Studi Sintesis Metil Ester Asam Lemak Dari Pitch Cair Melalui Tahap Reaksi Esterifikasi Dan Transesterifikasi
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adnan, M. (1997). Teknik Kromatografi Untuk Analisis Bahan Makanan. Penerbit
Andi. Yogyakarta. hal. 63-99.
Akoh,C.C., Chang,S.W., Lee,G.C., and Shaw,J.F. 2007. Enzymatic approach to
biodiesel production, J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 8995–9005.
Aksoy, H.A., I Kahraman., F. Karaosmanoglu and H. Civelekoglu. 1988. Evaaluation of
Sulfur Olive Oil as an Alternative Diesel Oil. JAOCS. 65; 936-938.
Bailey, 1950. Diambil dari Ketaren,S. 2005, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Jakarta.
Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.
Carey, F.A. and R.J. Sundberg, 1993. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part. B : Reaction
and Synthesis, edisi ketiga, Plenum Press, London.
Demirbas, A. 2006, Biodiesel Production via Non-Catalytic SCF Method and
Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics, Energy Convers, Mgmt, 47, 22712282.
Eckey, 1995. Diambil dari Ketaren,S. 2005, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Jakarta.
Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.
Elisabeth,J. 1999. Modifikasi Minyak dan Lemak: Teknologi dan Aplikasi Dalam
Industri Pangan dan Kimia, Seminar Peranan Teknologi Hasil
Pertanian
Dalam Industri Penyedian Bahan Baku Industri
Pangan dan Kimia, Medan
Ghadge, S.V., Raheman, H., 2004. Biodiesel Production From Mahua (Madhuca
indica) oil having high free fatty acids. Agriculture & Food
Engineering Department, India Institute of Technology, Kharaypur,
India.
p. 601-605
Freedman, B., Pryde, E.H., and Mounts, T.L., 1984. Variables Affecting the Yields of
fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils, J. Am. Oil Chem.
Soc., 61, 1638-1643
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Haas , M.J., Scott K.M., Thomas A.F., Marmer W.N. 2007. The General Aplicability of
In Situ Transesterification for the Production of Fatty Acid Esters from a
Variety of Feedstocks. JAOCS, 84; 963-970.
Hambali, E., Mujdalipa, S., A.R Tambunan., Pattiwiri, A.B., and Hendroko, R. 2007.
Teknologi Bioenergi, Edisi Pertama. PT. Agromedia Pustaka. Bogor
Ketaren,S. 2005, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Jakarta. Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia. Halaman 265, 272-273
McKee, T. and McKee, JR. (2003). Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis Of Life.
3eded. The McGraw-Hill. Boston. p. 68-71.
Mucthadi, T. R. 1990. Emulsi Bahan Pangan. Diktat Kuliah Technolohi Pangan dan
Gizi. IPB Bogor.
Ozgulsun, A., Karaosmanoglu, F., and Tuter, M. 2000. Esterification Reaction of oleic
Acid with a Fusel Oil Fraction for Production of Lubricating Oil.
Istanbul Technical University,. Istanbul. JAOCS 77, p. 105-109
Salmiah, A., Kang, Y.B., (1998), Oleochemical; non-food applications of palm oil
and palm oil derived products. Cosmetics and Toiletries
Manufacturing worldwide. p. 85-89
Silalahi, J. (2000). Hypocholesterolemic Factors in Foods. A Review. Indon Food
Nutr Prog. 7 (1): 26-36.
Silalahi, J. (2006). Fats and Oils: Modification and Substitution. Lecture Notes.
Postgraduate Section. University of North Sumatera. Medan. p. 17-25;
63-68.
Silalahi, Y.C.E. (2007). Evaluasi Nilai Gizi Minyak Goreng yang beredar di Pasar
kota Medan Berdasarkan Komposisi Asam Lemak. Skripsi. Fakultas
Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Soerawidjaja dan Tatang, H. 2006. Fondasi – fondasi Ilmiah dan Keteknikan dari
Teknologi Biodiesel. Handout Seminar Nasional. Biodiesel sebagai
Energi Alternatif Masa Depan. UGM Yogyakarta.
Solomons, T.W.G, 1992. Organic Chemistry. 5 th Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New
York; 778
Tarigan, J. (2009). Ester Asam Lemak. Karya Ilmiah. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu
Pengetahuan Alam, Univesitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tariq, M., Saqib, A., Fiaz, A., Ahmad, M., Zafar, Nasir, K., dan Khan, M.A., 2011,
Identification, FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and GC/MS Studies of Fatty
Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel from Rocket Seed Oil, Fuel,
Processing Technology,
92, 336-441. Diambil dari Sitepu, E.K.
dan Tarigan, J. 2011.Pengaruh Alkil Bercabang
Terhadap
Titik
Kabut, Titik Tuang, dan Angka Setana Biodiesel
dari
Minyak
Kelapa Sawit dan Minyak Jarak., Volume 13 Nomor 2, Majalah
Ilmiah Teknik : Medan.
Terblens, Y.M., Jonannes J., Green, M.J., Young, D.A and Sibiya, MS. 2005. Aluminium
Biflate as Catalyst for Epoxide and Esterification Mechanistic Aspects. J.
Chem; 854-861
Toha, AHA. (2001). Biokimia: Metabolisme Biomolekul. Cetakan pertama. Alfabeta.
Bandung. hal. 100.
Veljkovic, V.B., Lakicevic, S.H., Stamenkovic, O.S., Tedorovic, Z.B, Lazic M.L.,
2006, Biodisel production from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed
oil with high content of free fatty acids, Faculty of technology
Leskovac, Serbia and Montenegro, p. 2671-2675
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Adnan, M. (1997). Teknik Kromatografi Untuk Analisis Bahan Makanan. Penerbit
Andi. Yogyakarta. hal. 63-99.
Akoh,C.C., Chang,S.W., Lee,G.C., and Shaw,J.F. 2007. Enzymatic approach to
biodiesel production, J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 8995–9005.
Aksoy, H.A., I Kahraman., F. Karaosmanoglu and H. Civelekoglu. 1988. Evaaluation of
Sulfur Olive Oil as an Alternative Diesel Oil. JAOCS. 65; 936-938.
Bailey, 1950. Diambil dari Ketaren,S. 2005, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Jakarta.
Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.
Carey, F.A. and R.J. Sundberg, 1993. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part. B : Reaction
and Synthesis, edisi ketiga, Plenum Press, London.
Demirbas, A. 2006, Biodiesel Production via Non-Catalytic SCF Method and
Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics, Energy Convers, Mgmt, 47, 22712282.
Eckey, 1995. Diambil dari Ketaren,S. 2005, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Jakarta.
Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.
Elisabeth,J. 1999. Modifikasi Minyak dan Lemak: Teknologi dan Aplikasi Dalam
Industri Pangan dan Kimia, Seminar Peranan Teknologi Hasil
Pertanian
Dalam Industri Penyedian Bahan Baku Industri
Pangan dan Kimia, Medan
Ghadge, S.V., Raheman, H., 2004. Biodiesel Production From Mahua (Madhuca
indica) oil having high free fatty acids. Agriculture & Food
Engineering Department, India Institute of Technology, Kharaypur,
India.
p. 601-605
Freedman, B., Pryde, E.H., and Mounts, T.L., 1984. Variables Affecting the Yields of
fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils, J. Am. Oil Chem.
Soc., 61, 1638-1643
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Haas , M.J., Scott K.M., Thomas A.F., Marmer W.N. 2007. The General Aplicability of
In Situ Transesterification for the Production of Fatty Acid Esters from a
Variety of Feedstocks. JAOCS, 84; 963-970.
Hambali, E., Mujdalipa, S., A.R Tambunan., Pattiwiri, A.B., and Hendroko, R. 2007.
Teknologi Bioenergi, Edisi Pertama. PT. Agromedia Pustaka. Bogor
Ketaren,S. 2005, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Jakarta. Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia. Halaman 265, 272-273
McKee, T. and McKee, JR. (2003). Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis Of Life.
3eded. The McGraw-Hill. Boston. p. 68-71.
Mucthadi, T. R. 1990. Emulsi Bahan Pangan. Diktat Kuliah Technolohi Pangan dan
Gizi. IPB Bogor.
Ozgulsun, A., Karaosmanoglu, F., and Tuter, M. 2000. Esterification Reaction of oleic
Acid with a Fusel Oil Fraction for Production of Lubricating Oil.
Istanbul Technical University,. Istanbul. JAOCS 77, p. 105-109
Salmiah, A., Kang, Y.B., (1998), Oleochemical; non-food applications of palm oil
and palm oil derived products. Cosmetics and Toiletries
Manufacturing worldwide. p. 85-89
Silalahi, J. (2000). Hypocholesterolemic Factors in Foods. A Review. Indon Food
Nutr Prog. 7 (1): 26-36.
Silalahi, J. (2006). Fats and Oils: Modification and Substitution. Lecture Notes.
Postgraduate Section. University of North Sumatera. Medan. p. 17-25;
63-68.
Silalahi, Y.C.E. (2007). Evaluasi Nilai Gizi Minyak Goreng yang beredar di Pasar
kota Medan Berdasarkan Komposisi Asam Lemak. Skripsi. Fakultas
Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Soerawidjaja dan Tatang, H. 2006. Fondasi – fondasi Ilmiah dan Keteknikan dari
Teknologi Biodiesel. Handout Seminar Nasional. Biodiesel sebagai
Energi Alternatif Masa Depan. UGM Yogyakarta.
Solomons, T.W.G, 1992. Organic Chemistry. 5 th Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New
York; 778
Tarigan, J. (2009). Ester Asam Lemak. Karya Ilmiah. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu
Pengetahuan Alam, Univesitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tariq, M., Saqib, A., Fiaz, A., Ahmad, M., Zafar, Nasir, K., dan Khan, M.A., 2011,
Identification, FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and GC/MS Studies of Fatty
Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel from Rocket Seed Oil, Fuel,
Processing Technology,
92, 336-441. Diambil dari Sitepu, E.K.
dan Tarigan, J. 2011.Pengaruh Alkil Bercabang
Terhadap
Titik
Kabut, Titik Tuang, dan Angka Setana Biodiesel
dari
Minyak
Kelapa Sawit dan Minyak Jarak., Volume 13 Nomor 2, Majalah
Ilmiah Teknik : Medan.
Terblens, Y.M., Jonannes J., Green, M.J., Young, D.A and Sibiya, MS. 2005. Aluminium
Biflate as Catalyst for Epoxide and Esterification Mechanistic Aspects. J.
Chem; 854-861
Toha, AHA. (2001). Biokimia: Metabolisme Biomolekul. Cetakan pertama. Alfabeta.
Bandung. hal. 100.
Veljkovic, V.B., Lakicevic, S.H., Stamenkovic, O.S., Tedorovic, Z.B, Lazic M.L.,
2006, Biodisel production from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed
oil with high content of free fatty acids, Faculty of technology
Leskovac, Serbia and Montenegro, p. 2671-2675
Universitas Sumatera Utara