purpose the directive on scene #9 will explains below.

Fragment 2 of Scene #9

Brick Oodie : See, I got a minor with me. I would appreciate it if he would not have listen to that.[9.2]

Lucky : I am gonna give it a rest for a second, all right?

This fragment happened in the same situation of fragment 1 on the scene #9. The intended meaning of the representative utterance from this fragment is Brick Oodie inform that he brought someone who has physical defect. The purpose of the directive on this fragment is for begging to turn off the TV. After explained the purpose of every directive in scene #9, the next explanation is from scene #10.

Fragment 1 of Scene #10

Brick Oodie : You got anything to eat back there besides the bar food bullsh*t? [10.1]

Lucky : I have to go get it.

Brick Oodie : Well, rustle something up, Man. I need something for the kid, please. We are in a big hurry of you do not mind. [10.2]

On this fragment, there are two directives utterance that said by Brick Oodie. The intended meaning of the utterance [10.1] is he wanted something to eat, that is why the utterance [10.1] has purpose for asking about food. On the other hand, the utterance [10.2] has purpose for bidding

(53)

to take a food because the intended meaning of this utterance is Brick Oodie wanted to snap the bartender to take the food on his kitchen. Those are the purpose of directive in the scene #10.

Fragment 1 of Scene #11

McQueen Oodie : Watch this. Dibs. Name’s McQueen. What is your name? Can I buy you a drink? [11.1]

Mona : Her name is Jez and you can by us a drink.

McQueen Oodie : Lucky! Can I get us some beers for my new friend Jez and her ladies, and that kid’s still waiting on his food.

[11.2]

Lucky : I will be right back.

On this fragment, there are two directives that uttered by McQueen Oodie. This fragment happened when McQueen Oodie wanted to personal approach with a girl. The directive in utterance [11.1] has intended meaning, that is he wanted to seduce the girl to introduce their name, so the purposeof the utterance [11.1] is for asking name. Another directive on utterance [11.2] has intended meaning about order someone to get something to eat. The purpose of the [11.2] is for bidding someone. Another utterance purpose of directive explained below.

Fragment 1 of Scene #12

McQueen Oodie : That sexy bitch broke her damn heel off in my back. Whoo. What in the hell was that?[12.1]

Brick Oodie : I do not know, but you can bet I am gonna call Celeste and find out.

McQueen Oodie : Rambo time. Now, you ain't gonna get me back for this later? Promise me now. ‘Cause I have got a feeling this is gonna hurt. He is taking it, Man. [12.2]

This fragment of scene #12 happened when McQueen Oodie treated Lincoln Oodie. There were two directives that have different intended

(54)

meaning and purpose. The utterance [12.1], the intended meaning is about the curiosity McQueen Oodie’s mind. The purpose of that directive is for asking about the past situation. On the other hand, the intended meaning of directive on utterance [12.2] is about advice for Lincoln Oodie that he would not get any scars again, therefore the purpose of using directive is for entreating someone. There is also directive on scene #13 which will explain below.

Fragment 1 of Scene #13

Brick Oodie : Wake up! Go get Rob something to eat. I am gonna call Celeste. [13.1]

This fragment is on scene #13 and happened when Brick Oodie awaked McQueen Oodie. The intended meaning is Brick Oodie wants McQueen Oodie to keep Rob and looking for some foods for him. The purpose of this directive is for commanding. The directive that used by main characters are also appear in scene #14.

Fragment 1 on Scene #14

Brick Oodie : All right. Why would a guy like Carlos, what would he want to do with a kid in Rob’s condition?[14.1]

Celeste : Carlos killed Rob’s parents, and then lied to me about it. This fragment happened when Brick Oodie called Celeste by phone and talked about Rob. The intended meaning of the utterance [14.1] is Brick Oodie curious why someone like Rob that had physical defect become hunted person. That is why the purpose of the directive is for asking about his curiosity. The next directive is from scene #16.

(55)

Fragment 1 of Scene #16

McQueen Oodie : Brick! We got to go! We made the news! [16.1]

This fragment happened when McQueen Oodie knows that he and his brothers were outlaws and invited Brick Oodie to run away. Therefore, the purpose of this directive utterance is for inviting Brick Oodie to go away. There is also another directive that appears and has purpose in the scene #17.

Fragment 1 of Scene #17

McQueen Oodie : They drew you to look like a fag. Look at that.[17.1] Brick Oodie : (take the radio and throw it to the highway)

The intended meaning in the utterance [17.1] talks about the news on radio that drew their face one by one. The purpose of the directive on this fragment is for commanding. McQueen Oodie is making fun of his brother. He wanted Brick Oodie to look at his picture on news. The next directive is still from scene #17.

Fragment 2 of Scene #17

Brick Oodie : They ain’t got no either options.

McQueen Oodie : Hell, we ain’t got no other options either. I mean, look at us. We cannot even take care of ourselves. Has it ever crossed your mind that maybe he stands a better chance without us? [17.2]

On this fragment, the intended meaning is McQueen Oodie gave an advice to Brick Oodie and asked about Rob condition if Rob is lost of them. The directive utterance on this fragment has a purpose for asking because of his worried. Another directive that has purpose is on the scene #20.

(1)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

Fragment 1 of Scene #20

Nurse : Do you stay in shitty motels? `Cause we clean them. Brick Oodie : Crockett. That is where I’ve seen you. Small world. So

why ain’t you a nurse? [20.1]

The directive that appears in this fragment has purpose for asking. The intended meaning of directive on this fragment is about question from Brick Oodie because of his curiosity. He is curious about why the nurse cleaned toilets. Another directive from this scene is explains below.

Fragment 2 of Scene #20

Brick Oodie : what would you say if I offered you two grand to get

us to VicksburG, Mississippi?[20.2]

Nurse : What do you say I convince you not to do what you’re about to do? I could take you anywhere else.

On this fragment, the intended meaning of directive on this fragment is Brick Oodie requested to carry him and his brothers to another place. The nurse agreed and brought them to the place that they want. Therefore, the purpose of this directive is for requesting what they want. This is the last scene that has directive. The next sub-heading is about intended meaning of every directive.

4.2.Discussion

Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie had uttered many representative and directive on “The Baytown Outlaws” movie. The most appear illocutionary force of representative on this movie is stating. On the other hand, the most appear illocutionary force of directive on this movie is asking. From this finding, the writer can conclude that stating from representative and asking from directive is cannot separated by people in communication.

(2)

This study is totally different with Farchan from Airlangga University. Farchan’s study discussed about the entire kinds of illocutionary acts, whereas this study only discuss the representative and directive from the kinds of illocutionary acts. The result of this study finds every utterance that classified as representative and directive. The illocutionary force of the representative are stating, claiming, asserting, predicting, suggesting, concluding, and describing. On the other hand, the illocutionary force of directive are asking, requesting, ordering, entreating, begging, inviting, and commanding.

The intended meaning of every utterance that used representative are about telling story of the past experience, curiosity of main character about the job, and seducing the girl about making relationship. The purpose of using representative are informing news, stating curiosity, for making relaxed, thanking, and for discussion. On the other hand, the intended meaning of every utterance that used directive are asking about their curiosity about Rob’s condition, chase away the gangster when the main character want to fight, and negotiate the new job. The purpose of the utterance that used directive is for asking, commanding people, begging, and convincing someone.

(3)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

After presenting the result of analysis in the previous chapter, the conclusion and suggestions are taken in this part. The conclusion is drawn based on the formulated statement of problems. Based on the data analysis, the writer discovers the representative and directive used by McQueen Oodie and Brick Oodiein “The Baytown Outlaws” movie.

The writer finds 145 utterances that classified as representative and directive which consist of 75 utterances of representative and 70 utterances of directive. In the representative utterances, the writer finds the illocutionary force of every representative utterance. The writer finds the illocutionary force of representative such as stating, asserting, claiming, describing, complaining, suggesting, and predicting. Every utterance of directive also classified with finding the illocutionary force first, such as asking, requesting, commanding, permitting, ordering, permitting, begging, and entreating.

The purpose of using representative are informing news, stating curiosity, for making relaxed, thanking, mocking someone, and for discussion. On the other hand, the purpose of the utterance that used directive is for asking, commanding people, begging, and convincing someone.The writer interprets it, which take the scene that same with the scene of analyzing representative and directive to make the finding and discussion to be more coherence.

(4)

The intended meaning of representative isinterpreted based on the contextual situation when Brick Oodie and McQueen Oodie on conversation or with other actors. There are many meaning which Brick Oodie and McQueen seems to do when they utter the representative and directive. The writer finds the intended meaning of representative those are about announcement to arrest someone, discussion about job, story telling of the experience, curiosity of main character about the job, and seducing the girl about making relationship. Whereas the intended meaning directive is about asking their curiosity about Rob’s condition, chase away the gangster when the main characters want to fight, and negotiating the new job.

(5)

digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

REFFERENCES

Amelia, V. (2008) “Analysis of the Function of Speech Act used by Male and Female Preachers”. Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya: Airlangga University.

Austin, J. L. (1975). “How to Do Things with Words (2nd ed)”, (J.Urmson and M. Sbisa eds) Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Boeree, George. “Qualitative Approach”. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/-genpsyqualmeth.html

Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983). “Discourse Analysis”. Cambridge: Cambrige university press.

Cahyadi, Mohammad. (2014). “The Study of Speech Act in the Dialogue of Mr. Smith and Mrs. Smith on the Bald Soprano”.Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya: Islamic State University SunanAmpel.

Cutting, J. (2002). “Pragmatics and Discourse: A Resource Book for Student”. London: Routledge.

Ismail, F. (2013). “A Study of Illocutionary Act: JOKOWI’s Campaign Speech on “Mewujudkan Jakarta Baru”. Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya: Airlangga University.

Leech, Geoffrey. (1991). “Principles of pragmatics”. London and New York; Longman.

Levinson, Stephen. C. (2008).“Pragmatics”. United Kingdom: The university Press, Cambridge.

Litosseliti. Lia.(2010). “Research Methods in Linguistics”. Great Britain.

Mey, Jacob. L. (2004).“Pragmatics: An Introduction”. United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing.

Paltridge, Brian. (2006). “Discourse Analysis”. Great Britain: MPG Books Ltd. Wardaugh, Ronald. (2006). “An Introduction to Sociolinguistics: Fifth Edition”.

Blackwell Publishing.

Winarti, A. (2005). “A Study of Speech Act in Messenger Chat Spoken by English Department Student Universitas Airlangga”. Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya: Airlangga University.

(6)

Yule, George. (1996). “Pragmatics”. London: Oxford University press.

REPRESENTATIVE AND DIRECTIVE ACTS USED BY MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE BAYTOWN OUTLAW” MOVIE.