Perilaku Makan Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827) Di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Bagian Barat Tapanuli Utara
Lampiran 1. Peta Jalur Penelitian di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Blok Barat Tapanuli Utara
Lampiran 2. Tabulasi Data
30 Beta
34 Beta
20
8.48 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
33 Beta
20
8.46 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
32 Beta
20
8.44 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
31 Beta
20
8.42 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20
20
8.4 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
29 Beta
20
8.38 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
28 Beta
20
8.36 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
27 Beta
20
8.34 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
26 Beta
20
8.5 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
35 Beta
25 Beta
9.02 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
9.1 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
44 Beta
20
9.08 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
43 Beta
20
9.06 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
42 Beta
20
9.04 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
41 Beta
20
40 Beta
8.52 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20
9 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
39 Beta
20
8.58 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
38 Beta
20
8.56 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
37 Beta
20
8.54 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
36 Beta
20
8.32 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20
No Individu Jam Kegiatan Item Jenis Tinggi Kanopi (meter)
20
8.06 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
12 Beta
20
11 Beta 8.04 F Fl Frecinetia sp.
20
10 Beta 8.02 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
9 Beta 8 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
8 Beta 7.58 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
7 Beta 7.56 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
7.54 M
13 Beta
6 Beta
20
5 Beta 7.52 F Fr Syzigium sp.
20
4 Beta 7.5 F Fr Syzigium sp.
20
Syzigium sp.
7.48 F Fr
3 Beta
20
2 Beta 7.46 F Fr Syzigium sp.
20
1 Beta 7.44 F Fr Syzigium sp.
20
8.08 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
8.3 M
19 Beta 8.2 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
24 Beta
20
8.28 R
23 Beta
20
22 Beta 8.26 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
21 Beta 8.24 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
8.22 M
20 Beta
20
20
20
18 Beta 8.18 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
8.16 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
17 Beta
20
8.14 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
16 Beta
20
8.12 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
15 Beta
20
8.1 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
14 Beta
20
45 Beta
10.02 F Lv Cinnamomun iners
74 Beta
10
10.08 F Lv Cinnamomun iners
73 Beta
20
10.06 F Lv Cinnamomun iners
72 Beta
20
10.04 F Lv Cinnamomun iners
71 Beta
20
70 Beta
20
20
10 F Lv Cinnamomun iners
69 Beta
10
9.58 M
68 Beta
15
9.56 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
67 Beta
20
9.54 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
66 Beta
10.1 M
75 Beta
9.52 M
20
86 Beta 10.16 F pith Frecinetia sp.
20
85 Beta 10.14 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
84 Beta 10.16 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
83 Beta 10.14 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
82 Beta 10.16 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
81 Beta 10.14 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
10.22 M
10.12 R
80 Beta
20
10.2 M
79 Beta
20
10.18 M
78 Beta
20
77 Beta 10.16 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
76 Beta 10.14 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
20
65 Beta
9.12 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
50 Beta
9.3 M
54 Beta
20
53 Beta 9.28 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
52 Beta 9.26 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
9.24 M
51 Beta
20
9.22 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
20
55 Beta
9.2 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
49 Beta
20
9.18 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
48 Beta
20
9.16 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
47 Beta
20
9.14 F Fr Camnosperma auriculatum
46 Beta
20
20
9.32 M
20
20
9.5 M
64 Beta
20
9.48 M
63 Beta
20
9.46 F Lv Liana
62 Beta
20
9.44 F Lv Liana
61 Beta
9.42 F Lv Liana
20
60 Beta
20
9.4 F Lv Liana
59 Beta
20
58 Beta 9.38 F Pith Frecinetia sp.
20
9.36 M
57 Beta
20
9.34 R
56 Beta
20
Lampiran 3. Foto Orangutan di Stasiun Penelitian Hutan Batang Toru Blok Barat Beti (estimasi umur 6-10 tahun) C (estimasi umur 30-40 tahun) Ipank (estimasi umur 10-15 tahun) Inda (estimasi umur 30-40 tahun)
` Gilang (Data tidak ada diambil) Beta (estimasi umur 30-40 tahun) Riti (estimasi umur 10-15 tahun)
Lampiran 4. Foto Pakan Orangutan
Antiaris toxicaria Buah liana Eurya trichocarpa
Xanthophyllum sp. Ficus sinuate Bambusa sp3.Daemonorops sp. Freycinetia imbricata Syzygium helferi
Lampiran 5. Daftar Pakan Orangutan Yang Teridentifikasi
30 ZB 49 Marantaceae Clinogyne sp.
24 ZB 43 Pandanaceae Pandanus sp.
25 ZB 44 Arecaceae Calamus caesius Bl.
26 ZB 45 Poaceae Bambusa sp.1
27 ZB 46 Poaceae Bambusa sp.2
28 ZB 47
Poaceae Bambusa
sp.3 29 ZB 48 Moraceae Ficus sinuata Thunb.
31 ZB 50 Anacardiaceae Dracontomelum mangiferum Bl.
22 ZB 41 Moraceae Ficus fistulosa Reinw.
32 ZB 51 Myrtaceae Syzygium cymosa LAM.
33 ZB 52
Moraceae Artocarpus elasticus Reinw.
34 ZB 53 Moraceae Antiaris toxicaria Lesch.
35 ZB 54 Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica L.
36 ZB 56 Theaceae Eurya trichocarpa Korth.
37 ZB 57 Myrtaceae Syzygium claviflora Roxb.
38 ZB 59 Polygalaceae Xanthophyllum sp.
23 ZB 42 Orchidaceae Cymbidium sp.
21 ZB 40 Arecaceae Korthalsia grandis RIDL.
No. No. Label Famili Spesies 1 ZB 01 Pandanaceae Freycinetia sumatrana Hamsky.
10 ZB 27 Moraceae Ficus grossularioides Burm.
2 ZB 02 Pandanaceae Pandanus helicopus Kurz.
3 ZB 16 Pandanaceae Freycinetia imbricata Blume.
4 ZB 17 Pandanaceae Pandanus artocarpus GRIF.
5 ZB 18 Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea sp.
6 ZB 20 Alangiaceae Alangium sp.
7 ZB 22 Orchidaceae Dipodium sp.
8 ZB 23 Fagaceae Castanopsis costata A.DC.
9 ZB 25 Myrsinaceae Melaleuca sp.
11 ZB 29 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum sp.
20 ZB 39 Moraceae Ficus deltoidea Jack.
12 ZB 30 Orchidaceae Spathoglottis sp.
13 ZB 31 Orchidaceae Dendrobium sp.
14 ZB 33 Arecaceae Daemonorops sp.
15 ZB 34 Sapotaceae Palaquim sp.
16 ZB 35 Myrtaceae Syzygium helferi Duthie.
17 ZB 36 Moraceae Ficus magnoliaefolia Bl.
18 ZB 37 Moraceae Ficus ribes Reinw.
19 ZB 38 Flacourticaceae Hydnocarpus sp.
39 ZB 60 Lauraceae Cinnamomum sp.
40 ZB 80 Sapotaceae Madhuca sp.
54 ZB 19 Myrtaceae Syzigium sp.
63 ZB 62 Liana gitan 64 ZB 63 Formicidae Xenomyrmex sp.
62 ZB 61 Liana sulur
61 ZB 58 Liana kantong
60 ZB 55 Liana fog
59 ZB 32 Buah legume
58 ZB 28 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium beccarii
56 ZB 24 Lauraceae Cinnamomun iners 57 ZB 26 Clusiaceae Garcinia sp.
55 ZB 21 Myrtaceae Rhodomnia sp.
52 ZB 14 Fabaceae Parkia speciosa 53 ZB 15 Moraceae Ficus sp.
41 ZB 3 Moraceae Arthocarpus sp.
51 ZB 13 Sapotaceae Maduca kunstuleri
49 ZB 11 Casuarinaceae Gimnostoma sumaterana 50 ZB 12 Fagaceae Lithocarpus sp.
48 ZB 10 Anacardiaceae Camnosperma auriculatum
47 ZB 9 Ulmaceae Gironera subaequalis
Ulmaceae Gironera parfivolia
46 ZB 8
44 ZB 6 Sapotaceae Maduca laurifolia 45 ZB 7 Myrsinaceae Labisia sp.
43 ZB 5 Sapotaceae Palakium rostratum
42 ZB 4 Araucariaceae Agathis borneensis
65 ZB 64 Termitidae Macrotermes sp.
Lampiran 6. Hasil Statistic Programme for Scientific and Social science ” (SPSS) 19,0
A. Crosstabs Aktifitas Harian
Case Processing Summary
Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Individu_Orangutan * 9980 99.9%
5 .1% 9985 100.0% Kegiatan Individu_Orangutan * Kegiatan Crosstabulation Aktifitas Harian Makan Bergerak Istirahat Sosial Total
Individu Orangutan Betina_Dewasa 71.3% 16.9% 9.8% 2.0% 100.0%
Betina_Remaja 59.1% 25.6% 9.5% 5.8% 100.0%Jantan_Remaja 65.7% 17.7% 15.7% .9% 100.0%
Total 65.0% 21.0% 10.4% 3.6% 100.0%
B. Kruskal-Wallis Test Aktifitas Harian Ranks Individu_Orangutan N Mean Rank Kegiatan Betina_Dewasa 4113 4673.10
Betina_Remaja 4585 5277.56 Jantan_Remaja 1282 4982.12 Total 9980 a,b Test Statistics
Kegiatan Chi-Square 133.449 Df
2 Asymp. Sig. .000
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan
C. Mann-Whitney Test Aktifitas Harian Orangutan Ranks
Individu_Orangutan N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Kegiatan Betina_Dewasa 4113 4071.30 16745240.00 Betina_Remaja 4585 4599.06 21086711.00 Total 8698 a Test Statistics
Kegiatan Mann-Whitney U 8284799.000 Wilcoxon W 1.675E7 Z -11.565 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000
a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan Mann-Whitney Test Ranks
Individu_Orangutan N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Kegiatan Betina_Dewasa 4113 2658.81 10935674.00 Jantan_Remaja 1282 2823.74 3620036.00 Total 5395 a Test Statistics
Kegiatan Mann-Whitney U 2475233.000 Wilcoxon W 1.094E7 Z -4.103 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000
a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan Mann-Whitney Test Ranks
Individu_Orangutan N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Kegiatan Betina_Remaja 4585 2971.50 13624328.00 Jantan_Remaja 1282 2799.88 3589450.00 Total 5867
a Test Statistics Kegiatan Mann-Whitney U 2767047.000
Wilcoxon W 3589450.000 Z -3.671 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000
a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan
D. Crosstabs Persentase Jenis Makanan
Case Processing Summary
Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent
Individu_Orangutan * 6540 100.0% .0% 6540 100.0%
Item Individu_Orangutan * Item Crosstabulation
Item Kulit seran bunga buah kayu gga daun Umbut Total
Individu_Orangutan Betina_Dewasa 2.1% 65.5% 6.6% 2.1% 15.1% 8.6% 100.0%
Betina_Remaja 12.3% 57.3% 1.2% .9% 15.3% 13.0% 100.0% Jantan_Remaja 2.4% 69.8% 1.5% 16.2% 10.1% 100.0%
Total 6.4% 62.6% 3.5% 1.5% 15.3% 10.6% 100.0%
D. Kruskal-Wallis Ranks Individu_Orangutan N Mean Rank Item Betina_Dewasa 2937 3369.00 Betina_Remaja 2740 3158.55 Jantan_Remaja 863 3290.71 Total 6540
a,b Test Statistics Item Chi-Square
23.659 Df
2 Asymp. Sig.
.000
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan
E. Mann-Whitney Test Ranks
Individu_Oranguta n N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Item Betina_Dewasa 2937 2926.22 8594313.00 Betina_Remaja 2740 2745.51 7522690.00
Total 5677 a Test Statistics Item Mann-Whitney U 3767520.000
Wilcoxon W 7522690.000 Z
- 4.757
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000
a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan Mann-Whitney Test Ranks
Individu_Orangutan N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Item Betina_Dewasa 2937 1911.78 5614905.00 Jantan_Remaja 863 1862.10 1606995.00 Total 3800 a Test Statistics
Item Mann-Whitney U 1234179.000 Wilcoxon W 1606995.000 Z -1.396 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .163
a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan
Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Individu_Orangutan N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Item Betina_Remaja 2740 1783.54 4886901.50 Jantan_Remaja 863 1860.61 1605704.50 Total 3603 a Test Statistics
Item Mann-Whitney U 1131731.500 Wilcoxon W 4886901.500 Z -2.157 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .031
a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan
F. Penggunaan Kanopi Case Processing Summary
Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent
Individu_Orangutan * 6540 100.0% .0% 6540 100.0%
Tinggi Chi-Square Tests
Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) a
Pearson Chi-Square 283.012
10 .000
Likelihood Ratio 308.815 10 .000 Linear-by-Linear 11.240 1 .001 AssociationN of Valid Cases 6540
Chi-Square Tests Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) a
Pearson Chi-Square 283.012 10 .000 Likelihood Ratio 308.815 10 .000 Linear-by-Linear 11.240 1 .001 Association
N of Valid Cases 6540
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.76.
G. Kruskal-Wallis Test Ranks
Individu_Orangut Mean an N Rank Tinggi Betina_Dewasa 2937 3122.70 Betina_Remaja 2740 3548.61
Jantan_Remaja 863 2890.51 Total 6540 a,b Test Statistics
Tinggi Chi-Square 132.900 Df
2 Asymp. Sig. .000
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan
F. Mann-Whitney Test Ranks
Individu_Orangut Mean Sum of an N Rank Ranks Tinggi Betina_Dewasa 2937 1930.41 5669626.00 Jantan_Remaja 863 1798.70 1552274.00
Total 3800 a Test Statistics Tinggi Mann-Whitney U 1179458.000
Wilcoxon W 1552274.000 Z -3.390 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .001
a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan
Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Individu_Orangut Mean Sum of an N Rank Ranks
Tinggi Betina_Dewasa 2937 2661.29 7816204.50 Betina_Remaja 2740 3029.49 8300798.50 Total 5677 a Test Statistics
Tinggi Mann-Whitney U 3501751.500 Wilcoxon W 7816204.500 Z -9.169 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000
a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan
Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Individu_Orangut Mean Sum of an N Rank Ranks
Tinggi Betina_Remaja 2740 1889.62 5177550.00 Jantan_Remaja 863 1523.82 1315056.00 Total 3603 a Test Statistics
Tinggi Mann-Whitney U 942240.000 Wilcoxon W 1315056.00 Z -9.799 Asymp. Sig. (2- .000 tailed) a. Grouping Variable: Individu_Orangutan