Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dan Fraksi Kulit Buah Sawo Manila (Manilkara Zapota (L.) P. Royen) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI
KULIT BUAH SAWO MANILA (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen)
TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
DAN Escherichia coli
ABSTRAK
Sawo merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman buah yang sudah lama dikenal
dan ditanam di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan bagian dari tanaman seperti akar, batang,
daun, kulit dan buah dapat digunakan sebagai obat. Sawo manila berkhasiat untuk
obat sembelit serta menghambat diare. Kandungan yang terdapat dalam buah sawo
manila meliputi flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui karakteristik simplisia, kandungan senyawa kimia dan uji aktivitas
antibakteri dari kulit buah sawo manila (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen).
Pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik,
mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar
sari larut etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut
asam. Skrining fitokimia meliputi pemeriksaan golongan senyawa alkaloid,
flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstraksi dilakukan
secara perkolasi dan fraksinasi dilakukan secara ekstraksi cair-cair. Uji aktivitas
antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia adalah kadar
air 2,31%, kadar sari larut air 64,48%, kadar sari larut etanol 59,60%, kadar abu
total 6,32%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,49%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk
simplisia mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, tanin dan
steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak
etanol dan fraksi etilasetat memberikan diameter daerah hambat yang efektif
terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli sedangkan fraksi air dan
fraksi n-heksana hanya memberikan diameter daerah hambat yang efektif terhadap
Staphylococcus aureus.
Kata kunci :
aktivitas antibakteri, Escherichia coli, kulit buah sawo manila,
Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen, Staphylococcus aureus
vi
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS AND
FRACTION OF MANILA SAPODILLA PERICARPIUM
FRUIT (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) AGAINST
Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli
ABSTRACT
Sapodilla is a kind of plants which has been known for a long time in
Indonesia. The process of part of plants like root, rod, leaf, pericarpium and fruit
can be used as medicine. Manila sapodilla can be used as constipation drugs and
diarrhea drugs. The content of sapodilla are contained flavonoid, saponin and
tanin. The purpose of this research was to know about simplex characterization,
chemical constituents and antibacterial activity test of manila sapodilla
pericarpium fruit (Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen).
Simplex characterization including level of water content, level of watersoluble extract, level of ethanol-soluble extract, level of total ash, and level of ash
not soluble in acid. Phytochemical screening including determination alkaloid,
flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, tanin and steroid/triterpenoid. The simplex
extracted by percolation and fractination used liquid-liquid extraction. Test of
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by agar
diffusion method using paper disk.
The results of simplex characterization were obtained level of water
content 2.31%, level of water-soluble extract 64.48%, level of ethanol-soluble
extract 59.60%, level of total ash 6.32% and level of ash not soluble in acid
0.49%. The results of phytochemical screening from simplex contains flavonoid,
glycoside, tanin and steroid/triterpenoid. The results of antibacterial activity of
ethanol extract and ethylacetate fraction were gave effective inhibitory against
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli while water fraction and n-hexane
fraction only effective inhibitory for Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords : antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Manilkara zapota (L) P.
Royen, manila sapodilla pericarpium fruit, Staphylococcus aureus
vii
KULIT BUAH SAWO MANILA (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen)
TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
DAN Escherichia coli
ABSTRAK
Sawo merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman buah yang sudah lama dikenal
dan ditanam di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan bagian dari tanaman seperti akar, batang,
daun, kulit dan buah dapat digunakan sebagai obat. Sawo manila berkhasiat untuk
obat sembelit serta menghambat diare. Kandungan yang terdapat dalam buah sawo
manila meliputi flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui karakteristik simplisia, kandungan senyawa kimia dan uji aktivitas
antibakteri dari kulit buah sawo manila (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen).
Pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik,
mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar
sari larut etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut
asam. Skrining fitokimia meliputi pemeriksaan golongan senyawa alkaloid,
flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstraksi dilakukan
secara perkolasi dan fraksinasi dilakukan secara ekstraksi cair-cair. Uji aktivitas
antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia adalah kadar
air 2,31%, kadar sari larut air 64,48%, kadar sari larut etanol 59,60%, kadar abu
total 6,32%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,49%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk
simplisia mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, tanin dan
steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak
etanol dan fraksi etilasetat memberikan diameter daerah hambat yang efektif
terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli sedangkan fraksi air dan
fraksi n-heksana hanya memberikan diameter daerah hambat yang efektif terhadap
Staphylococcus aureus.
Kata kunci :
aktivitas antibakteri, Escherichia coli, kulit buah sawo manila,
Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen, Staphylococcus aureus
vi
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS AND
FRACTION OF MANILA SAPODILLA PERICARPIUM
FRUIT (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) AGAINST
Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli
ABSTRACT
Sapodilla is a kind of plants which has been known for a long time in
Indonesia. The process of part of plants like root, rod, leaf, pericarpium and fruit
can be used as medicine. Manila sapodilla can be used as constipation drugs and
diarrhea drugs. The content of sapodilla are contained flavonoid, saponin and
tanin. The purpose of this research was to know about simplex characterization,
chemical constituents and antibacterial activity test of manila sapodilla
pericarpium fruit (Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen).
Simplex characterization including level of water content, level of watersoluble extract, level of ethanol-soluble extract, level of total ash, and level of ash
not soluble in acid. Phytochemical screening including determination alkaloid,
flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, tanin and steroid/triterpenoid. The simplex
extracted by percolation and fractination used liquid-liquid extraction. Test of
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by agar
diffusion method using paper disk.
The results of simplex characterization were obtained level of water
content 2.31%, level of water-soluble extract 64.48%, level of ethanol-soluble
extract 59.60%, level of total ash 6.32% and level of ash not soluble in acid
0.49%. The results of phytochemical screening from simplex contains flavonoid,
glycoside, tanin and steroid/triterpenoid. The results of antibacterial activity of
ethanol extract and ethylacetate fraction were gave effective inhibitory against
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli while water fraction and n-hexane
fraction only effective inhibitory for Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords : antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Manilkara zapota (L) P.
Royen, manila sapodilla pericarpium fruit, Staphylococcus aureus
vii